（《本经》上品）
【气味】辛，温，无毒。志曰∶天麻，辛、平，无毒。大明曰∶甘，暖。权曰∶赤箭
芝，一名天麻。味甘，平，无毒。好古曰∶苦，平，阴中之阳也。
【主治】杀鬼精物，蛊毒恶气。久服益气力，长阴肥健，轻身增年（《本经》）。消痈肿，
下支满，寒疝下血（《别录
强筋力。久服益气，轻身长年（《开宝》）。治冷气 痹，摊缓不随，语多恍惚，善惊失志
（甄权）。助阳气，补五劳七伤，鬼疰，通血脉，开窍。服食无忌。（大明）治风虚眩运头痛
（元素）。
【发明】杲曰∶肝虚不足者，宜天麻、芎 以补之。其用有四∶疗大人风热头痛，
小儿风痫惊悸，诸风麻痹不仁，风热语言不遂。时珍曰∶天麻，乃肝经气分之药。《素问》
云∶诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。故天麻入厥阴之经而治诸病。按∶罗天益云∶眼黑头旋，风虚内
作，非天麻不能治。天麻乃定风草，故为治风之神药。今有久服天麻药，遍身发出红丹者，
是其祛风之验也。宗 曰∶天麻，须别药相佐使，然后见其功，仍须加而用之。人或蜜渍为
果，或蒸煮食，当深思则得矣。
【附方】新二。
天麻丸∶消风化痰，清利头目，宽胸利膈。治心忪烦闷，头晕欲倒，项急，肩背拘倦，
神
二两。为末，炼蜜丸如芡子大。每食后嚼一丸，茶、酒任下。（《普济方》）腰脚疼痛∶天麻
、半夏、细辛各二两。绢袋二个，各盛药令匀，蒸热，交互熨痛处。汗出则愈。数日再熨。
（《卫生易简方》）还筒子
【主治】定风补虚，功同天麻（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
益气固精∶补血，黑发，益寿，有奇效。还筒子半两，芡实半两，金银花二两，破故纸
（酒浸，春三、夏一、秋二，冬五日，焙，研末）二两。各研末，蜜糊丸梧子大。每服五十
丸，空心盐汤
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【气味】辛味，性温，无毒。苏颂说：天麻，辛味，性平，无毒。寇宗奭说：甘味，性暖。李珣说：赤箭芝，又名天麻。味甘，性平，无毒。好古说：苦味，性平，属于阴中之阳。
【主治】驱除鬼魅精怪之物、蛊毒及恶气。长期服用可益气力，促进阴部生长并增强体质，使身体轻盈并延年益寿（出自《神农本草经》）。消除痈肿，缓解下肢胀满感，治疗寒疝及下血（出自《名医别录》）。增强筋骨力量。长期服用可益气，使身体轻盈并延长寿命（出自《开宝本草》）。治疗冷气痹痛、肢体瘫痪麻木不遂、言语错乱恍惚、易受惊吓且意志丧失（出自甄权）。辅助阳气，补益五劳七伤，治疗鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性疾病），疏通血脉，开通窍道。服用时无禁忌（出自寇宗奭）。治疗因风虚引起的眩晕头痛（出自张元素）。
【发明】杲（王好古）说：肝血不足者，适宜用天麻、川芎来补益。天麻的功效有四个方面：治疗成人风热头痛，小儿风痫惊悸，各种风邪导致的麻痹不仁，以及风热引起的言语不利。李时珍说：天麻，是入肝经气分的药物。《素问》中说：“各种风病引起的震颤眩晕，都归属于肝。”因此天麻进入厥阴肝经而治疗各类风病。据罗天益记载：眼睛发黑、头晕旋转，是由于内风虚作所致，非天麻不能治愈。天麻被称为“定风草”，所以是治疗风病的特效药。现在有人长期服用天麻后，全身发出红色斑疹，这正是其祛风作用的验证。宗（可能是指某位医家，原文此处可能有缺字或简称）说：天麻必须与其他药物配合使用作为佐使药，才能显现其功效，并且需要增加用量来使用。有人将天麻用蜜渍制成果品，或者蒸煮食用，应当深思其中的道理才能得其真谛。
【附方】新增两个。
天麻丸：祛风化痰，清利头目，宽胸利膈。治疗心慌烦闷，头晕欲倒，颈部僵硬，肩背拘急疲倦，神志不安。取天麻二两，研为细末，用炼蜜制成如芡实大小的丸剂。每次饭后嚼服一丸，茶或酒送下均可（出自《普济方》）。腰脚疼痛：取天麻、半夏、细辛各二两。准备两个绢袋，分别装入药物使其均匀，蒸热后交替熨烫疼痛部位。出汗后即可痊愈。数日后再次熨烫。（出自《卫生易简方》）还筒子
【附方】新增一个。
益气固精：补血，黑发，益寿，有奇效。取还筒子半两，芡实半两，金银花二两，破故纸（用酒浸泡，春季三天、夏季一天、秋季两天、冬季五天，焙干后研成粉末）二两。分别研成粉末，用蜂蜜调糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五十丸，空腹时用盐汤送服。
(Registered as a Superior Grade herb in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
[Properties and Flavors] Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic. Su Song stated: Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome), Acrid, Neutral, Non-toxic. Kou Zongshi stated: Sweet, Warm. Li Xun stated: Chijianzhi (Red Arrow Mushroom), also known as Tianma. Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic. Hao Gu stated: Bitter, Neutral, Yang within Yin.
[Indications] Eliminates malevolent spirits, gu poison, and evil qi. Long-term consumption benefits vital energy, promotes genital growth and physical robustness, lightens the body, and extends longevity (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Reduces carbuncles and swelling, alleviates lower limb fullness, treats cold hernia and lower bleeding (*Mingyi Bielu*). Strengthens sinews and bones. Long-term consumption benefits vital energy, lightens the body, and prolongs life (*Kaibao Bencao*). Treats cold qi bi syndrome, paralysis and numbness with loss of movement, erratic speech, susceptibility to fright, and loss of willpower (Zhen Quan). Assists yang qi, tonifies five exhaustions and seven injuries, treats gui zhu (a chronic wasting disease attributed to ghosts), unblocks blood vessels, and opens orifices. No dietary restrictions during consumption (Kou Zongshi). Treats dizziness and headache caused by wind deficiency (Zhang Yuansu).
[Analysis and Commentary] Hao Gu stated: For liver blood deficiency, Tianma and Xiongqiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) are suitable for tonification. Its uses are fourfold: treating adult wind-heat headache, pediatric wind-phlegm epilepsy and palpitations, various wind-induced numbness and anesthesia, and wind-heat causing speech impediments. Li Shizhen stated: Tianma is an herb entering the Qi aspect of the Liver Meridian. The *Suwen* states: "All wind diseases characterized by tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver." Therefore, Tianma enters the Jueyin Liver Meridian to treat various wind diseases. According to Luo Tianyi: Blackout vision and vertigo arise from internal wind deficiency; only Tianma can treat this. Tianma is called the "Wind-Calming Herb," thus it is a divine medicine for treating wind disorders. Currently, some individuals who consume Tianma long-term develop red rashes all over their bodies, which verifies its wind-dispelling efficacy. Zong stated: Tianma must be used in conjunction with other herbs as assistants or guides to manifest its effects, and dosage should be increased appropriately. Some people preserve Tianma in honey as a fruit or steam and boil it for food; one must ponder deeply to understand its proper application.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Tianma Wan (Gastrodia Pill): Dispels wind and resolves phlegm, clears and benefits the head and eyes, broadens the chest and facilitates the diaphragm. Treats heart palpitations and restlessness, sensation of falling due to dizziness, neck stiffness, shoulder and back tension and fatigue, and mental unrest. Take 2 liang of Tianma, grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of Euryale seeds. Chew one pill after each meal, taken down with tea or wine as preferred (*Puji Fang*). Lower back and leg pain: Take 2 liang each of Tianma, Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), and Xixin (Asarum Root). Prepare two silk bags, distribute the herbs evenly between them, steam until hot, and apply alternately to the painful areas. Recovery occurs upon sweating. Repeat application after several days (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*). Huantongzi
[Indications] Calms wind and tonifies deficiency; efficacy is similar to Tianma (Commentary by Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Tonify Vital Energy and Secure Essence: Benefits blood, darkens hair, promotes longevity, with miraculous effects. Take 0.5 liang of Huantongzi, 0.5 liang of Qianshi (Euryale Seed), 2 liang of Jinyinhua (Honeysuckle Flower), and 2 liang of Pogostemonis Herba (Guozhi, soaked in wine: spring 3 days, summer 1 day, autumn 2 days, winter 5 days, then dried and ground into powder). Grind each ingredient into powder separately, bind with honey paste to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 50 pills per dose, administered on an empty stomach with salted water.