（《本经》下品）
【释名】草蒿（《本经》）、萋蒿（《本经》）、昆仑草（《唐本》）、野鸡冠（《纲目》）、
鸡冠苋（《纲目》）、子名草决明（《
时珍曰∶青葙名义未详。胡麻叶亦名青 ，此草又多生于胡麻地中，与之同名，岂以其
相似而然耶？青蒿，亦名草蒿，其功相似，而名亦相同，何哉？其子明目，与决明子同功，
故
有草决明之名。其花、叶似鸡冠，嫩苗似苋，故谓之鸡冠苋。郑樵《通志》言俗名牛尾蒿者，
误矣。
【集解】《别录》曰∶青葙生平谷道旁。三月采茎叶，阴干。五月、六月采子。
弘景曰∶处处有之。似麦闸极花，其子甚细。别有草蒿，或作草 ，主疗殊相类，形名又
相似可疑，而实两种也。
恭曰∶此草苗高尺余，叶细软，花紫白色，实作角，子黑而扁光，似
苋实而大，生下湿地，四月、五月采，荆襄人名为昆仑草。
颂曰∶今江淮州郡近道亦有之。二月生青苗，长三、四尺。叶阔似柳而软。茎似蒿，青
红色。六月、七月内生花，上红下白。子黑光而扁，似莨菪。根亦似蒿根而白，直下独茎生
根。六月、八月采子。
时珍曰∶青葙生田野间，嫩苗似苋可食，长则高三四尺。苗、叶、花、实与鸡冠花一样
无别。但鸡冠花穗或有大而扁、或团者。此则梢间出花穗，尖长四、五寸，状如兔尾，水红
色，亦有黄白色者。子在穗中，与鸡冠子及苋子一样难辨。苏恭言其结角，误矣。萧炳言黄
花者名陶朱术，与陈藏器所说不同。又有天灵草，亦此类也，并附于下。
茎叶
【修治】 曰∶凡用先烧铁杵臼，乃捣用之。
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】邪气，皮肤中热，风瘙身痒，杀三虫（《本经》）。恶疮疥虱痔蚀，下部 疮（《别
录》）。捣汁服，大疗温疠（苏恭）。止金疮血（大明）。
子
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。权曰∶苦，平。
【主治】唇口青（《本经》）。治五脏邪气，益脑髓，镇肝，明耳目，坚筋骨，去风寒湿
痹（大明）。治肝脏热毒冲眼，赤障青盲翳肿，恶
【发明】炳曰∶理眼，有青葙子丸。
宗 曰∶青葙子，《经》中不言治眼，惟《药性论》、《日华子》始言治肝明目。今人多
用治眼，殊与《经》意不相当。
时珍曰∶青葙子治眼，与决明子、苋实同功。《本经》虽不言治眼，而云一名草决明，
主唇口青，则其明目之功可知矣。目者肝之窍，唇口青者足厥阴经之证，古方除热亦多用之，
青葙子之为厥阴药，又可知矣。况用之治目，往往有验，尤可征。据《魏略》云∶初平中有
青牛先生，常服青葙子丸，年百余岁，如五、六十者。
【附方】旧一。
鼻衄不止，眩冒欲死∶青葙子汁三合，灌入鼻中。（《贞元广利方》）
【附录】桃朱术
炳曰∶青箱，一种花黄者，名陶朱术，苗相似。
藏器曰∶桃朱术生园中，细如芹，花紫，子作角。以镜向旁敲之，则子自发。五月五日
乃收子，带之令妇人为夫所爱。
【《神农本草经》列为下品】
【释名】草蒿（出自《本经》）、萋蒿（出自《本经》）、昆仑草（出自《唐本草》）、野鸡冠（出自《本草纲目》）、鸡冠苋（出自《本草纲目》）。其种子名为草决明（出自李时珍语）。
李时珍说：青葙的名称由来尚不明确。胡麻的叶子也名叫青葙，这种草又多生长在胡麻地里，与胡麻同名，难道是因为它们相似才这样的吗？青蒿，也名叫草蒿，它们的功效相似，名字也相同，这是为什么呢？它的种子能明目，与决明子功效相同，所以有“草决明”这个名字。它的花、叶像鸡冠，嫩苗像苋菜，所以叫它鸡冠苋。郑樵在《通志》中说俗名叫牛尾蒿，这是错误的。
【集解】《名医别录》说：青葙生长在山谷道路旁边。三月采集茎叶，阴干。五月、六月采集种子。
陶弘景说：到处都有。形状像麦穗上的花，它的种子非常细小。另有草蒿，有的写作草葴，主要治疗的病症大致相似，形态和名字又很相似令人疑惑，但实际上是两种不同的植物。
苏恭说：这种草幼苗高一尺多，叶子细软，花呈紫白色，果实呈角状，种子黑色而扁平光亮，比苋菜籽大，生长在低湿之地，四月、五月采集，荆襄地区的人叫它昆仑草。
苏颂说：现在江淮地区的州县靠近道路的地方也有。二月生出青色幼苗，长三、四尺。叶子宽阔像柳叶但柔软。茎像蒿草，呈青红色。六月、七月内生花，上面红下面白。种子黑而光亮且扁平，像莨菪子。根也像蒿根但颜色发白，垂直向下单独生一根。六月、八月采集种子。
李时珍说：青葙生长在田野间，嫩苗像苋菜可以吃，长大后高三四尺。苗、叶、花、实与鸡冠花完全一样没有区别。只是鸡冠花的花穗有的大而扁，有的圆团状。这里则是梢头长出花穗，尖长四、五寸，形状像兔尾巴，水红色，也有黄白色的。种子在花穗中，与鸡冠子和苋菜籽一样难以分辨。苏恭说它结角，是错误的。萧炳说有黄花者名叫陶朱术，这与陈藏器所说的不同。又有天灵草，也是这一类，一并附在下面。
【茎叶部分】
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用之前，先烧红铁杵臼，然后捣碎使用。
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】邪气，皮肤中的热感，风疹引起的全身瘙痒，杀灭三虫（出自《本经》）。治疗恶疮、疥癣、虱子、痔疮腐蚀、下部疮疡（出自《别录》）。捣汁服用，能大力治疗温疫疠气（苏恭）。止住金创出血（出自《大明本草》）。
【种子部分】
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。李权说：味苦，性平。
【主治】嘴唇和口部发青（出自《本经》）。治疗五脏邪气，补益脑髓，镇肝，使耳目明亮，坚固筋骨，去除风寒湿痹（出自《大明本草》）。治疗肝脏热毒上冲眼睛，导致的眼赤、障膜、青盲、翳肿等恶疾……（原文此处截断）
寇宗奭说：青葙子在《本经》中没有提到治疗眼病，只有《药性论》、《日华子本草》才开始说它能治肝明目。现在很多人用它治疗眼病，这与《本经》的原意不太相符。
李时珍说：青葙子治疗眼病，与决明子、苋实功效相同。《本经》虽然没说要治疗眼病，但说它一名为草决明，主治嘴唇发青，那么它明目的功效就可以推知了。眼睛是肝的窍穴，嘴唇发青是足厥阴肝经的证候，古方中清热也多使用它，由此可知青葙子是入厥阴经的药物。况且用它治疗眼睛，往往有效，尤其可以证实这一点。据《魏略》记载：初平年间有个青牛先生，常服用青葙子丸，年龄一百多岁，看起来像五六十岁的人。
【附方】旧方一个。
鼻出血不止，头晕眼花欲死：取青葙子汁三合，灌入鼻中。（出自《贞元广利方》）
【附录】桃朱术
陈藏器说：桃朱术生长在园圃中，细得像芹菜，花紫色，果实呈角状。用镜子在旁边敲击，种子就会自动掉落。五月五日收集种子，佩戴在身上能让妇人被丈夫喜爱。
[Classified as Lower Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
**Names:** Caohao (from *Benjing*), Qihao (from *Benjing*), Kunlun Cao (from *Tangben*), Ye Jiguan (from *Gangmu*), Jiguan Xian (from *Gangmu*). Its seed is named Cao Jueming (Li Shizhen said: The etymology of Qingxiang's name is unclear. Sesame leaves are also called Qingxiang; this herb often grows among sesame fields and shares the same name, perhaps due to their similarity? Qinghao is also called Caohao; their functions are similar, and their names are identical, why is this? Its seeds brighten the eyes with the same efficacy as Juemingzi, hence the name "Grass Jueming." Its flowers and leaves resemble a rooster's comb, and its tender shoots resemble amaranth, thus it is called Jiguan Xian. Zheng Qiao stated in *Tongzhi* that the common name is Niuhao, which is incorrect.)
**Collection and Explanation:** *Bielu* states: Qingxiang grows by valley paths. Harvest stems and leaves in March, dry in shade. Harvest seeds in May and June.
Tao Hongjing said: It is found everywhere. It resembles the flower of wheat ears, and its seeds are very fine. There is another herb, Caohao (sometimes written as Cao Zhen), whose therapeutic applications are quite similar, and its shape and name are suspiciously alike, yet they are actually two different species.
Su Gong said: This herb has seedlings over one chi tall, with fine and soft leaves, purple-white flowers, and horn-shaped fruits. The seeds are black, flat, and shiny, larger than amaranth seeds, growing in low and wet areas. Harvested in April and May, people in Jingxiang call it Kunlun Cao.
Su Song said: It is now found in prefectures near roads in Jianghuai. Green seedlings emerge in February, growing three to four chi long. Leaves are broad like willow but soft. Stems resemble mugwort, greenish-red. Flowers appear internally in June and July, red on top and white below. Seeds are black, shiny, and flat, resembling Datura seeds. Roots resemble mugwort roots but are white, growing straight down with a single stem. Harvest seeds in June and August.
Li Shizhen said: Qingxiang grows in fields. Tender shoots resemble amaranth and are edible; when mature, they grow three to four chi high. Seedlings, leaves, flowers, and fruits are indistinguishable from Celosia cristata (Jiguanhua). However, Celosia cristata spikes are either large and flat or round. Here, the flower spikes emerge from the tips, pointed and long, four to five cun, resembling a rabbit's tail, water-red in color, with some being yellow-white. Seeds are within the spike, indistinguishable from Celosia seeds and amaranth seeds. Su Gong's statement that it forms horns is incorrect. Xiao Bing stated that those with yellow flowers are named Taozhushu, differing from Chen Cangqi's description. There is also Tianlingcao, which belongs to this category, attached below.
**Stems and Leaves**
**Processing:** Lei Xiao said: When using, first heat an iron mortar and pestle until red-hot, then pound the herb.
**Flavor and Nature:** Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Evils, heat in the skin, wind-induced pruritus (Feng Sao Shen Yang), kills three parasites (from *Benjing*). Treats malignant sores, scabies, lice, corrosive hemorrhoids, and lower body ulcers (from *Bielu*). Crushed juice taken internally greatly treats warm epidemics (Su Gong). Stops bleeding from metal wounds (Daming).
**Seeds**
**Flavor and Nature:** Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Li Quan said: Bitter, neutral.
**Indications:** Cyanosis of lips and mouth (from *Benjing*). Treats evils of the five zang organs, benefits brain marrow, stabilizes the Liver, brightens eyes and ears, strengthens sinews and bones, dispels wind-cold-damp bi syndrome (Daming). Treats liver heat toxin rushing to the eyes, causing redness, nebulae, blindness, swelling, and other malignant conditions... [Text cuts off]
**Elucidation:** Xiao Bing said: Regulates eyes; there is a Qingxiangzi Wan formula.
Kou Zongshi said: Qingxiangzi is not mentioned in the *Jing* for treating eye diseases; only *Yaoxing Lun* and *Rihuazi* begin to state it treats the liver and brightens the eyes. Nowadays, many use it for eye diseases, which does not quite align with the intent of the *Jing*.
Li Shizhen said: Qingxiangzi treats eye diseases with the same efficacy as Juemingzi and Xianshi. Although the *Benjing* does not mention treating eyes, it states it is also named Cao Jueming and treats cyanosis of lips and mouth; thus, its eye-brightening efficacy can be inferred. The eyes are the orifice of the Liver; cyanosis of lips and mouth is a syndrome of the Foot Jueyin Meridian. Ancient formulas for clearing heat often use it, confirming that Qingxiangzi is a Jueyin herb. Moreover, its application for eyes is often effective, further verifying this. According to *Wei Lue*: During the Chuping era, Master Qingniu frequently took Qingxiangzi Wan, living over a hundred years while appearing fifty or sixty.
**Attached Formulas:** One old formula.
Unstopping epistaxis, dizziness and vertigo nearly fatal: Take 3 he of Qingxiangzi juice, instill into the nose (*Zhenyuan Guangli Fang*).
**Appendix:** Taozhushu
Xiao Bing said: Qingxiang has a variety with yellow flowers, named Taozhushu, with similar seedlings.
Chen Cangqi said: Taozhushu grows in gardens, thin as celery, with purple flowers and horn-shaped fruits. If struck by a mirror nearby, the seeds fall spontaneously. Collect seeds on the fifth day of the fifth month; carrying them makes women beloved by their husbands.