（《日华》）
【释名】山羊蹄（《纲目》）、山大黄（《拾遗》）、 芜（《尔雅》）、酸母（《纲目》）、
（同）、当药。
时珍曰∶ 芜，乃酸模之音转，酸模又酸母之转，皆以味而名，与三叶酸母草同名。掌
禹锡以 芜为蔓菁菜，误矣。
【集解】弘景曰∶一种极似羊蹄而味酸，呼为酸模，根亦疗疥也。
大明曰∶所在有之，生山冈上。状似羊蹄叶而小黄。茎叶俱细。节间生子，若茺蔚子。
藏器曰∶即是山大黄，一名当药。其叶酸美，人亦采食其英。《尔雅》∶须， 芜。
郭璞注云∶似羊蹄而叶细，味酸可食。一名 也。
时珍曰∶平地亦有。根叶花形并同羊蹄，但叶小味酸为异。其根赤黄色。连根叶取汁炼
霜，可制雄、汞。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。时珍曰∶叶酸，根微苦。
【主治】暴热腹胀，生捣汁服，当下利。杀皮肤小虫（藏器）。治疥（弘景）。疗痢乃佳
（保
升）。去汗斑，同紫萍捣擦，数日即没（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
瘭疽毒疮，肉中忽生黯子如粟豆，大者如梅李，或赤或黑，或青或白，其中有核，核有
深根，应心。肿泡紫黑色，能烂筋骨，毒入脏腑杀人∶宜灸黯上百壮。以酸模叶薄其四面，
防其长也。内服葵根汁，其毒自愈。（《千金方》）
【附录】牛舌实 《别录》有名未用曰∶味咸，温，无毒。主轻身益气。生水中泽旁。
实大，叶长尺。五月采实。一名豕首。
器曰∶今东土人呼田水中大叶如牛耳者，为牛耳菜。
时珍曰∶今人呼羊蹄为牛舌菜，恐羊蹄是根，此是其实。否则是羊蹄之生水中者也。
舌
《别录》曰∶味辛，微温，无毒。主霍乱腹痛，吐逆心烦。生水中。五月采之。
弘景曰∶生小小水中。今人五月五日采干，以治霍乱甚良。
蛇舌《别录》有名未用曰∶味酸，平，无毒。主除留血、惊气、蛇痫。生大水之阳。四
月
（引自《日华子本草》）
【释名】山羊蹄（出自《本草纲目》）、山大黄（出自《雷公炮炙论拾遗》）、 芜（出自《尔雅》）、酸母（出自《本草纲目》）、 （同“ ”）、当药。
李时珍说： 芜，是酸模的音转，酸模又是酸母的音转，都是根据味道来命名的，与三叶酸的酸模草同名。掌禹锡将 芜认为是蔓菁菜，这是错误的。
【集解】陶弘景说：有一种极像羊蹄但味道酸的东西，称为酸模，其根也能治疗疥疮。
孟昶（大明）说：各地都有生长，生于山冈之上。形状像羊蹄叶但较小且黄。茎和叶都很细。节间结子，像茺蔚子一样。
陈藏器说：这就是山大黄，又名当药。它的叶子酸美，人们也采摘它的花蕾食用。《尔雅》记载：须，即 芜。郭璞注释说：像羊蹄但叶子细小，味道酸可以食用。又名 。
李时珍说：平地上也有生长。根、叶、花形都与羊蹄相同，只是叶子小、味道酸为不同之处。其根呈赤黄色。连根叶取汁炼制霜状物，可以用来制伏雄黄和水银。
【主治】突发热盛导致的腹部胀满，生捣取汁服用，可引发腹泻从而排出病邪。杀死皮肤上的小虫（陈藏器）。治疗疥疮（陶弘景）。治疗痢疾效果很好（寇宗奭）。去除汗斑，与紫萍一起捣碎擦拭，几天后就会消失（李时珍）。
【附方】新收录一方。
瘭疽毒疮，肉中忽然生出暗色斑点如粟豆大小，大的如梅李，颜色或红或黑，或青或白，其中有一个核，核有深根，触动心脏般疼痛。肿胀起泡呈紫黑色，能腐烂筋骨，毒气侵入脏腑会致人死亡：适宜在暗斑上灸上百壮艾炷。用酸模叶贴在暗斑四周，以防止其扩散。内服葵根汁，毒疮自然痊愈。（出自《千金方》）
【附录】牛舌实 《神农本草经别录》中有名未用的条目说：味咸，性温，无毒。主要功效为轻身益气。生长在水边沼泽旁。果实大，叶子长达一尺。五月采集果实。又名豕首。
陈藏器说：现在东方地区的人称呼田水中叶子大如牛耳的植物为牛耳菜。
李时珍说：现在人称呼羊蹄为牛舌菜，恐怕羊蹄是指根部，而这里指的是它的果实。否则就是生长在水中的羊蹄品种。
舌 《别录》说：味辛，微温，无毒。主治霍乱腹痛，呕吐逆反心烦。生长在水中。五月采集。
陶弘景说：生长在较小的水域中。现在人在五月五日采集晒干，用来治疗霍乱非常有效。
蛇舌 《神农本草经别录》中有名未用的条目说：味酸，性平，无毒。主要功效为去除瘀血、惊气、蛇痫。生长在大水之北岸。四月……
(Cited from *Ri Hua Ben Cao*)
[Names] Shan Yang Ti (Goat's Hoof) (*Ben Cao Gang Mu*), Shan Da Huang (Mountain Rhubarb) (*Shi Yi*), Tu Mo (*Er Ya*), Suan Mu (Sour Mother) (*Ben Cao Gang Mu*), [Character missing], Dang Yao.
Li Shizhen states: "Tu Mo" is a phonetic shift of "Suan Mo," and "Suan Mo" is a phonetic shift of "Suan Mu." All are named after their taste and share the same name as the three-leaf sour sorrel grass. Zhang Yuxi mistakenly identified "Tu Mo" as turnip greens (*Brassica rapa*).
[Collection and Explanation] Tao Hongjing says: There is a plant extremely similar to *Rumex patientia* (Sheep Sorrel) but with a sour taste, called Suan Mo. Its root can also treat scabies.
Meng Chang (Da Ming) says: It grows everywhere, on hillsides. Its shape resembles the leaves of *Rumex patientia* but is smaller and yellowish. The stems and leaves are both slender. Seeds form between the nodes, resembling seeds of *Leonurus japonicus*.
Chen Zangqi says: This is indeed Shan Da Huang, also known as Dang Yao. Its leaves are sour and sweet, and people also harvest its flowers for consumption. *Er Ya* records: Xu, is Tu Mo. Guo Pu's annotation states: Similar to *Rumex patientia* but with fine leaves; sour in taste and edible. Also known as [Character missing].
Li Shizhen says: It also grows in flatlands. The roots, leaves, and flower shapes are identical to *Rumex patientia*, differing only in that the leaves are smaller and the taste is sour. The roots are reddish-yellow. Extracting juice from the whole plant (roots and leaves) and refining it into a frost-like substance can be used to neutralize realgar and mercury.
[Flavor and Properties] Sour, cold, non-toxic. Li Shizhen says: Leaves are sour, roots are slightly bitter.
[Indications] For sudden heat accumulation causing abdominal distension, crush fresh plants to extract juice and ingest; this induces diarrhea to expel pathogens. Kills small insects on the skin (Chen Zangqi). Treats scabies (Tao Hongjing). Effective for treating dysentery (Kou Zongshi). Removes sweat spots; when crushed together with *Lemna minor* and applied externally, they disappear within a few days (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Biao Ju (Acute Carbuncle) toxic sores: Dark spots suddenly appear in the flesh, sized like millet beans or plums. Colors may be red, black, green, or white. There is a core within, with deep roots causing pain radiating to the heart. Swelling blisters are purple-black, capable of rotting muscles and bones, and if toxins enter the zang-fu organs, they can cause death. Suitable treatment involves moxibustion on the dark spot with over one hundred moxa cones. Place thin slices of Suan Mo leaves around the four sides of the lesion to prevent spread. Internally administer juice from *Abelmoschus manihot* (Okra) roots; the toxicity will heal itself. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
[Appendix] Niu She Shi (Ox Tongue Fruit)
*Naming Lu* lists an item "named but unused": Salty, warm, non-toxic. Mainly benefits lightening the body and boosting qi. Grows by water marshes. Fruits are large, leaves are one chi long. Harvest fruits in May. Also known as Shi Shou.
Chen Zangqi says: People in the eastern regions now call aquatic plants with large leaves resembling ox ears "Niu Er Cai" (Ox Ear Vegetable).
Li Shizhen says: People now call *Rumex patientia* "Niu She Cai" (Ox Tongue Vegetable). It is likely that "Rumex patientia" refers to the root, whereas this entry refers to its fruit. Otherwise, it refers to the variety of Rumex growing in water.
She She (Snake Tongue)
*Naming Lu* states: Pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic. Mainly treats Hu Luan (cholera-like syndrome) with abdominal pain, vomiting, reflux, and restlessness. Grows in water. Harvest in May.
Tao Hongjing says: Grows in small bodies of water. People now harvest and dry it on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; it is very effective for treating Hu Luan.
She She (Snake Tongue - distinct entry)
*Naming Lu* lists an item "named but unused": Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly removes retained blood, fright qi, and snake epilepsy. Grows on the sunny bank of large waters. April...