（《本经》下品）
【释名】解见下文。
【集解】《别录》曰∶陆英生熊耳川谷及冤句，立秋采。
恭曰∶此即蒴 也。古方无蒴 ，惟言陆英。后人不识，浪出蒴 条。此叶似芹及接骨
花，
志曰∶苏恭以陆英、蒴 为一物。今详陆英味苦寒无毒，蒴 味酸温有毒，既此不
同，难谓一种，盖其类尔。
宗 曰∶蒴 与陆英性味及出产皆不同，治疗又别，自是二物，断无
颂曰∶本草陆英生熊耳川谷及冤句。蒴 不载所出州土，但云生田野，今所在有之
春抽苗，茎有节，节间生枝，叶大似水芹。春夏采叶，秋冬采根茎。陶苏皆以为一物。马志
以性味不同，疑非一种，亦不能细别。但《尔雅》∶木谓之华，草谓之荣，不荣而实谓之秀；
荣而不实
时珍曰∶陶、苏本草、甄权《药性论》，皆言陆英即蒴 ，必有所据。马志、寇宗 虽
破其说，而无的
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
权曰∶陆英，一名蒴 ，味苦、辛，有小毒。
【主治】骨间诸痹，四肢拘挛疼酸，膝寒痛，阴痿，短气不足，脚肿
风毒，香港脚上冲，心烦闷绝，水气虚肿。风瘙皮肌恶痒，煎汤入少酒浴之，妙（甄权）。
（音朔吊。《别
【释名】堇草（《别录》）、芨（《别录》）、
【集解】《别录》曰∶蒴 生田野。春夏采叶，
弘景曰∶田野墟村甚多。
恭曰∶此陆英也，剩出此条。《尔雅》云∶芨，堇草。郭璞注云∶乌头苗也。
检三堇别名亦无此者。《别录》言此一名堇草，不知所出处。
宗 曰∶蒴 花白，子初青如绿豆颗，每朵如盏面大，又平生，有一、二百子，十月方
熟红。
时珍曰∶每枝五叶。说见陆英下。
【气味】酸，温，有毒。大明曰∶苦，凉，有毒。
【主治】风瘙隐疹，身痒湿痹，可作浴汤（《别录》）。
【附方】旧十二，新七。
手足偏风∶蒴 叶，火燎，浓铺床上，趁热眠于上，冷复易之。冬月取根，舂碎熬热用。
（《外台秘要》）
风湿冷痹∶方同上。
寒湿腰痛∶方同上。
香港脚胫肿骨疼∶蒴 根研碎，和酒糟三分，根一分，合蒸热，封裹肿上，日二即消。亦
治不仁。（《千金方》）
浑身水肿，坐卧不得∶取蒴 根去皮，捣汁一合，和酒一合，暖服，当微吐利。（《梅师
方》）
头风作痛∶蒴 根二升，酒二升，煮服，汗出止。（《千金方》）
头风旋晕，起倒无定∶蒴 、独活、白石膏各一两，枳实（炒）七钱半。每服三钱，酒
一盏，
煎六分服。（《圣惠方》）
煎半升，分二服。或小便
产后恶露不除∶续骨木二十两（锉）。水一斗，煮三升，分三服，即下。（《千金方》）
疟疾不止∶蒴 一大握，炙令黄色，以水浓煎一盏，欲发前服。（《斗门方》）
卒暴症块坚如石，作痛欲死∶取蒴 根一小束，洗净细擘，以酒二升，渍三宿，温服五
合至
一升，日三服。若欲速用，于热灰中温出药味服之。此方无毒，已愈十六人矣，神验。药尽
再作之。（《古今录验》）
鳖瘕坚硬，肿起如盆，眠卧不得∶蒴 根白皮一握。捣汁和水服。（《千金方
下部闭塞∶蒴 根一把。捣汁水和，绞去滓。强人每服一升。（《外台秘
一切风疹∶蒴 煮汤，和少酒涂之，无不瘥。（《梅师方》）
小儿赤游，上下游行，至心即死∶蒴 ，煎汁洗之。（《子母秘录》）
五色丹毒∶蒴 叶，捣敷之。（《千金方》）
痈肿恶肉不消者∶蒴 灰、锻石各淋取汁，合煎如膏。敷之，能蚀恶肉，亦去痣疵。此
药过十日即不中用也。（《千金方》）
手足疣目∶蒴 赤子，揉烂，涂目上。（《圣惠方》）
熊罴伤人∶蒴 一大把。以水一升渍，须臾，取汁饮，以滓封之。（张文仲《备急方》）
【释名】名称解释见下文。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：陆英生长在熊耳山的山谷及冤句县，立秋时节采集。
苏恭说：这就是蒴藋。古方中没有“蒴藋”这一条目，只提到陆英。后人不能识别，凭空增加了蒴藋的条目。这种植物的叶子像芹菜和接骨草的花。马志指出：苏恭认为陆英和蒴藋是同一种植物。现在详细考察，陆英味苦、性寒、无毒；蒴藋味酸、性温、有毒，既然性质不同，很难说是同一种东西，大概只是同类罢了。
寇宗奭说：蒴藋与陆英的药性、味道以及产地都不同，治疗作用也各异，自然是两种不同的药物，绝对不可能是同一种。
苏颂说：《本草》记载陆英生长在熊耳山山谷及冤句县。蒴藋没有记载出产州郡，只说生长在田野中，如今各地都有生长。春天抽苗，茎有节，节间生枝，叶子大似水芹。春夏采集叶子，秋冬采集根茎。陶弘景和苏恭都认为是同一种药。马志因为药性味道不同，怀疑不是同一种，但也无法仔细区分。但《尔雅》中说：树木开的花叫华，草本开的花叫荣，不开花而结果实的叫秀；开花而不结果实的……
李时珍说：陶弘景、苏颂的本草著作，以及甄权的《药性论》，都说陆英就是蒴藋，必定有所依据。马志、寇宗奭虽然驳斥了这种说法，但没有确凿的证据。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
甄权说：陆英，又名蒴藋，味苦、辛，有小毒。
【主治】骨骼间的各种痹证，四肢拘挛疼痛酸楚，膝盖寒冷疼痛，阳痿，气短乏力，脚部肿胀。风毒，脚气上冲心胸，心烦意乱甚至昏厥，水气引起的虚肿。风邪引起的皮肤瘙痒恶痒，煎汤加入少量酒沐浴，效果奇妙。（甄权）
（音朔吊。《名医别录》）
【释名】堇草（《名医别录》）、芨（《名医别录》）、
【集解】《名医别录》记载：蒴藋生长在田野中。春夏采集叶子，
陶弘景说：田野废墟村落中非常多。
苏恭说：这就是陆英，多余列出了这个条目。《尔雅》说：芨，是堇草。郭璞注释说：是乌头的幼苗。检查三种堇的别名也没有这个。《名医别录》说它又名堇草，不知道出处在哪里。
寇宗奭说：蒴藋花白色，果实初生时青绿如绿豆大小，每朵花如盏面大，又平铺生长，一朵有一二百颗种子，十月才成熟变红。
李时珍说：每枝五片叶子。说法见陆英条下。
【主治】风邪引起的隐疹，身体瘙痒湿痹，可用作洗浴汤剂（《名医别录》）。
【附方】旧方十二首，新方七首。
手足偏风：蒴藋叶，用火燎过，厚铺在床上，趁热睡在上面，冷了再换。冬天取根，捣碎加热使用。（《外台秘要》）
风湿冷痹：方子同上。
寒湿腰痛：方子同上。
脚气小腿肿胀骨痛：蒴藋根研碎，与三分酒糟、一分根混合，蒸热后包裹在肿胀处，每天两次即可消退。也能治疗麻木不仁。（《千金方》）
浑身水肿，坐卧不安：取蒴藋根去皮，捣汁一合，与酒一合混合，温服，应当轻微呕吐腹泻。（《梅师方》）
头风作痛：蒴藋根二升，酒二升，煮后服用，出汗即止。（《千金方》）
头风眩晕，起倒不定：蒴藋、独活、白石膏各一两，枳实（炒）七钱半。每次服用三钱，用酒一盏，煎至六分服用。（《圣惠方》）
产后恶露不尽：续骨木二十两（锉碎）。水一斗，煮取三升，分三次服用，恶露即下。（《千金方》）
疟疾不止：蒴藋一大把，炙烤至黄色，用水浓煎一盏，欲发作前服用。（《斗门方》）
突然暴发的症块坚硬如石，疼痛欲死：取蒴藋根一小束，洗净掰细，用酒二升，浸泡三个夜晚，温服五合至一升，每天三次。如果想快速见效，在热灰中温热取出药味服用。此方无毒，已治愈十六人，神效。药尽后再制作。（《古今录验》）
鳖瘕坚硬，肿起如盆，睡眠躺卧不得：蒴藋根白皮一握。捣汁加水服用。（《千金方》）
下部闭塞：蒴藋根一把。捣汁加水，绞去渣滓。强壮的人每次服用一升。（《外台秘要》）
一切风疹：蒴藋煮汤，加少量酒涂抹，无不痊愈。（《梅师方》）
小儿赤游丹，上下游行，到心脏即死：蒴藋，煎汁洗涤。（《子母秘录》）
五色丹毒：蒴藋叶，捣碎敷贴。（《千金方》）
痈肿恶肉不消者：蒴藋灰、锻石各淋取汁液，合并煎煮成膏。敷贴，能腐蚀恶肉，也能去除痣疵。此药放置超过十天就无效了。（《千金方》）
手足疣目：蒴藋赤子，揉烂，涂在疣目上。（《圣惠方》）
熊罴伤人：蒴藋一大把。用水一升浸泡，片刻，取汁饮用，以药渣封贴伤口。（张文仲《备急方》）
(Lower Grade, *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Explanation of names is found below.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* (Recorded by Masters of Other Lineages) states: Lu Ying (*Sambucus javanica*) grows in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain and Yuanju County; it is harvested at Start of Autumn.
Su Gong says: This is Shuo Diao (*Ageratum conyzoides*). Ancient prescriptions do not contain "Shuo Diao," only mentioning Lu Ying. Later people failed to recognize this and arbitrarily added a section on Shuo Diao. Its leaves resemble those of celery and the flowers of *Sarcandra glabra*.
Ma Zhi points out: Su Gong considered Lu Ying and Shuo Diao to be the same substance. Upon detailed examination, Lu Ying tastes bitter, is cold in nature, and non-toxic; whereas Shuo Diao tastes sour, is warm in nature, and toxic. Since their properties differ, it is difficult to claim they are one species; they are likely merely related.
Kou Zongshi says: Shuo Diao and Lu Ying differ in nature, taste, origin, and therapeutic applications; they are naturally two distinct substances and certainly not the same thing.
Su Song says: The *Bencao* records that Lu Ying grows in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain and Yuanju County. Shuo Diao does not record specific provinces of origin, only stating it grows in fields, and is now available everywhere. It sprouts in spring, has jointed stems with branches growing from the nodes, and large leaves resembling water celery. Leaves are harvested in spring and summer; roots and stems in autumn and winter. Tao Hongjing and Su Gong both considered them the same substance. Ma Zhi, noting differences in nature and taste, suspected they were not one species but could not distinguish them finely. However, *Erya* states: Flowers of trees are called Hua, flowers of herbs are called Rong; plants that flower but do not fruit are called Xiu; plants that fruit without flowering...
Li Shizhen says: Tao Hongjing, Su Song's *Bencao*, and Zhen Quan's *Yaoxing Lun* all state that Lu Ying is Shuo Diao, which must have some basis. Although Ma Zhi and Kou Zongshi refuted this view, they lacked definitive evidence.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
Zhen Quan says: Lu Ying, also known as Shuo Diao, tastes bitter and acrid, with slight toxicity.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats various Bi syndromes in the bones, spasms and cramps with pain and soreness in the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, impotence, shortness of breath and insufficiency, and foot swelling. Addresses wind-toxin, rising Jiaoxie (foot-stroke), mental restlessness or fainting due to vexation, and edema caused by water qi. For skin itching and malodorous pruritus caused by wind, decoct the herb, add a small amount of wine, and bathe; this is excellent (Zhen Quan).
(Phonetic: Shuo Diao. *Bielu*)
[Names] Qin Cao (Jin Grass, *Bielu*), Ji (*Bielu*),
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Shuo Diao grows in fields. Leaves are harvested in spring and summer.
Tao Hongjing says: It is very abundant in field ruins and villages.
Su Gong says: This is Lu Ying; this entry is redundant. *Erya* states: Ji is Qin Grass. Guo Pu's annotation says: It is the seedling of Aconitum. Checking the aliases of the three types of Qin, none match this. *Bielu* mentions it is also named Qin Cao, but the source is unknown.
Kou Zongshi says: Shuo Diao has white flowers; its fruits are initially green like mung beans, each flower head as large as the bottom of a cup, growing flatly, with one or two hundred seeds per flower, ripening red in October.
Li Shizhen says: Each branch has five leaves. See explanation under Lu Ying.
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, Warm, Toxic. Da Ming says: Bitter, Cool, Toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats wind-induced hidden rashes, body itching, and damp-Bi; can be used as a bathing decoction (*Bielu*).
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Hemiplegia of hands and feet: Shuo Diao leaves, scorched by fire, spread thickly on the bed, sleep on it while hot, replace when cool. In winter, use roots, pounded and heated (Waitai Miyao).
Wind-damp-cold Bi: Prescription same as above.
Cold-damp lower back pain: Prescription same as above.
Jiaoxie with calf swelling and bone pain: Pound Shuo Diao root, mix with three parts wine lees and one part root, steam until hot, and apply to the swollen area twice daily for resolution. Also treats numbness (Qianjin Fang).
Generalized edema, unable to sit or lie down: Take Shuo Diao root, peel, pound to extract juice (one he), mix with one he of wine, take warm; mild vomiting and diarrhea should occur (Meishi Fang).
Headwind causing pain: Two sheng of Shuo Diao root, two sheng of wine, decoct and take; stop when sweating occurs (Qianjin Fang).
Headwind with vertigo, unpredictable falling/rising: One qianliang each of Shuo Diao, Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Bai Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); seven qian half of Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange, stir-fried). Take three qian per dose, decoct in one zhan of wine to six fen, then take (Shenghui Fang).
Postpartum lochia retention: Twenty liang of Xugu Mu (Cudrania tricuspidata wood, sliced). Decoct in ten dou of water to obtain three sheng, divide into three doses; lochia will pass (Qianjin Fang).
Persistent malaria: A large handful of Shuo Diao, roasted until yellow, decoct strongly in water to one zhan, take before onset (Doumen Fang).
Sudden hard masses like stones, painful to death: Take a small bundle of Shuo Diao root, wash clean and tear finely, soak in two sheng of wine for three nights, take five he to one sheng warm, three times daily. For rapid effect, warm the medicine in hot ashes and take. This prescription is non-toxic; sixteen people have been cured, it is miraculous. Re-make when exhausted (Gujin Luyan).
Biemia (abdominal mass) hard like a basin, swelling up, unable to sleep or lie down: One handful of the white bark of Shuo Diao root. Pound to extract juice, mix with water and take (Qianjin Fang).
Lower orifice obstruction: One handful of Shuo Diao root. Pound to extract juice, mix with water, strain. Strong individuals take one sheng per dose (Waitai Miyao).
All wind-rashes: Decoct Shuo Diao in water, mix with a little wine, apply externally; no case fails to heal (Meishi Fang).
Pediatric Chiyou Dan (red wandering erysipelas), moving up and down, fatal if reaching the heart: Shuo Diao, decoct juice and wash (Zimu Milu).
Five-color Dan Du (erysipelas): Shuo Diao leaves, pound and apply (Qianjin Fang).
Ulcers with foul flesh not resolving: Ash of Shuo Diao and Duan Shi (Calcined Alumen), each leached for juice, combined and decocted into a paste. Apply; it can cauterize foul flesh and remove moles/blemishes. This medicine loses efficacy after ten days (Qianjin Fang).
Warts on hands and feet: Shuo Diao Chizi (likely referring to the plant or a specific part/preparation), rub until soft, apply to warts (Shenghui Fang).
Bear injury: A large handful of Shuo Diao. Soak in one sheng of water, wait a moment, drink the juice, and apply the dregs topically (Zhang Wenzhong Beiji Fang).