石类下四十种
（《本经》中品）
【释名】羊起石（《别录》）、白石（《本经》）、石生《别录》。
时珍曰∶以能命名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶阳起石，生齐山山谷及琅琊或云山、阳起山，云母根也。采无时。
普曰∶生泰山。
弘景曰∶此所出与云母同，而甚似云母，但浓异尔。今用乃出益州，与矾石同处，色小
黄黑。但矾石、云母根未知何者是？俗用乃稀，《仙经》服之。
恭曰∶此石以白色肌理似殷 ，仍夹带云母滋润者为良，故《本经》一名白石；今用纯
黑如炭者，误矣。云母之黑者名云胆，服之损人，则黑阳起石亦必恶矣。今齐山在齐州西北，
无阳起石。石乃在齐山西北六、七里庐山出之。《本经》云山或庐字讹也。泰山、沂州惟有
黑者，白者独出齐州。
曰∶泰山所出黄者绝佳，邢州鹊山出白者亦好。
颂曰∶今惟出齐州，他处不复有。齐州唯一土山，石出其中，彼人谓之阳起山。其山常
有温暖气，虽盛冬大雪遍境，独此山无积白，盖石气熏蒸使然也。山唯一穴，官中常禁闭。
至初冬则州发丁夫，遣人监取。岁月积久，其穴益深， 凿他石，得之甚难。以白色明莹若
野狼牙者为上，亦有挟他石作块者不堪。每岁采择上供之余，州中货之，不尔无由得也。货者
虽多，而精好者亦难得。旧说是云母根，其中犹带云母，今不复见此矣。古方服食不见用者，
今补下药多使之。
时珍曰∶今以云头雨脚轻松如野狼牙者为佳，其铺茸茁角者不佳。《王建平典术》乃云∶
黄白而赤重浓者佳，云母之根也。《庚辛玉册》云∶阳起，阳石也。齐州拣金山出者胜，其
尖似箭镞者力强，如狗牙者力微，置大雪中倏然没者为真。
【修治】大明曰∶凡入药烧后水 用之，凝白者佳。
时珍曰∶凡用火中 赤，酒淬七次，研细水飞过，日干。亦有用烧酒浸过，同樟脑入罐
升炼，取粉用者。
【气味】咸，微温，无毒。普曰∶神农、扁鹊∶酸，无毒；桐君、雷公、岐伯∶咸，无
毒；李当之∶小寒。
权曰∶甘，平。
之才曰∶桑螵蛸为之使，恶泽泻、菌桂、雷丸、石葵、蛇蜕皮，畏菟丝子，忌羊血，不
入汤。
【主治】崩中漏下，破子脏中血，症瘕结气，寒热腹痛，无子，阴痿不起，补不足（《本
经》）。
疗男子茎头寒，阴下湿痒，去臭汗，消水肿。久服不饥，令人有子（《别录》）。补肾气
精乏，腰疼膝冷湿痹，子宫久冷，冷症寒瘕，止月水不定（甄权）。
治带下温疫冷气，补五劳七伤（大明）。补命门不足（好古）。
散诸热肿（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶男子妇人下部虚冷，肾气乏绝，子脏久寒者，须水飞用之。凡石药冷
热皆有毒，亦宜斟酌。
时珍曰∶阳起石，右肾命门气分药也，下焦虚寒者宜用之，然亦非久服之物。张子和《
儒门事亲》云∶喉痹，相火急速之病也。相火，龙火也，宜以火逐之。一男子病缠喉风肿，
表里皆作，药不能下。以凉药灌入鼻中，下十余行。外以阳起石（烧赤）、伏龙肝等分细末，
日以新汲水调扫百遍。三日热始退，肿始消。此亦从治之道也。
【附方】新三。
丹毒肿痒∶阳起石 研，新水调涂。（《儒门事亲》）元气虚寒，精滑不禁，大腑溏泄，
手足厥冷。阳起石（ 研）、钟乳粉各等分，酒煮附子末同面糊丸梧子大，每空心米饮服五
十丸，以愈为度。（《济生方》）
阴痿阴汗 阳起石 为末，每服二钱，盐酒下。（《普济方》）
石类第四十种
（出自《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】羊起石（出自《名医别录》）、白石（出自《神农本草经》）、石生（出自《名医别录》）。
李时珍说：根据它的功效来命名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：阳起石，产于齐山山谷以及琅琊或云山、阳起山，是云母的根部。采集没有固定时间。
苏颂说：产于泰山。
陶弘景说：这种药产出的地方与云母相同，而且非常像云母，只是质地较厚罢了。现在使用的阳起石产自益州，与矾石混在一起，颜色微黄黑。但是矾石和云母根究竟哪一个是真的？民间很少使用，《仙经》中记载服用它。
苏恭说：这种石头以白色肌理像殷红一样，并且夹杂带有云母滋润质地的为优良，所以《神农本草经》称它为白石；现在使用的纯黑如炭的，是错误的。云母中黑色的称为云胆，服用它损害人体，那么黑色的阳起石也一定是有害的。现在的齐山在齐州西北，没有阳起石。石头是在齐山西北六、七里的庐山出产的。《神农本草经》中的“云”字或是“庐”字讹误了。泰山、沂州只有黑色的，白色的唯独产自齐州。
寇宗奭说：泰山出产的黄色的极佳，邢州鹊山出产的白色也很好。
苏颂说：现在只出产于齐州，其他地方不再有了。齐州只有一座土山，石头出产在其中，当地人称之为阳起山。这座山常有温暖的气息，即使在严冬大雪覆盖全境，唯独这座山没有积雪，大概是石气熏蒸的缘故。山上只有一个矿穴，官府经常禁止关闭。到了初冬时节，州里征发民夫，派人监督开采。岁月积累久了，矿穴越来越深，开凿其他石头才能找到它，非常困难。以白色明莹像野狼牙的为上等，也有夹杂其他石头结成块的，不堪使用。每年采摘挑选后进贡剩下的，州里出售它，否则没有办法得到。贩卖的人虽然多，但精好的也难以获得。旧说是云母的根部，其中还夹杂着云母，现在不再见到这种情况了。古方中服食不见使用，现在补下药中多使用它。
李时珍说：现在以云头雨脚轻松像野狼牙的为佳，那些铺茸茁角的不好。《王建平典术》说：黄白而赤重浓的为佳，是云母的根部。《庚辛玉册》说：阳起，是阳石。齐州拣金山出产的最好，其尖端像箭头的作用力强，像狗牙的作用力微弱，放在大雪中突然消失的是真品。
【修治】大明说：凡是入药，烧红后用水淬炼使用，凝结变白的为佳。
李时珍说：凡是用火中烧红，用酒淬炼七次，研细后水飞，晒干。也有用烧酒浸泡过，同樟脑一起放入罐中升炼，取粉使用的。
【气味】咸味，微温，无毒。苏颂说：神农、扁鹊认为：酸味，无毒；桐君、雷公、岐伯认为：咸味，无毒；李当之认为：小寒。
陈藏器说：甘味，平性。
孟诜说：桑螵蛸作为它的引经药，厌恶泽泻、菌桂、雷丸、石葵、蛇蜕皮，畏惧菟丝子，忌食羊血，不入汤剂。
【主治】崩中漏下，破除子宫中的瘀血，症瘕结气，寒热腹痛，不孕，阳痿不起，补不足（出自《神农本草经》）。
治疗男子阴茎头寒冷，阴部潮湿瘙痒，去除臭汗，消除水肿。长期服用不饥饿，使人有子嗣（出自《名医别录》）。补肾气精乏，腰疼膝冷湿痹，子宫久冷，冷症寒瘕，止月经不调（出自甄权）。
治疗带下温疫冷气，补五劳七伤（出自大明）。补命门不足（出自好古）。
消散各种热肿（出自李时珍）。
【发明】张元素说：男子妇人下部虚冷，肾气乏绝，子宫久寒的，必须水飞后使用。凡是石药冷热都有毒，也应该斟酌使用。
李时珍说：阳起石，是右肾命门气分的药物，下焦虚寒者适宜使用，但它也不是能长期服用的东西。张子和《儒门事亲》说：喉痹，是相火急速的病证。相火，就是龙火，适宜用火来驱逐它。一个男子患缠喉风肿胀，表里都发作，药不能咽下。用凉药灌入鼻中，排出十余行。外用阳起石（烧红）、伏龙肝各等分研成细末，每天用新汲水调和涂抹一百遍。三天后热才退，肿才消。这也是从治的方法。
【附方】新收录三方。
丹毒肿痒：阳起石研细，新水调涂。（出自《儒门事亲》）元气虚寒，精滑不禁，大便溏泄，手足厥冷。阳起石（研细）、钟乳粉各等分，酒煮附子末同面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次空腹米饮送服五十丸，以痊愈为度。（出自《济生方》）
阳痿阴汗：阳起石研为末，每次服二钱，盐酒送下。（出自《普济方》）
Stone Category, Item 40
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)
**Names**: Yangqishi (Sheep-Rising Stone) [also known as: Yangqi Shi (from *Mingyi Bielu*); Baishi (White Stone) (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*); Shisheng (Stone Born) (from *Mingyi Bielu*)].
Li Shizhen states: Named according to its efficacy.
**Collection and Description**: *Mingyi Bielu* states: Yangqishi is found in the valleys of Mount Qi, Langya, Yunshan, or Yangqi Mountain; it is the root of Yunmu (Muscovite). It can be harvested at any time.
Su Song states: Found on Mount Tai.
Tao Hongjing states: The origin of this stone is the same as that of Yunmu, and it resembles Yunmu very closely, differing only in thickness. The Yangqishi used today comes from Yizhou, where it is found mixed with Fanshi (Alumen), appearing slightly yellow-black. However, it is unclear which one is Fanshi and which is the root of Yunmu. It is rarely used by the common people but is recorded in *Xianjing* for ingestion.
Su Gong states: This stone is considered superior if its white texture resembles dark red and it contains moist, Yunmu-like inclusions; hence, *Shennong Bencao Jing* calls it Baishi. The pure black ones resembling charcoal currently in use are erroneous. The black variety of Yunmu is called Yundan; since ingesting it harms the human body, black Yangqishi must also be harmful. Mount Qi is located northwest of Qizhou and does not produce Yangqishi. The stone is actually produced in Lushan, six or seven li northwest of Mount Qi. The character "Yun" or "Lu" in *Shennong Bencao Jing* is likely a textual error. Mount Tai and Yizhou only produce black varieties, while the white variety is exclusively produced in Qizhou.
Kou Zongshi states: The yellow variety from Mount Tai is excellent, and the white variety from Queshan in Xingzhou is also good.
Su Song states: Currently, it is only produced in Qizhou and nowhere else. Qizhou has only one earthen mountain where the stone is found, locally called Yangqi Mountain. This mountain often emits warm air; even in deep winter when snow covers the entire region, this mountain remains free of accumulated snow, likely due to the steaming effect of the stone's qi. There is only one mine shaft on the mountain, which is usually sealed off by officials. In early winter, the prefecture conscripts laborers to supervise extraction. Over years, the shaft becomes deeper, making it difficult to extract by chiseling through other stones. The best quality is white, translucent, and resembles wild wolf teeth. Blocks containing other stones are inferior. After annual selection for tribute, the remainder is sold in the prefecture; otherwise, it is unobtainable. Although many vendors exist, high-quality specimens are hard to find. Old theories claim it is the root of Yunmu containing mica, but this is no longer observed. Ancient prescriptions did not use it for ingestion, but modern tonifying formulas frequently employ it.
Li Shizhen states: The best quality today is light and loose, with cloud-head and rain-foot textures resembling wild wolf teeth. Those with dense, horn-like growths are poor. *Wang Jianping Dian Shu* states: Yellow-white, heavy, and thick varieties are good, being the root of Yunmu. *Gengxin Yuce* states: Yangqi is a yang stone. The best comes from Jinshan in Qizhou; those with tips resembling arrowheads have strong potency, while those resembling dog teeth have weak potency. True Yangqishi disappears suddenly when placed in heavy snow.
**Processing**: Daming states: For medicinal use, it should be calcined until red and quenched in water; the condensed white residue is preferred.
Li Shizhen states: Calcine in fire until red, quench in wine seven times, grind into fine powder, wash with water (shui fei), and dry in the sun. Alternatively, soak in distilled liquor, combine with Zhangnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), distill in a jar, and collect the powder.
**Flavor and Toxicity**: Salty, slightly warm, non-toxic. Su Song records: Shennong and Bian Que state: Sour, non-toxic; Tongjun, Leigong, and Qibo state: Salty, non-toxic; Li Dangzhi states: Slightly cold.
Chen Cangqi states: Sweet, neutral.
Meng Shen states: Sangpiaoxiao (Ootheca Mantidis) acts as its guide drug. It is incompatible with Zexie (Alisma Rhizoma), Jungui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Leiwan (Folium Polypori), Shikuai (Lapis Calaminariae), and Shedupi (Ophichthidis Cutis). It fears Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) and avoids Yangxue (Blood of Sheep). It is not used in decoctions.
**Indications**: Metrorrhagia and metrorrhaxis, breaking up blood stasis in the uterus, masses and stagnant qi, abdominal pain with alternating cold and heat, infertility, impotence, and tonifying deficiencies (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treating coldness of the glans penis, damp-itching in the genital area, eliminating foul sweat, and reducing edema. Long-term use prevents hunger and promotes fertility (*Mingyi Bielu*). Tonifies Kidney qi and essence deficiency, lower back pain, cold knees, damp-bi syndrome, chronic uterine cold, cold masses, and irregular menstruation (Zhen Quan).
Treats leukorrhea, cold qi from warm epidemics, and tonifies the five exhaustions and seven injuries (Daming). Tonifies the insufficiency of Mingmen (Hao Gu).
Disperses various heat-induced swellings (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation**: Zhang Yuansu states: For men and women with deficiency-cold in the lower jiao, exhaustion of Kidney qi, and chronic cold in the Zi Zang (uterus), it must be processed by water washing. All mineral drugs, whether cold or hot in nature, possess toxicity and should be used with caution.
Li Shizhen states: Yangqishi is a drug for the qi aspect of the Right Kidney and Mingmen. It is suitable for deficiency-cold of the Lower Jiao, but it is not a substance for long-term consumption. Zhang Hezi’s *Rumen Shiqin* states: Houbi (throat obstruction) is a disease of rapid Xianghuo (Ministerial Fire). Xianghuo is Dragon Fire, which should be driven out by fire. A man suffered from Chanhoufeng (peritonsillar abscess/swelling), affecting both exterior and interior, making oral medication impossible. Cool medicine was instilled into the nose, resulting in more than ten evacuations. Externally, equal parts of Yangqishi (calcined red) and Fulonggan (Dragon’s House Earth) were ground into fine powder and applied daily with fresh well water, rubbed one hundred times. After three days, the heat subsided, and the swelling decreased. This is an example of treating contrary to the apparent symptoms (Congzhi).
**Attached Prescriptions**: Three new prescriptions.
Dan Du (Erysipelas) with swelling and itching: Grind Yangqishi, mix with fresh water, and apply topically (*Rumen Shiqin*).
Yuanqi deficiency-cold, seminal emission without restraint, loose stools, and cold extremities: Equal parts of Yangqishi (ground) and Zhongru Fen (Stalactitum Powder). Mix with powdered Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) boiled in wine and paste made of flour to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take fifty pills on an empty stomach with rice drink, until cured (*Jisheng Fang*).
Impotence and damp sweat in the genital area: Grind Yangqishi into powder. Take two qian each time, washed down with salted wine (*Pujifang*).