（《海药》）
【校正】自玉石部移入此。
【释名】海扇。
时珍∶按《韵会》云∶车渠，海中大贝也。背上垄纹如车轮之渠，故名。车沟曰渠。刘
绩《霏雪录》云∶海扇，海中甲物也。其形如扇，背纹如瓦屋。三月三日潮尽乃出。《
谓之牟婆洛揭拉婆。
【集解】李 曰∶
一也。
时珍曰∶车渠，大蛤也。大者长二三尺，阔尺许，浓二三寸。壳外沟垄如蚶壳而深大，
皆纵纹如瓦沟，无横纹也。壳内白皙如玉。亦不甚贵
云玉中亦有车渠，而此蛤似之故也。沈存中《笔谈》
以作器，致如白玉。杨慎《丹铅录》云∶车渠作杯，注酒满过一分不溢。试之果然。
壳
【气味】甘、咸，大寒，无毒。
【主治】安神镇宅，解诸毒药及虫螫。同玳瑁等分，磨人乳服之，极验（ ）。
【发明】时珍曰∶车渠，盖瓦垄之大者，故其功用亦相仿佛。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】贝齿（《别录》）、白贝（《日华》）
时珍曰∶贝字象形。其中二点，象其齿刻。其下二点，象其垂尾。古者货贝而宝龟，用
为交易，以二为朋。今独云南用之，呼为海 。以一为庄，四庄为手，四手为苗，五苗为索。
颂曰∶贝腹下洁白，有刻如鱼齿，故曰贝齿。
【集解】《别录》曰∶贝子生东海池泽。采无时。
弘景曰∶出南海。此是小小白贝子，人以饰军容服物者。
曰∶云南极多，用为钱货交易。
颂曰∶贝子，贝类之最小者。亦若蜗状，长寸许。色微白赤，有深紫黑者。今多穿与小
儿戏弄，北人用缀衣及毡帽为饰，剃头家用以饰鉴，画家用以砑物。
时珍曰∶贝子，小白贝也。大
两开相向，有齿刻如鱼齿，其中肉如蝌蚪，而有首尾。故魏子才《六书精蕴》云∶贝，介虫
也。背穹而浑，以象天之阳。腹平而拆
曰（音标），在水曰
白纹
曰余
（音责）。又古有相贝经甚详。其文
三代之贞瑞，灵奇之秘宝。其次则盈
青地绿纹，谓之绶贝。黑纹黄画，谓
虫。虽不能延龄增寿，其御害一也。复有下此者，鹰喙蝉脊，但逐湿去水，无奇功也。贝之
大者如轮，可以明目。南海贝如珠砾白驳，性寒味甘，可止水毒。浮贝使人寡，勿近妇人，
黑白各半是也。濯贝使人善惊，勿
是也。 贝使人
贝使童子愚，女人淫，有青唇赤鼻是也。碧贝使人盗，脊上有缕勾唇，雨则重，霁则轻是也
。委贝使人志强夜行能伏鬼魅百兽，赤而中圆，雨则轻，霁则重，是也。
【修治】 曰∶凡入药，烧过
曰∶凡使，勿用花虫壳，真相似，只是无效。贝子
以清酒淘，研。
【气味】咸，平，有毒。
【主治】目翳，五癃，利水道，鬼疰蛊毒，腹痛下血（《本经》）。
温疰寒热，解肌，散结热（《别录》）。烧研，点目去翳（弘景），伤寒狂热
下水气浮肿，小儿疳蚀吐乳（李 ）。治鼻渊出脓血，下痢，男子阴疮，解漏脯、面
诸毒，射罔毒，药箭毒（时珍）。
【附方】旧三，新六。
目花翳痛∶贝子一两，烧研如面，入龙脑少许点之。若有息肉，加真珠末等分。（《千
金》）
鼻渊脓血∶贝子烧研。每生酒服二钱，日三服。
二便关格∶不通闷胀，二三日则杀人。以贝齿三枚，甘遂二铢，为末，浆水和服，须臾
即通也。（《肘后方》）
小便不通∶白海 一对，生一个，烧一个，
下疳阴疮∶白海 三个， 红研末，搽之。（《简便单方》）
食物中毒∶孙真人∶贝子一枚，含之自吐。《圣惠方》∶治漏脯毒，面 毒，及射罔在诸
肉
中射罔毒∶方同上。
药箭镞毒∶贝齿烧研，水服三钱，日三服。（《千金方》）
【校正】从玉石部移入此部。
【释名】海扇。
李时珍说：查阅《韵会》记载：车渠，是海中大型贝壳。背部隆起的纹路像车轮的沟槽，因此得名。车的沟槽称为渠。刘绩在《霏雪录》中说：海扇，是海中的甲壳类生物。形状像扇子，背上的纹路像瓦屋。三月三日潮水退去时才出现。[原文此处有缺漏或异文，依上下文意译] 被称为牟婆洛揭拉婆。
【集解】李（蜚）说：
是一类的。
李时珍说：车渠，是大蛤蜊。大的长二三尺，宽一尺左右，厚二三寸。壳外的沟垄像蚶壳那样深大，都是纵向纹路像瓦沟，没有横向纹路。壳内白皙如玉。也不怎么贵重。
[苏颂]说玉中也有车渠，而这种蛤蜊相似的缘故。沈括《笔谈》
用它制作器皿，质地如同白玉。杨慎《丹铅录》说：用车渠制作酒杯，注酒满过一分也不会溢出。试验确实如此。
壳
【气味】甘、咸，大寒，无毒。
【主治】安神镇宅，解除各种毒药及虫蛇咬伤。与玳瑁等分，磨入人乳服用，效果极佳（）。
【发明】李时珍说：车渠，大概是瓦垄（一种贝类）中较大的种类，所以它的功效也大致相似。
（《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】贝齿（《名医别录》）、白贝（《日华子本草》）
李时珍说：“贝”字是象形字。其中两点，象征其牙齿刻痕。其下两点，象征其垂下的尾部。古代以贝为货币，以龟为宝物，用于交易，以两枚为一朋。现在只有云南使用它，称之为海[钱/贝]。一枚为一庄，四庄为一手，四手为一苗，五苗为一索。
苏颂说：贝腹下洁白，有刻痕如鱼齿，所以叫贝齿。
【集解】《名医别录》说：贝子生长在东海池泽。采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：出产于南海。这是很小的白色贝子，人们用来装饰军容服饰物品。
[某医家]说：云南极多，用作钱币货币交易。
苏颂说：贝子，是贝类中最小的。也像蜗牛形状，长约一寸。颜色微白带红，有深紫黑色的。现在多穿起来给小孩玩耍，北方人用来缀饰衣服和毡帽作为装饰，剃头匠用来装饰镜子，画家用来压平物体。
李时珍说：贝子，是小白色贝类。大[者]两开相对，有齿刻如鱼齿，其中的肉像蝌蚪，而有头尾。所以魏子才《六书精蕴》说：贝，介壳虫类。背穹起而浑圆，以象征天的阳。腹平而裂
曰（音标），在水中曰
白纹
曰余
（音责）。又古代有相贝经非常详细。其文
是三代的贞瑞，灵奇的秘宝。其次则盈
青地绿纹，称为绶贝。黑纹黄画，谓
虫。虽然不能延年益寿，但其御害作用是一样的。另有低于此等的，鹰喙蝉脊，只能祛湿利水，没有奇功。贝之
大的如轮，可以明目。南海贝如珠砾白驳，性寒味甘，可止水土毒。浮贝使人寡[欲/情]，勿近妇人，
黑白各半是也。濯贝使人善惊，勿
是也。 贝使童
子愚，女人淫，有青唇赤鼻是也。碧贝使人盗，脊上有缕勾唇，雨则重，晴则轻是也
。委贝使人志强夜行能伏鬼魅百兽，赤而中圆，雨则轻，晴则重，是也。
【修治】 [某医家]说：凡是入药，烧过后
[某医家]说：凡使用，不要用花虫壳，真假相似，只是无效。贝子
用清酒淘洗，研磨。
【气味】咸，平，有毒。
【主治】目翳，五癃，通利水道，鬼疰蛊毒，腹痛下血（《神农本草经》）。
温疰寒热，解肌，散结热（《名医别录》）。烧研，点眼去翳（陶弘景），伤寒狂热
下水气浮肿，小儿疳蚀吐乳（李蜚）。治鼻渊出脓血，下痢，男子阴疮，解漏脯、面
诸毒，射罔毒，药箭毒（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方三首，新方六首。
目花翳痛：贝子一两，烧研如面粉状，加入少许龙脑点眼。若有息肉，加真珠末等分。（《千金方》）
鼻渊脓血：贝子烧研。每次用生酒服二钱，每日三次。
二便关格：不通闷胀，二三天则杀人。用贝齿三枚，甘遂二铢，研为末，浆水和服，片刻即通。（《肘后备急方》）
小便不通：白海[贝]一对，生一个，烧一个，
下疳阴疮：白海[贝]三个，[某物]红研末，搽之。（《简便单方》）
食物中毒：孙真人：贝子一枚，含之自吐。《圣惠方》：治漏脯毒，面[毒]，及射罔在诸
肉
中射罔毒：方同上。
药箭镞毒：贝齿烧研，水服三钱，每日三次。（《千金方》）
[Correction] Transferred from the Mineral Section to this section.
[Names] Sea fan (Hai Shan).
Li Shizhen states: According to *Yunhui*, Chequ is a large shellfish of the sea. The raised ridges on its back resemble the grooves of a chariot wheel, hence the name. The groove of a chariot is called Qu. Liu Ji in *Feixue Lu* says: Sea fan is a shelled creature of the sea. Its shape resembles a fan, and the patterns on its back resemble tiled roofs. It emerges when the tide recedes on the third day of the third lunar month. [Text missing/garbled here] It is called Mopolajialapuo.
[Collected Explanations] Li Fei says:
It is of one kind.
Li Shizhen says: Chequ is a large clam. The large ones are two or three chi long, about one chi wide, and two or three cun thick. The grooves and ridges outside the shell are deep and large like those of an ark shell, with longitudinal patterns resembling tile grooves, without transverse patterns. The inside of the shell is white and lustrous like jade. It is not very expensive.
Su Song says: There is also Chequ in jade, and this clam resembles it. Shen Kuo in *Bi Tan*
uses it to make vessels, with a texture like white jade. Yang Shen in *Danqian Lu* says: Cups made of Chequ, when filled with wine beyond a certain measure, do not overflow. Testing confirms this.
Shell
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, salty, very cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Calms the spirit and stabilizes the dwelling; resolves various poisons and insect stings/bites. Mixed in equal parts with Eryngii Concha (Haimao), ground into human milk and taken orally, it is extremely effective ().
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: Chequ is likely a larger species of Valvata (Walong), so its functions are similar.
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Lower Grade)
[Names] Beichi (Mingyi Bielu), Baibei (Rihua Bencao)
Li Shizhen says: The character "Bei" is pictographic. The two dots in the middle represent its tooth-like carvings. The two dots below represent its hanging tail. In ancient times, shells were used as currency and tortoise shells as treasures for transactions, with two shells forming a "peng". Now only Yunnan uses them, calling them Hai []. One unit is a "zhuang", four zhuang form a "shou", four shou form a "miao", and five miao form a "suo".
Su Song says: The underside of Bei is white and clean, with carvings like fish teeth, hence the name Beichi.
[Collected Explanations] Mingyi Bielu says: Beizi grows in the pools and marshes of the East Sea. It can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing says: It comes from the South Sea. These are small white Beizi, which people use to decorate military uniforms and other items.
[] says: They are extremely abundant in Yunnan and used as currency for trade.
Su Song says: Beizi is the smallest of the shellfish. It also resembles a snail, about one cun long. The color is slightly white with red tints, and there are dark purple-black varieties. Nowadays, they are often strung together for children to play with. People in the North use them to embellish clothes and felt hats. Barbers use them to polish mirrors, and painters use them to burnish objects.
Li Shizhen says: Beizi is a small white shell. Large [ones] open facing each other, with tooth-like carvings like fish teeth. The flesh inside resembles a tadpole, with a head and tail. Thus, Wei Zicai in *Liushu Jingyun* says: Bei is a shelled insect. The back is convex and round, symbolizing the Yang of Heaven. The belly is flat and split
called (phonetic), in water called
white pattern
called Yu
(zhi sound). Also, there was an ancient text *Xiangbei Jing* that was very detailed. Its text
was the auspicious omen of the Three Dynasties, a secret treasure of spiritual wonder. Next is Ying
green ground with green patterns, called Shoubei. Black patterns with yellow drawings, called
insect. Although it cannot extend life and increase longevity, its function in warding off harm is the same. There are those inferior to this, such as Eagle Beak and Cicada Spine, which only dispel dampness and promote urination, without miraculous effects. The large
Beis are like wheels and can brighten the eyes. Nanhai Beis resemble pearls and gravel with white patches, are cold in nature and sweet in flavor, and can stop water-dampness toxicity. Fu Bei makes people less [desirous], avoid close contact with women,
those with half black and half white are so. Zhuo Bei makes people prone to fright, avoid
those are so. Bei makes chil-
dren foolish and women licentious; those with green lips and red noses are so. Bi Bei makes people thieves; those with threads on the spine and hooked lips are heavy when raining and light when clear are so.
Wei Bei makes people strong-willed, able to walk at night and subdue ghosts, demons, and beasts; those that are red and round in the middle are light when raining and heavy when clear are so.
[Processing] [] says: For medicinal use, calcine over fire.
[] says: When using, do not use flower-insect shells; they look similar but are ineffective. Beizi
wash with clear wine, then grind.
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, neutral, toxic.
[Indications] Leucoma (cataracts/opacities), five types of strangury, promotes urinary flow, treats Gui Zhu (wandering pestilence) and Gu poison, abdominal pain with bloody stool (Shennong Bencao Jing).
Treats warm Gui with chills and fever, releases the muscle layer, dissipates nodulated heat (Mingyi Bielu). Calcined and ground, applied to the eyes to remove opacities (Tao Hongjing); treats severe fever in Shanghan (cold damage)
reduces edema due to water qi, treats infant malnutrition with erosion and vomiting of milk (Li Fei). Treats nasal sinusitis with pus and blood, dysentery, male genital ulcers; resolves toxins from spoiled meat, moldy flour,
various poisons, Aconitum ferox poison, and poisoned arrow wounds (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, six new prescriptions.
Flower-like leucoma and eye pain: Beizi 1 liang, calcined and ground into powder, add a little Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnao) to apply to the eyes. If polyps are present, add Talcum (Zhenzhu) powder in equal proportions. (Qianjin Fang)
Nasal sinusitis with pus and blood: Beizi calcined and ground. Take 2 qian with raw wine each time, three times a day.
Obstruction of both urination and defecation: Obstruction causes stifling distension, killing within two to three days. Use three Beichi, Gansui 2 zhu, grind into powder, mix with millet gruel water and take; passage occurs shortly after. (Zhouhou Beiji Fang)
Urinary retention: Two Baihai [], one raw, one calcined,
Genital chancre and sores: Three Baihai [], grind [something] red into powder, apply externally. (Jianbian Danfang)
Food poisoning: Sun Simiao: Hold one Beizi in the mouth to induce vomiting. Shenghui Fang: Treats toxin from spoiled meat, [toxin] from moldy flour, and Aconitum ferox in various
meats
Aconitum ferox poison: Prescription same as above.
Poisoned arrowhead wound: Beichi calcined and ground, take 3 qian with water, three times a day. (Qianjin Fang)