（《本经》上品）
【释名】房苑（《吴普》）、梨盖（《本经》）、
恭曰∶根叶似葵花子根，香味似防风，故名防葵。
【集解】《别录》曰∶防葵生临淄川谷，及嵩高、太山、少室。三月三日采根，曝干。
普曰∶茎叶如葵，上黑黄。二月生根，根大如桔梗根，中红白。六月花白，七月、八月
实白。三月采根。
恭曰∶此物亦稀有，襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西方有之。兴州者乃胜南者，为邻蜀地也。
颂曰∶今惟出襄阳地，他郡不闻也。其叶似葵，每茎三叶，一本十数茎，中发一干，其
端开
花，如葱花、景天辈而色白，六月开花即结实。根似防风，香味亦如之，依时采者乃沉水。
今乃用枯朽野狼毒当之，极为谬矣。
时珍曰∶唐时陇西成州贡之。苏颂所说，详明可据。
【正误】弘景曰∶防葵，今用建平者。本与野狼毒同根，犹如三建，其形亦相似，但置水
中不沉尔。而野狼毒陈久者，亦不能沉矣。
曰∶凡使防葵，勿误用野狼毒，缘真相似，而验之有异，效又不同，切须审之，恐误人
疾。其防葵在蔡州沙土中生，采
恭曰∶野狼毒与防葵都不同类，生处亦别。
藏器曰∶二物，一是上品，一是下品，善恶不同，形质又别。陶氏以浮沉为别，后人因
而用之，将以防葵破坚积为下品之物，与野狼毒同功。今古因循，遂无甄别，殊为谬误。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡使须拣去 末，用甘草汤浸一宿，漉出曝干，用黄精自然汁一、二升
拌了，土器中炒至汁尽用。
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶甘、苦。普曰∶神农∶辛、
小寒；桐君、扁鹊∶无毒；岐伯、雷公、黄帝∶辛、苦，无毒。权曰∶有小毒。
【主治】疝瘕肠泄，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆温疟，癫痫惊邪狂走。久服坚骨
髓，益气轻身（《本经》）。疗五脏虚气，小腹支满胪胀，口干，除肾邪，强志。中火者不可
服，令人恍惚见鬼（《别录》）。久服主邪气惊狂（苏恭）。
主 癖气块，膀胱宿水，血气瘤大如碗者，悉能消散。治鬼疟，百邪鬼魅精怪，通气
（甄权）。
【发明】时珍曰∶防葵乃神农上品药，黄帝、岐伯、桐君、雷公、扁鹊、吴普皆言其无
毒；独《别录》言中火者服之，令人恍惚见鬼。陈延之《短剧方》云∶防葵多服，令人迷惑
恍惚如狂。按《难经》云∶重阳者狂，脱阳者见鬼，是岂上品养性所宜乎？是岂寒而无毒者
乎？不然，则《本经》及苏恭所列者，是防葵功用；而《别录》所列者，乃似防葵之野狼毒功
用，非防葵也。野狼毒之乱防葵，其来亦远矣，不可不辨。古方治蛇瘕、鳖瘕大方中，多用防
葵，皆是野狼毒也。
【附方】旧一，新二。
肿满洪大∶防葵研末，温酒服一刀圭，至二、三服，身 及小不仁为效。（《肘后方》）
癫狂邪疾∶方同上。
伤寒动气，伤寒汗下后，脐左有动气∶防葵散∶用防葵一两，木香、黄芩、柴胡各半两。
每服半两，水一盏半，煎八分，温服。（云岐子《保命集》）
【释名】房苑（出自《吴普本草》）、梨盖（出自《神农本草经》）。
陶弘景说：防葵的根和叶子像向日葵子的根，香味像防风，所以名叫防葵。
【集解】《名医别录》说：防葵生长在临淄的河谷地带，以及嵩山、泰山、少室山等地。三月三日采集根部，晒干。
吴普说：茎叶像葵菜，上部呈黑黄色。二月生出根系，根部大如桔梗根，中间红白相间。六月开白花，七月、八月结白色果实。三月采集根部。
陶弘景说：这种药也很稀有，襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西部有出产。兴州的品质胜过南方的，因为兴州邻近蜀地。
苏颂说：现在只有襄阳出产，其他郡县没听说过。它的叶子像葵菜，每茎三片叶，一株有十几茎，中间长出一根主干，顶端开花，像葱花、景天类植物但颜色是白色的，六月开花就结果实。根部像防风，香味也相似，按时令采挖的能沉入水中。现在却用枯朽的野狼毒来冒充，极为错误。
李时珍说：唐代时陇西成州曾进贡此药。苏颂所说的内容，详细明确，可以依据。
【正误】陶弘景说：现在使用的防葵是建平产的。它原本与野狼毒同根，就像“三建”药一样，形状也相似，只是放在水中不沉罢了。而陈久的野狼毒也不能沉水了。
雷敩说：凡是使用防葵，不要误用野狼毒，因为它们外形相似，但验证方法不同，药效也不同，必须仔细审查，恐怕误治疾病。真正的防葵生长在蔡州的沙土中，采集……
陶弘景说：野狼毒与防葵完全不是同类，生长地方也不同。
藏器说：这两种药，一种是上品，一种是下品，善恶不同，形态质地又各异。陶弘景以沉浮作为区别，后人因此沿用，将防葵当作破坚积的下品之物，与野狼毒功效相同。古今沿袭，导致没有甄别，非常错误。
（此处原文可能有缺漏或排版问题，结合上下文补全意译）：……根。
【修治】雷敩说：使用时需拣去泥土粉末，用甘草汤浸泡一夜，捞出晒干，用黄精的自然汁一、二升拌和，在土器中炒至汁液吸干后使用。
【气味】辛味，寒性，无毒。《名医别录》说：甘味、苦味。吴普说：神农认为：辛味、小寒；桐君、扁鹊认为：无毒；岐伯、雷公、黄帝认为：辛味、苦味，无毒。李权说：有小毒。
【主治】疝气积聚、肠泄泻，膀胱热结，小便不通，咳逆、温疟，癫痫、惊邪、狂走。长期服用可坚固骨髓，益气轻身（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗五脏虚气，小腹支撑胀满，口干，祛除肾邪，增强意志。火旺者不可服用，令人恍惚见鬼（出自《名医别录》）。长期服用主要治疗邪气惊狂（苏恭）。
主治癖气块，膀胱宿水，血气瘤大如碗者，都能消散。治疗鬼疟，百邪鬼魅精怪，通气（甄权）。
【发明】李时珍说：防葵是神农记载的上品药，黄帝、岐伯、桐君、雷公、扁鹊、吴普都说它无毒；唯独《名医别录》说火旺者服用，令人恍惚见鬼。陈延之《短剧方》说：防葵多服，令人迷惑恍惚如狂。查考《难经》说：重阳者狂，脱阳者见鬼，这难道是上品养性药物所宜有的吗？这难道是寒性而无毒的药物吗？不然的话，《神农本草经》及苏恭所列的，是防葵的功效；而《名医别录》所列的，乃是似防葵的野狼毒的功效，并非防葵本身。野狼毒混充防葵，由来已久，不可不辨别。古方治疗蛇瘕、鳖瘕的大方中，多用防葵，其实都是野狼毒。
【附方】旧方一个，新方两个。
肿满洪大：防葵研成末，温酒送服一刀圭，服两三次，身体麻木感减轻为有效。（《肘后备急方》）
癫狂邪疾：方子同上。
伤寒动气（伤寒汗下后，脐左有动气）：防葵散：用防葵一两，木香、黄芩、柴胡各半两。每次服半两，水一盏半，煎至八分，温服。（云岐子《保命集》）
(Shangpin, High Grade) [Listed in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* as a high-grade herb]
[Names] Fangyuan (from *Wu Pu Bencao*), Ligai (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Tao Hongjing stated: The roots and leaves resemble those of the sunflower seed root, and its fragrance resembles that of Fangfeng (*Saposhnikoviae Radix*), hence the name Fangkui.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Fangkui grows in the river valleys of Linzi, as well as in Songgao, Taishan, and Shaoshi mountains. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the sun.
Wu Pu stated: The stems and leaves resemble those of Abelmoschus manihot (hibiscus/kui), with blackish-yellow upper parts. Roots emerge in the second lunar month; the roots are as large as Jiegeng (*Platycodonis Radix*), red and white inside. White flowers bloom in the sixth lunar month, and white fruits form in the seventh and eighth lunar months. Roots are harvested in the third lunar month.
Tao Hongjing stated: This herb is also rare; it is found in Xiangyang, Wangchu, Shandong, and western Xingzhou. Those from Xingzhou are superior to those from the south, as Xingzhou borders Shu.
Su Song stated: Currently, it is only produced in Xiangyang; other commanderies do not report its production. Its leaves resemble those of kui, with three leaves per stem; one plant has dozens of stems, with a single central stalk bearing flowers at the tip, resembling Allium fistulosum (scallion) or Sedum species but white in color. It flowers in the sixth lunar month and bears fruit. The root resembles Fangfeng (*Saposhnikoviae Radix*) and has a similar fragrance. Those harvested according to the proper season sink in water. Nowadays, rotten Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*) is used to substitute for it, which is extremely erroneous.
Li Shizhen stated: During the Tang Dynasty, Chengzhou in Longxi presented this as tribute. Su Song’s description is detailed and reliable.
[Correction of Errors] Tao Hongjing stated: The Fangkui currently used comes from Jianping. It originally shares the same root as Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*), similar to the "Three Jian" herbs; their shapes are also similar, but they do not sink in water. However, aged Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*) also fails to sink.
Lei Xiao stated: When using Fangkui, do not mistakenly use Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*), because although they look similar, their verification methods differ, and their efficacies are different. One must examine them carefully to avoid harming patients. Genuine Fangkui grows in the sandy soil of Caizhou...
Tao Hongjing stated: Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*) and Fangkui belong to completely different categories and grow in different places.
Zang Qian stated: These two substances: one is Shangpin (High Grade), the other is Xiapin (Low Grade); their natures (good vs. evil/toxicity) differ, and their forms and textures are distinct. Tao Hongjing distinguished them by whether they sink or float in water, and later generations followed this practice, treating Fangkui as a Xiapin substance for breaking down accumulations, equating its function with Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*). Due to ancient and modern continuity without discrimination, this is a significant error.
...roots.
[Processing] Lei Xiao stated: When processing, remove dirt and powder. Soak in Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction) overnight, drain, and dry. Mix with 1–2 sheng of natural juice from Huangjing (*Polygonati Rhizoma*), and stir-fry in a clay vessel until the juice is absorbed.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Cold, Non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Sweet, Bitter. Wu Pu stated: Shennong considered it: Pungent, Slightly Cold; Tongjun and Bian Que considered it: Non-toxic; Qibo, Leigong, and the Yellow Emperor considered it: Pungent, Bitter, Non-toxic. Li Quan stated: Slightly toxic.
[Indications] Hernia masses, intestinal diarrhea, heat accumulation in the Bladder, inability to urinate, coughing/counterflow, warm malaria, epilepsy, fright-evil, manic running. Long-term consumption strengthens bone marrow, benefits Qi, and lightens the body (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats deficiency-Qi of the Five Zang organs, fullness and distension in the lower abdomen, dry mouth, eliminates Kidney pathogenic factors, and strengthens willpower. Those with excessive Fire should not take it, as it causes hallucinations and seeing ghosts (*Mingyi Bielu*). Long-term consumption primarily treats pathogenic factors causing fright and mania (Su Gong).
Treats Pi-masses (accumulated lumps), retained water in the Bladder, and blood-Qi tumors as large as a bowl, all of which can be dissipated. Treats Gui-malaria (ghost malaria), various pathogenic spirits and demons, and promotes the flow of Qi (Zhen Quan).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Fangkui is a Shangpin (High Grade) herb recorded by Shennong. Huangdi, Qibo, Tongjun, Leigong, Bian Que, and Wu Pu all stated it is non-toxic. Only *Mingyi Bielu* states that those with excess Fire taking it will experience confusion, hallucinations, and seeing ghosts. Chen Yanzhi’s *Duanju Fang* states: Excessive consumption of Fangkui causes confusion and hallucinations resembling mania. Examining *Nanjing*, it says: "Excess Yang leads to mania; loss of Yang leads to seeing ghosts." How could this be appropriate for a Shangpin herb intended for nourishing life? Could this be a Cold and non-toxic herb? If not, then what is listed in *Shennong Bencao Jing* and by Su Gong represents the true functions of Fangkui; whereas what is listed in *Mingyi Bielu* actually describes the functions of Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*), which resembles Fangkui, not Fangkui itself. The substitution of Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*) for Fangkui has been going on for a long time and must be distinguished. In ancient formulas for treating She-jia (snake mass) and Die-jia (turtle mass), Fangkui was frequently used, but these were actually Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*).
[Attached Formulas] One old formula, two new formulas.
Swelling and fullness, massive: Grind Fangkui into powder, take with warm wine, one Dao-gui dose, up to two or three doses. Effect is indicated when numbness in the body and extremities subsides (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Mania and strange diseases: Same formula as above.
Shanghan Dongqi (Agitation due to Shanghan; after sweating or purging in Shanghan, agitation felt to the left of the umbilicus): Fangkui San (Fangkui Powder): Use Fangkui 1 liang, Muxiang (*Aucklandiae Radix*), Huangqin (*Scutellariae Radix*), and Chaihu (*Bupleuri Radix*) each 0.5 liang. Take 0.5 liang per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct to 0.8 sheng, and take warm (*Baoming Ji* by Yun Qizi).