（《本经》下品）
【释名】蟪蛄（《本经》）、天蝼（《本经》）、
仙姑（《古今注》）、石鼠（《古今注》）、梧鼠
时珍曰∶《周礼注》云∶蝼，臭也。此虫气臭，故得蝼名。曰姑，曰婆，曰
虫之名。蟪蛄同蝉名，蝼蝈同蛙名，石鼠同硕鼠名，梧鼠同飞生名，皆名同物异也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶蝼蛄生东城平泽。夜出者良。夏至取，曝干。
弘景曰∶此物颇协鬼神。昔人狱中得其力，今人夜见多打杀之，言为鬼所使也。
颂曰∶今处处有之。穴地粪壤中而生，夜则出外求食。《荀子》所谓梧鼠五技而穷，蔡
邕所谓硕鼠五能不成一技者，皆指此也。《魏诗》硕鼠乃大鼠，与此同名而技不穷，固不同
耳。五技者
宗 曰∶此虫立夏后至夜则鸣，声如蚯蚓，《月令》“蝼蝈鸣”者是矣。
时珍曰∶蝼蛄穴土而居，有短翅四足。雄者善鸣而飞，雌者腹大羽小，不善飞翔。吸风
食土，喜就灯光。入药用雄。或云用火烧地赤，置蝼于上，任其跳死，覆者雄，仰者雌也。
《类
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
《日华》曰∶凉，有毒。去翅、足，炒用。
【主治】产难，出肉中刺，溃痈肿，下哽噎，解毒，除恶疮（《本经
（《日华》）。利大小便，通石淋，治
【发明】弘景曰∶自腰以前甚涩，能止大小便；自腰以后甚利，
朱震亨曰∶蝼蛄治水甚效，但其性急，虚人戒之。
颂曰∶今方家治石淋导水，用蝼蛄七枚，盐二两，新瓦上铺盖焙干，研末。每温酒服一
钱匕，即愈也。
【附方】旧四，新二十。
十种水病∶肿满喘促不得卧。《圣惠方》∶以蝼蛄五枚，焙干为末。食前白汤服一钱，小
便利为效。杨氏∶加甘
惠》∶用蝼蛄下截焙研，水服
露一夜，日干研末，酒服。《乾坤秘
头末七个，治中用腹末七个，治下用尾末七
大腹水病∶《肘后》∶用蝼蛄，炙熟，日食十个。《普济》半边散，治水病。用大戟、
芫花、甘遂、大黄各三钱，为末。以土狗七枚（五月能飞者），捣葱铺新瓦上焙之，待干去
翅、
足。每个剪作两半边，分左右记收。欲退左即以左边七片焙研，
门冬煎汤，五更调服。候左退三日后，服右边如前法。
鼻消水，面浮甚者∶用土
妙
小便不通∶葛洪方∶用大蝼蛄二枚，取下体，以水一升渍饮，须臾即通。《寿域方》∶用
土狗下截焙研，调
生研亦可。谈野翁方∶加车前草，同捣汁服。《唐氏经验方》∶用土狗后截，和麝捣，
纳脐中，缚定，即通。《医方摘要》∶用土狗一个炙研，入冰片、麝香少许，翎管吹入茎内。
大小便闭，经月欲死∶《普济方》∶用土狗、推车客各七枚，并男用头，女用身
以向南樗皮煎汁饮，一服神效。
灌入，下喉即出也。（《延年方》）
脐风出汁∶蝼蛄、甘草等分，并炙为末。敷之。（《总录》）
牙齿疼痛∶土狗一个，旧糟裹定，湿纸包，煨焦，去糟研末，敷之立止。（《本事》）。
紧唇裂痛∶蝼蛄烧灰，敷之。（《千金方》）。
塞耳治聋∶蝼蛄五钱，穿山甲（炮）五钱，麝香少许，为末，葱汁和丸，塞之。外用
鼻药，即通。（《普济》）
颈项瘰 ∶用带壳蝼蛄七枚，生取肉，入丁香七粒于壳内，烧过，与肉同研，用纸花
贴之。（《救急方》）
箭镞入肉∶以蝼蛄杵汁滴上，三、五度，自出。（《千金方》）针刺不出∶同上。
误吞钩线∶蝼蛄，去身，吞其头数枚。勿令本人知。（《圣惠方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】蟪蛄（出自《神农本草经》）、天蝼（出自《神农本草经》）、仙姑（出自《古今注》）、石鼠（出自《古今注》）、梧鼠。
李时珍说：《周礼注》记载：“蝼，意为臭气。”这种虫子气味腥臭，所以得名“蝼”。称为“姑”、“婆”，是虫类的通称。“蟪蛄”与蝉同名，“蝼蝈”与蛙同名，“石鼠”与硕鼠同名，“梧鼠”与飞生（鼯鼠）同名，这些都是名称相同但物种不同的情况。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：蝼蛄生长在东城和平原沼泽地带。夜间活动的品质优良。夏至日采集，晒干。
陶弘景说：这种生物似乎与鬼神有关联。过去有人在狱中依靠它的力量脱困，现在人们夜晚见到它多将其打死，说是被鬼神驱使。
苏颂说：如今到处都有。它在地下粪壤中打洞生活，夜间出来觅食。《荀子》所说的“梧鼠五技而穷”，蔡邕所说的“硕鼠五能不成一技”，指的都是这种虫子。《魏诗》中的“硕鼠”是大老鼠，与此同名但技能不穷尽，确实不同。所谓“五技”，是指……
陈宗说：这种虫子从立夏后到夜间鸣叫，声音像蚯蚓，《月令》中提到的“蝼蝈鸣”就是指的它。
李时珍说：蝼蛄在土中打洞居住，有短翅和四足。雄性的善于鸣叫和飞翔，雌性的腹部大翅膀小，不善于飞翔。它们吸食风气、食用泥土，喜欢靠近灯光。入药使用雄性。有人说用火烧地至红热，将蝼蛄放在上面，任其跳死，背部朝下的是雄性，腹部朝上的是雌性。
【气味】味咸，性寒，无毒。
《日华子本草》说：性凉，有毒。去掉翅膀和脚，炒制后使用。
【主治】难产，取出肉中的刺，溃破痈肿，缓解噎膈，解毒，治疗恶疮（出自《神农本草经》）。利大小便，通治石淋，治疗……（出自《日华子本草》）。
【发明】陶弘景说：蝼蛄腰部以前部位作用涩滞，能止住大小便；腰部以后部位作用滑利，能……
朱震亨说：蝼蛄治疗水病效果显著，但其药性急猛，体虚之人忌用。
苏颂说：如今方家治疗石淋导水利尿，用蝼蛄七枚，盐二两，铺在新瓦上焙干，研成粉末。每次用温酒送服一钱匕，即可痊愈。
【附方】旧方四首，新方二十首。
十种水病：身体肿胀胀满，气喘急促无法躺卧。《圣惠方》：用蝼蛄五枚，焙干研末。饭前用白开水送服一钱，以小便利为见效。杨氏方：加甘草……
《圣惠方》：用蝼蛄的下半截焙干研末，用水送服……露水一夜，日晒干燥后研末，用酒送服。《乾坤秘韫》：头部末节七个，治疗上半身水肿；腹部末节七个，治疗下半身水肿；尾部末节七个……
大腹水病：《肘后备急方》：用蝼蛄，烤熟，每天吃十个。《普济方》半边散，治疗水病。用大戟、芫花、甘遂、大黄各三钱，研成粉末。用土狗（蝼蛄）七枚（五月能飞的），捣碎葱段铺在新瓦上焙干，待干后去掉翅膀和脚。每个剪成两半，分左右标记收藏。若要消退左侧水肿，就取左边七片焙干研末，用麦门冬煎汤，五更时分调服。等左侧消退三天后，按同样方法服用右侧。
鼻消水，面部浮肿严重者：用土狗……
小便不通：葛洪方：用大蝼蛄二枚，取下体，用一升水浸泡后饮用，片刻即通。《寿域方》：用土狗下半截焙干研末，调服……生研也可以。谈野翁方：加车前草，一起捣汁服用。《唐氏经验方》：用土狗后截，配合麝香捣烂，纳入肚脐中，绑紧固定，即刻通畅。《医方摘要》：用土狗一个烤熟研末，加入少许冰片、麝香，用羽毛管吹入尿道内。
大小便闭结，持续一个月几乎致死：《普济方》：用土狗、推车客（一种植物或动物，此处指蝼蛄的另一种称呼或配伍，结合语境可能指同类或特定部位，原文未详述具体区分，仅列名）各七枚，男用头部，女用躯体，向南边的樗树皮煎汁饮用，一次服用神效。灌入，咽下即出。（《延年方》）
脐风出汁：蝼蛄、甘草等分，一起烤熟研末。敷贴患处。（《总录》）
牙齿疼痛：土狗一个，用旧酒糟包裹，湿纸包好，煨焦，去掉酒糟研末，敷贴患处立即止痛。（《本事方》）
嘴唇紧绷开裂疼痛：蝼蛄烧成灰，敷贴患处。（《千金方》）
塞耳治聋：蝼蛄五钱，穿山甲（炮制）五钱，少许麝香，研成粉末，用葱汁和丸，塞入耳中。外用鼻药，即刻通畅。（《普济方》）
颈项瘰疬：用带壳蝼蛄七枚，生取肉，将七粒丁香放入壳内，烧过后，与肉一起研细，用纸花贴敷患处。（《救急方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Huigu (Cicada, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*); Tianlou (Sky Mole Cricket, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*); Xiangu (Immortal Maiden, from *Gujin Zhu*); Shishu (Stone Rat, from *Gujin Zhu*); Wushu (Flying Squirrel, from *Gujin Zhu*).
Li Shizhen states: The commentary on *Zhou Li* records: "Lou means stench." This insect has a foul odor, hence the name "Lou." The terms "Gu" and "Po" are generic names for insects. "Huigu" shares a name with the cicada; "Louguo" shares a name with the frog; "Shishu" shares a name with the large rat; "Wushu" shares a name with the flying squirrel. These are cases where names are identical but the species differ.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* records: Mole crickets (*Gryllotalpa orientalis*) grow in the flat marshes of Dongcheng. Those active at night are of superior quality. Collect them at the Summer Solstice and dry them in the sun.
Tao Hongjing states: This creature seems to be associated with spirits and ghosts. In the past, some people relied on its power while imprisoned; nowadays, people often kill it when seen at night, claiming it is manipulated by ghosts.
Su Song states: It is found everywhere today. It lives in burrows within soil and manure, coming out at night to forage. What Xunzi referred to as "the wushu having five skills yet coming to a dead end," and what Cai Yong referred to as "the shoshu having five abilities but mastering none," both refer to this insect. The "shoshu" in the *Wei Shi* is a large rat; although it shares the name, its skills are not exhausted, so it is indeed different. The so-called "five skills" refer to...
Chen Zong states: This insect begins calling at night after the Start of Summer, with a sound like an earthworm. This corresponds to the "Louguo crying" mentioned in the *Yueling*.
Li Shizhen states: Mole crickets live in burrows in the soil, possessing short wings and four legs. Males are good at calling and flying; females have large abdomens and small wings, and are not good at flying. They absorb wind and eat soil, and are attracted to light. For medicinal use, males are employed. Some say that if you heat the ground until red-hot with fire and place the mole cricket on it, allowing it to jump to death, those lying on their backs are male, and those lying on their bellies are female.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Salty, cold, non-toxic.
*Ri Hua Bencao* states: Cool, toxic. Remove wings and feet, stir-fry before use.
**[Indications]** Dystocia (difficult labor), removing splinters from flesh, ulcerating carbuncles and swellings, relieving dysphagia (choking sensation), detoxification, treating malignant ulcers (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Promoting urination and defecation, treating lithiasis (stone strangury), treating... (from *Ri Hua Bencao*).
**[Elucidation]** Tao Hongjing states: The anterior part of the waist acts astringently, stopping urination and defecation; the posterior part acts lubricatingly, promoting...
Zhu Zhenheng states: Mole crickets are very effective for treating edema (water diseases), but their nature is urgent/rapid; they should be avoided by patients with deficiency.
Su Song states: Currently, practitioners treat lithiasis and promote diuresis using seven mole crickets and two liang of salt, spread on a new tile, baked dry, and ground into powder. Each time, take one qianbi with warm wine, and recovery will occur immediately.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Four old prescriptions, twenty new prescriptions.
Ten types of water diseases: Swelling, fullness, panting, and inability to lie down. *Shenghui Fang*: Use five mole crickets, bake dry, and grind into powder. Take one qian with plain boiled water before meals; effectiveness is indicated by increased urination. Yang's prescription: Add licorice...
*Shenghui Fang*: Use the lower segment of the mole cricket, bake and grind; take with water... Expose to dew overnight, dry in the sun, grind into powder, and take with wine. *Qiankun Mi Yun*: Use the last seven segments of the head to treat upper body edema; the last seven segments of the abdomen to treat lower body edema; the last seven segments of the tail...
Abdominal ascites: *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Use mole crickets, roast thoroughly, and eat ten daily. *Pujifang* Banbian San treats water disease. Use 3 qian each of Radix Saposhnikoviae (Daji), Radix Genkwa (Yuanhua), Radix Kansui (Gansui), and Radix Rhei (Dahuang), grind into powder. Take seven mole crickets (those capable of flying in May), crush with scallions, spread on a new tile, and bake until dry. Remove wings and feet. Cut each into two halves, marking left and right for storage. To reduce edema on the left, take seven left halves, bake, grind, and mix with decoction of Radix Ophiopogonis (Mendong) for administration at the fifth watch. After the left side recedes for three days, administer the right side in the same manner.
Nasal edema reduction, severe facial swelling: Use mole crickets...
Urinary retention: Ge Hong's prescription: Use two large mole crickets, take the lower body, soak in one sheng of water, drink, and passage will occur shortly. *Shouyu Fang*: Use the lower segment of the mole cricket, bake and grind, mix and take... Raw grinding is also acceptable. Tan Yeweng's prescription: Add Herba Plantaginis (Cheqiancao), crush together, and take the juice. *Tangshi Jingyan Fang*: Use the posterior segment of the mole cricket, mix with Moschus (Shexiang), crush, insert into the umbilicus, and bind firmly; passage will occur immediately. *Yifang Jiangyao*: Use one mole cricket, roast and grind, add a small amount of Borneolum Syntheticum (Bingpian) and Moschus (Shexiang), and blow into the urethra using a feather tube.
Obstruction of both urine and feces, nearly dying after a month: *Pujifang*: Use seven mole crickets and seven Tucheke (a plant or specific part, context implies association with mole cricket treatment), using the head for men and the body for women. Decoct the bark of Southern Chuk (Xiangpi) and drink the juice; one dose yields miraculous effects. Instill, and it exits upon swallowing. (*Yannian Fang*)
Umbilical wind with discharge: Equal parts mole cricket and Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), roast and grind into powder. Apply externally. (*Zonglu*)
Toothache: One mole cricket, wrap in old lees, cover with wet paper, roast until charred, remove lees, grind into powder, and apply; pain stops immediately. (*Ben Shi Fang*)
Tight lip fissures and pain: Burn mole crickets to ash, apply externally. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Ear blockage treating deafness: 5 qian of mole crickets, 5 qian of Squama Manis (Chuanshanjia, prepared), and a small amount of Moschus (Shexiang). Grind into powder, form pills with scallion juice, and insert into the ear. Use nasal medicine externally for immediate patency. (*Pujifang*)
Neck lymphadenopathy (Luoli): Use seven mole crickets with shells. Extract meat raw. Place seven grains of Cardamomi Fructus (Dingxiang) inside the shell, burn, then grind together with the meat. Apply with paper flowers. (*Jiuji Fang*)
Arrowhead embedded in flesh: Crush mole crickets to extract juice, drip onto the wound. After three to five applications, the arrowhead will emerge spontaneously. (*Qianjin Fang*) Needle stuck and cannot be removed: Same method.
Accidental swallowing of hooks or thread: Mole crickets, remove the body, swallow several heads. Do not let the patient know. (*Shenghui Fang*)