（《唐本草》）
【集解】时珍曰∶上古杀青书竹帛，至蒙恬以兔毫作笔，后世复以羊、鼠诸毛为之，惟
兔毫入药用。
笔头灰
【气味】微寒，无毒。
【主治】水服，治小便不通，小便数难淋沥，阴肿脱肛，中恶（《唐本》）。酒服二钱，
治男子交婚之夕茎萎（《药性》）。酒服二钱，治难产。浆饮服二钱，治咽喉痛，不下饮食（时
珍。出《范汪方》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶笔不用新而用败者，取其沾濡胶墨也。胶墨能利小便、胎产故耳。
【附方】旧二，新二。
小便不通∶数而微肿∶用陈久笔头一枚烧灰，水服。（《外台》）
心痛不止∶败笔头三个烧灰，无根水服，立效。（《经验方》）
难产催生∶《胜金方》圣妙寸金散∶用败笔头一枚烧灰研，生藕汁一盏调下，立产。若
母虚弱及素有冷疾者，温汁服之。
陆氏治难产第一方∶用兔毫笔头三个烧灰，金箔三片，以蜡和丸，酒服。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶山獭出广之宜州 峒及南丹州，土人号为插翘。其性淫毒，山中有此
物，凡牝兽皆避去，獭无偶则抱木而枯。瑶女春时成群入山，以采物为事。獭闻妇人气，必
跃来抱之，次骨而入，牢不可脱，因扼杀之。负归，取其阴一枚，直金一两，若得抱木死者
尤奇贵。峒獠甚珍重之，私货出界者罪至死。然本地亦不常有，方士多以鼠璞、猴胎伪之。
试之之法，但令妇人摩手极热，取置掌心，以气呵之，即 然而动，盖为阴气所感故也。此
说出范石湖《虞衡志》、周草窗《齐东野语》中，而不载其形状，亦缺文也。
阴茎
【气味】甘，热，无毒。
【主治】阳虚阴痿，精寒而清者，酒磨少许服之。獠人以为补助要药（时珍）。
骨
【主治】解药箭毒，研少许敷之，立消（时珍）。
（出自《唐本草》）
【集解】李时珍说：上古时代用毛笔在竹简和丝帛上书写，到了蒙恬时期用兔毛制作笔头，后世又改用羊、鼠等动物的毛发制作，只有兔毫被用于药用。
笔头灰
【气味】性质微寒，无毒。
【主治】用水送服，可治疗小便不通畅、尿频且排尿困难呈滴沥状、阴部肿胀及脱肛、中恶邪之气（出自《唐本草》）。用酒送服二钱，可治疗男子性交时阴茎萎软无力（出自《药性论》）。用酒送服二钱，可治疗难产。用米汤或浆水送服二钱，可治疗咽喉疼痛、无法进食饮水（李时珍引自《范汪方》）。
【发明】李时珍说：毛笔不用新的而用旧的（败笔），是因为它沾濡了胶墨的缘故。胶墨能够通利小便、促进胎产，所以有此功效。
【附方】旧方两条，新方两条。
小便不通：小便频数且身体轻微浮肿：取存放已久的笔头一枚烧成灰，用水送服。（出自《外台秘要》）
心痛不止：取三个败笔头烧成灰，用无根水（如雨水、露水）送服，立即见效。（出自《经验方》）
难产催生：《胜金方》中的圣妙寸金散：取一枚败笔头烧成灰并研细，用一盏生藕汁调服，立即分娩。如果产妇体质虚弱或有素有寒疾者，用温热的汁液送服。
陆氏治疗难产的第一方：取三个兔毫笔头烧成灰，加三片金箔，用蜡调和制成丸剂，用酒送服。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：山獭出产于广西宜州峒及南丹州，当地人称之为“插翘”。它的性情淫乱且有毒，山中若有此物，所有雌性野兽都会避开。山獭如果没有配偶，就会抱着树木直至枯死。瑶族女子在春天成群进山，以采集物品为事。山獭闻到妇女的气息，一定会跳过来抱住她们，随即深入骨缝之中，牢固得无法挣脱，从而扼杀妇女。山獭将尸体背回，取其生殖器一枚，价值一两黄金；如果是抱着树而死的山獭，其生殖器尤其珍贵奇特。当地少数民族非常珍视它，私自贩卖出境者罪至死刑。然而本地也不常出现，方士多以鼠璞、猴胎来伪造。
测试的方法是：让妇人把手搓得极热，将其放在掌心，用气息呵在上面，它就会颤动，这是因为受到阴气感应的原因。这种说法出自范成大《虞衡志》、周密《齐东野语》，但没有记载其形状，也是文献的缺失。
阴茎
【气味】味甘，性热，无毒。
【主治】阳气虚弱导致的阳痿、精液寒冷清稀者，用酒磨少许服用。当地少数民族将其作为补益助阳的重要药物（李时珍）。
骨
【主治】解除药箭中毒，研磨少许敷于患处，立即消散（李时珍）。
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: In ancient times, writing brushes were used to inscribe bamboo slips and silk. During the time of Meng Tian, rabbit hair was used to make brush heads. Later generations used wool from sheep, rats, and other animals, but only rabbit hair is used for medicinal purposes.
Ash of Brush Heads
[Flavor and Properties] Slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Taken with water, it treats urinary retention, frequent urination with difficult and dribbling flow, swelling of the genitals, rectal prolapse, and sudden attack by evil pathogens (from *Tang Bencao*). Taken with wine in a dose of 2 qian, it treats penile flaccidity during sexual intercourse in men (from *Yaoxing Lun*). Taken with wine in a dose of 2 qian, it treats difficult labor. Taken with rice wash or thick liquid in a dose of 2 qian, it treats sore throat and inability to swallow food or drink (Li Shizhen, citing *Fan Wang Fang*).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Brushes are not new but old ("defeated" brushes) because they have absorbed glue and ink. The glue and ink can promote urination and facilitate childbirth, which is why this effect exists.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old prescriptions, two new prescriptions.
Urinary Retention: Frequent urination with slight swelling: Burn one old brush head to ash and take with water (from *Waitai Miyao*).
Unceasing Heart Pain: Burn three defeated brush heads to ash and take with "rootless water" (such as rain or dew) for immediate effect (from *Jingyan Fang*).
Difficult Labor and Induction: *Shengjin Fang*'s Shengmiao Cunjin San: Burn one defeated brush head to ash, grind it, and mix with one cup of fresh lotus root juice to take; delivery occurs immediately. If the mother is weak or has chronic cold conditions, take with warm liquid.
Lu's First Prescription for Difficult Labor: Burn three rabbit-hair brush heads to ash, add three pieces of gold foil, mix with wax to form pills, and take with wine.
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: The mountain otter (*Shanta*) is found in the Dong regions of Yizhou and Nandan Prefecture in Guangxi. Locals call it "Cha Qiao". Its nature is lewd and toxic. If this animal is present in the mountains, all female beasts avoid it. If an otter has no mate, it embraces a tree until it dies. Yao women enter the mountains in groups during spring to gather items. Upon smelling the scent of women, the otter will leap and embrace them, penetrating deeply into the bones, holding on so firmly that it cannot be detached, thereby strangling them. It carries the corpse back, taking one genital organ, which is worth one tael of gold. If obtained from an otter that died embracing a tree, it is exceptionally rare and precious. The local Dong people value it highly; those who secretly sell it across borders face the death penalty. However, it is not common even locally, and alchemists often counterfeit it with rat paws or monkey fetuses.
The method to test it is: Have a woman rub her hands until extremely hot, place the object in her palm, and breathe upon it. It will tremble due to being affected by yin qi. This account appears in Fan Chengda's *Yu Heng Zhi* and Zhou Mi's *Qi Dong Ye Yu*, but lacks description of its shape, representing a gap in the literature.
Penis
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, hot, non-toxic.
[Indications] For yang deficiency leading to impotence, and cold, clear semen, grind a small amount in wine and take. Local minorities consider it an important herb for tonifying and assisting yang (Li Shizhen).
Bone
[Indications] To resolve poison from medicated arrows, grind a small amount and apply topically for immediate resolution (Li Shizhen).