（宋《开宝》）
【释名】时珍曰∶青亦作鲭，以色名也。大者名 鱼。
【集解】颂曰∶青鱼生江湖间，南方多有。北地时或有之，取无时。似鲤、鲩而背正青
色。南方多以作 ，古人所谓五侯鲭 即此。其头中枕骨蒸令
煮拍作酒器、梳、篦，甚佳。旧注言可代琥珀者，非也。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
《日华》曰∶微毒。服术人忌之。
【主治】香港脚湿痹（《开宝》）。同韭白煮食，治香港脚脚弱烦闷，益气
【气味】与服石人相反（《开宝》）。
弘景曰∶不可合生胡荽、生葵菜、豆藿、麦酱同食。
头中枕
【主治】水磨服，主心腹卒气痛（《开宝》）。
解蛊毒（
眼睛汁
【主治】注目，能夜视（《开宝》）。
胆（腊月收取阴干。）
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】点暗目，涂热疮（《开宝》）。消赤目肿痛，吐喉痹痰涎及鱼骨
珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶东方青色，入通肝胆，开窍于目。用青鱼胆以治目疾，盖取此义。其
治喉痹骨鲠，则取漏泄系乎酸苦之义也。
【附方】新八。
乳蛾喉痹∶青鱼胆含咽。一方∶用汁灌鼻中，取吐。万氏∶用胆矾盛青鱼胆中，阴干。
每用少许，吹喉取吐。一方∶用朴硝代胆矾。
海螵蛸末等分。龚氏《易简》∶用黄连切片
入片脑少许，瓶收密封。每日点之，甚妙。
各七个、牛胆半两，熊胆二钱半，麝香少许，石决明一两。为末，糊丸梧子大。每空心茶下
十丸。（《龙木论》）
（出自宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】李时珍说：青鱼也写作“鲭”，是因为它的颜色而得名。大的称为鮆鱼。
【集解】苏颂说：青鱼生长在江河湖泊中，南方很多。北方有时也有，随时可以捕捞。外形像鲤鱼、草鱼，但背部呈纯正的青色。南方人常把它制成腌鱼，古人所说的“五侯鲭”指的就是这种鱼。青鱼头中的枕骨蒸熟后，可制作成酒器、梳子、篦子等，非常好用。旧注中说它可以代替琥珀，这是不对的。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
《日华子本草》说：微毒。服用丹石类药物的人忌食。
【主治】治疗香港脚湿痹（出自《开宝本草》）。与韭菜白一起煮食，可治疗香港脚引起的脚部软弱、烦闷，并能益气。
【气味】与服用石药的人相反（出自《开宝本草》）。
陶弘景说：不可与生胡荽（香菜）、生葵菜、豆叶、麦酱同食。
【头中枕骨主治】用水磨服，主治心腹突然气痛（出自《开宝本草》）。
【眼睛汁主治】注视患处，能使人夜间视物清晰（出自《开宝本草》）。
【胆】（腊月收取，阴干。）
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】点治内障眼病，涂抹热疮（出自《开宝本草》）。消除赤目肿痛，催吐喉痹痰涎及鱼骨刺卡喉之症（出自李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：东方对应青色，入通肝胆，开窍于目。用青鱼胆来治疗眼疾，大概是取这一道理。它治疗喉痹和骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉），则是取酸苦能泄降的含义。
【附方】新收录八方。
乳蛾喉痹：含咽青鱼胆汁。一方：用汁液灌入鼻中，引起呕吐。万氏方：用胆矾盛放在青鱼胆中，阴干。每次用少许，吹入喉中引起呕吐。另一方：用朴硝代替胆矾。
海螵蛸末等分。龚氏《易简方》：用黄连切片，加入少许冰片，装入瓶中密封收藏。每天点眼，效果很好。
各七个、牛胆半两，熊胆二钱半，麝香少许，石决明一两。研为细末，用糊丸做成梧桐子大小。每空腹时茶送下十丸。（出自《龙木论》）
(From the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: "Qingyu" is also written as "Zheng," named after its color. The larger ones are called "Ci fish."
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: "Qingyu" lives in rivers and lakes, and is abundant in the southern regions. It occasionally appears in the north and can be caught at any time. It resembles carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) and grass carp (*Ctenopharyngodon idella*), but has a pure green back. Southerners often make pickled fish from it; the "Five Marquis's Pickled Fish" mentioned by ancients refers to this fish. The occipital bone in the head of the Qingyu, when steamed, can be crafted into wine vessels, combs, and hair sticks, which are very excellent. Old annotations claiming it can substitute for amber are incorrect.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
*Ri Hua* stated: Slightly toxic. Those taking mineral drugs (Shiyao) should avoid it.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats Hongjiao damp-bi syndrome (from *Kaibao Bencao*). Boiled with white parts of Chinese chive (*Allium tuberosum*), it treats weakness and restlessness in the legs caused by Hongjiao, and benefits Qi.
[Properties and Flavor] Opposite to those taking mineral drugs (from *Kaibao Bencao*).
Tao Hongjing stated: Do not consume together with raw coriander (*Coriandrum sativum*), raw okra (*Abelmoschus esculentus*), bean leaves, or wheat sauce.
[Occipital Bone Therapeutic Actions] Ground with water and taken orally, it treats sudden qi pain in the heart and abdomen (from *Kaibao Bencao*).
[Eye Juice Therapeutic Actions] Gazing with it enables night vision (from *Kaibao Bencao*).
[Gallbladder] (Collected in the twelfth lunar month and dried in the shade.)
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Applied to eyes to treat cataracts (anmi), and applied to hot sores (from *Kaibao Bencao*). Reduces swelling and pain of red eyes, induces vomiting to expel phlegm-saliva in throat obstruction (houbi) and fish bones stuck in the throat (Li Shizhen).
[Invention/Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: In the East corresponds to the color Green, entering and communicating with the Liver and Gallbladder, opening through the eyes. Using Qingyu gallbladder to treat eye diseases likely derives from this principle. Its treatment of throat obstruction and fish bone impaction derives from the principle that sour and bitter flavors promote drainage and purgation.
[Attached Formulas] Eight new formulas.
Millet ear and throat obstruction: Contain and swallow Qingyu gallbladder juice. Another formula: Instill juice into the nose to induce vomiting. Wan's formula: Place Qingyu gallbladder inside alum (mineral alum), dry in the shade. Use a small amount each time, blow into the throat to induce vomiting. Another formula: Use mirabilite (Gypsum Fibrosum) instead of alum.
Equal parts of cuttlefish bone (Sepiae Endoconcha) powder. Gong's *Yijian Fang*: Slice Coptis chinensis (*Coptidis Rhizoma*), add a little borneol, store in a bottle sealed tightly. Apply to the eyes daily, very effective.
Seven [units unspecified, likely fish parts], half tael of ox gallbladder, two qian and half of bear gallbladder, a little musk, one tael of concha margaritifera (Haliotidis Concha). Grind into powder, make pills with paste the size of wutong seeds. Take ten pills on an empty stomach with tea. (From *Longmu Lun*)