（《食疗》）
【释名】宁源曰∶初夏时有，余月则无，故名。
【出产】时珍曰∶按孙
每四月鲚鱼出后即出
【集解】时珍曰∶鲥，形秀而扁，微似鲂而长，白色如银，肉中多细刺如毛，其子甚细
腻。故何景明称其银鳞细骨，彭渊材恨其美而多刺也。大者不过三尺，腹下有三角硬鳞如甲，
其肪亦在鳞甲中，自甚惜之。其性浮游，渔人以丝网沉水数寸取之，一丝挂
才出水即死，最易馁败。故袁达《禽虫述》云∶鲥鱼挂网
以笋、苋、芹、荻之属，连鳞蒸食乃佳。亦可糟藏之。其鳞与他鱼不同，锻石水浸过，晒干
层层起之，以作女人花钿甚良。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。诜曰∶稍发疳痼。
【主治】补虚劳（孟诜）。蒸下油，以瓶盛埋土中，取
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】 鱼（音味）。拙鱼（《纲目》）、丙穴鱼。
藏器曰∶左思《蜀都赋》云∶
耳，鱼岂能择日出入耶？按∶《抱朴子》云∶燕
时珍曰∶嘉，美也。杜甫诗云∶鱼知丙穴由来美，是矣。河阳呼为
人呼为拙鱼，言性钝也。丙穴之说不一。按∶《文选》注云∶
常以三（八）月取之。丙，地名也。《水经》云∶丙水出丙穴。穴口向丙，故名。嘉鱼常以
三
月出穴，十月入穴。黄鹤云∶
诸县，皆有丙穴。嘉鱼常以春末出游，冬月入穴。
【集解】志曰∶嘉鱼，乃乳穴中小鱼也。常食乳水，所以益人。
时珍曰∶按∶任豫《益州记》云∶嘉鱼，蜀郡处处有之。状似鲤，而鳞细如鳟，肉肥而
美，大者五
鱼，春社前出
《虞衡志》云
苍梧戎城县江
又可为 。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
诜曰∶微有毒，而味多珍美。
【主治】食之，令人肥健悦泽（《开宝》）。煮食，治
【发明】志曰∶此鱼食乳水，功用同乳。能久食之，力强于乳，有似
诜曰∶常于崖石下孔中，食乳石沫，故补益也。
（出自《食疗本草》）
【释名】宁源说：初夏时节有这种鱼，其他月份则没有，因此得名。
【出产】李时珍说：据考证，孙思邈记载的鲚鱼出现之后，这种鱼随即出现。
【集解】李时珍说：鲥鱼，体态秀美而扁平，略微像鳊鱼但更长，颜色白如银，肉中有许多细刺像毛发一样，它的籽非常细腻。所以何景明称赞它“银鳞细骨”，彭渊材遗憾它虽然美味却多刺。大的不超过三尺，腹部下方有三角状的硬鳞像铠甲一样，它的脂肪也存在于鳞甲之中，人们非常珍惜这一点。它的习性是浮游生活，渔人用丝网沉入水中数寸深处来捕捞，一旦一丝挂网，刚出水就死了，最容易腐败变质。所以袁达在《禽虫述》中说：鲥鱼挂在网上后，要用笋、苋菜、芹菜、荻草等植物一起连鳞蒸食才美味。也可以糟藏保存。它的鳞与其他鱼不同，用锻石水浸泡过，晒干后层层翘起，用来制作妇女头上的花钿效果很好。
（出自宋《开宝本草》）
【释名】嘉鱼（音同“味”）。拙鱼（《本草纲目》）、丙穴鱼。
陈藏器说：左思在《蜀都赋》中说……耳朵，鱼难道能选择日子出入吗？按：《抱朴子》说：燕子……
李时珍说：嘉，就是美的意思。杜甫诗中说：“鱼知丙穴由来美”，确实如此。河阳人称它为……人们称它为拙鱼，是说它的性情迟钝。关于丙穴的说法不一。按：《文选》注说：……通常在三月（或八月）捕捉它。丙，是地名。《水经注》说：丙水从丙穴流出。穴口朝向丙方，因此得名。嘉鱼常在……月出穴，十月入穴。黄鹤说：……各县，都有丙穴。嘉鱼常在春末出游，冬月入穴。
【集解】寇宗奭说：嘉鱼，是乳穴中的小鱼。常食用乳水，所以对人有补益作用。
李时珍说：按：任豫《益州记》说：嘉鱼，蜀郡各地都有。形状像鲤鱼，但鳞片细小如鳟鱼，肉质肥美，大的……鱼，春社日前出现……《虞衡志》说：苍梧戎城县江……又可以做……
【气味】甘，平，无毒。孟诜说：稍动疳积痼疾。
【主治】补虚劳（孟诜）。蒸取下的油，用瓶子盛装埋在土中，取……
【释名】嘉鱼（音同“味”）。拙鱼（《本草纲目》）、丙穴鱼。
陈藏器说：左思《蜀都赋》说……耳，鱼难道能选择日子出入吗？按：《抱朴子》说：燕……
李时珍说：嘉，美也。杜甫诗云：“鱼知丙穴由来美”，是对的。河阳呼为……人呼为拙鱼，言其性钝。丙穴之说不一。按：《文选》注云：……常以三（八）月取之。丙，地名也。《水经》云：丙水出丙穴。穴口向丙，故名。嘉鱼常以……月出穴，十月入穴。黄鹤云：……诸县，皆有丙穴。嘉鱼常以春末出游，冬月入穴。
【集解】寇宗奭说：嘉鱼，乃乳穴中小鱼也。常食乳水，所以益人。
李时珍说：按：任豫《益州记》云：嘉鱼，蜀郡处处有之。状似鲤，而鳞细如鳟，肉肥而美，大者五……鱼，春社前出……《虞衡志》云：苍梧戎城县江……又可为……
【气味】甘，温，无毒。孟诜说：微有毒，而味多珍美。
【主治】食之，令人肥健悦泽（《开宝本草》）。煮食，治……
(From *Shiliao Bencao* / Food Therapy Materia Medica)
[Names] Ning Yuan stated: It appears in early summer and is absent in other months, hence the name.
[Origin] Li Shizhen stated: According to Sun Simiao's records, after the appearance of the Coilia nasus (Jiangyu) in April, this fish subsequently appears.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: The Hilsa shad (Shiyu) has an elegant and flattened shape, slightly resembling the Bream but longer, with a white color like silver. Its flesh contains many fine, hair-like spines, and its roe is very delicate. Thus, He Jingming praised it for its "silver scales and fine bones," while Peng Yuanchai regretted that although it was delicious, it had too many spines. The largest specimens do not exceed three chi in length. Under the belly, there are triangular hard scales like armor, and its fat is also located within these scales, which people highly value. Its nature is pelagic; fishermen use silk nets sunk several cun into the water to catch them. Once caught by even a single thread, they die immediately upon emerging from the water and spoil easily. Therefore, Yuan Da wrote in *Qinchong Shu*: For Hilsa shad caught in nets, steaming it whole with bamboo shoots, amaranth, celery, or reed grass along with its scales yields the best flavor. It can also be preserved in fermented rice wine. Its scales differ from other fish; when soaked in ferric oxide water and dried, they lift up in layers, making them excellent for crafting floral ornaments for women.
(From Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Jia Yu (pronounced "wei"). Zhuo Yu (*Bencao Gangmu*), Bingxue Yu.
Chen Cangqi stated: Zuo Si wrote in *Shudu Fu*: ...ears, how could fish choose days to enter or exit? According to *Baopuzi*: Swallows...
Li Shizhen stated: "Jia" means beautiful. Du Fu's poem says: "Fish know why Bingxue is ever so fair," which is correct. In Heyang, it is called... People call it Zhuo Yu, implying its dull nature. There are various theories regarding Bingxue. According to the commentary on *Wenxuan*: ...It is usually caught in the third (or eighth) month. "Bing" is a place name. *Shuijing Zhu* states: Bing Water originates from Bing Cave. The cave mouth faces the Bing direction, hence the name. Jia Yu often exits the cave in... month and enters in the tenth month. Huang He stated: ...In all counties, there are Bing Caves. Jia Yu often emerges in late spring and enters the cave in winter.
[Collected Explanations] Kou Zongshi stated: Jia Yu is a small fish in the Milk Cave. It constantly feeds on milk water, thus benefiting humans.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Ren Yu's *Yizhou Ji*: Jia Yu is found everywhere in Shu Commandery. It resembles the Carp, but its scales are as fine as those of the Trout, and its flesh is fat and delicious. The large ones... Fish appear before the Spring She festival... *Yu Heng Zhi* states: In Rongcheng County, Cangwu River... It can also be made into...
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Meng Xian stated: It may slightly aggravate infantile malnutrition and chronic diseases.
[Indications] Tonifies deficiency and consumptive disorders (Meng Xian). The oil obtained by steaming is collected in a bottle and buried in the soil for extraction...
(From Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Jia Yu (pronounced "wei"). Zhuo Yu (*Bencao Gangmu*), Bingxue Yu.
Chen Cangqi stated: Zuo Si wrote in *Shudu Fu*: ...ears, how could fish choose days to enter or exit? According to *Baopuzi*: Swallows...
Li Shizhen stated: "Jia" means beautiful. Du Fu's poem says: "Fish know why Bingxue is ever so fair," which is correct. In Heyang, it is called... People call it Zhuo Yu, implying its dull nature. There are various theories regarding Bingxue. According to the commentary on *Wenxuan*: ...It is usually caught in the third (or eighth) month. "Bing" is a place name. *Shuijing Zhu* states: Bing Water originates from Bing Cave. The cave mouth faces the Bing direction, hence the name. Jia Yu often exits the cave in... month and enters in the tenth month. Huang He stated: ...In all counties, there are Bing Caves. Jia Yu often emerges in late spring and enters the cave in winter.
[Collected Explanations] Kou Zongshi stated: Jia Yu is a small fish in the Milk Cave. It constantly feeds on milk water, thus benefiting humans.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Ren Yu's *Yizhou Ji*: Jia Yu is found everywhere in Shu Commandery. It resembles the Carp, but its scales are as fine as those of the Trout, and its flesh is fat and delicious. The large ones... Fish appear before the Spring She festival... *Yu Heng Zhi* states: In Rongcheng County, Cangwu River... It can also be made into...
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Meng Xian stated: Slightly toxic, but its taste is extremely precious and delicious.
[Indications] Consumption makes one plump, strong, and radiant ( *Kaibao Bencao* ). Boiled consumption treats...
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi stated: This fish feeds on milk water, and its efficacy is similar to milk. Long-term consumption strengthens the body more than milk does, resembling... Meng Xian stated: It often lives in holes under cliffs and rocks, feeding on limestone dust, hence its tonifying properties.