（《别录》下品）
【释名】龙鲤（郭璞）、穿山甲（《图经》）、
时珍曰∶其形肖鲤，穴陵而居，故曰鲮鲤，而俗称为穿山甲，郭璞赋谓之龙鲤。《临海
水土
【集解】
颂曰∶鲮鲤即今穿山甲也。生湖广、岭南，及金、商、均、房诸州，深山大谷中皆有之。
弘景曰∶形似鼍而短小，又似鲤而有四足，黑色，能陆能水。日中出岸，张开鳞甲如死
状，诱蚁入甲，即闭而入水，开甲蚁皆浮出，因接而食之。
时珍曰∶鲮鲤状如鼍而小，背如鲤而阔，首如鼠而无牙，腹无鳞而有毛，长舌尖喙，
尾与身等。尾鳞尖浓，有三角，腹五内腑俱全。而胃独大，常吐舌诱蚁食之。曾剖其胃，约
蚁升许也。
甲
【修治】
时珍曰∶方用或炮、或烧，或酥炙、醋炙、童便炙，或油煎、土炒、蛤粉炒，当各随本
方，未有生用者。仍以尾甲乃力胜。
【气味】咸，微寒，有毒。
【主治】五邪，惊啼悲伤，烧灰，酒服方寸匕。疗蚁 （《别录
魅悲泣，及疥癣痔漏（大明）。疗
权）。
除痰疟寒热，风痹强直疼痛，通经脉，下乳汁，消痈肿，排脓血，通窍杀虫（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶此物食蚁，故治蚁 。
时珍曰∶穿山甲入厥阴、阳明经。古方鲜用，近世风疟、疮科、通经、下乳，用为要药
。盖此物穴山而居，寓水而食。出阴入阳，能窜经络，达于病所故也。按∶刘伯温《多能鄙
事》
于堤岸上杀
其性之走窜可知矣。谚曰∶穿山甲，王不留，妇人食了乳长流。亦言其迅速也。李仲南言∶
其性专行散，
所致，浑身上下
或臂胁疼痛处，即于鲮鲤身上取甲炮熟，同全蝎（炒）十一个，葱、姜同水煎，入无灰酒一
匙，热服，取汗（避风）甚良。
【附方】旧四，新十九。
中风瘫痪，手足不举∶用穿山甲（左瘫用右甲，右痪用左甲，炮熟）、大川乌头（炮熟）、
红海蛤（如棋子大者）各二两，为末。每用半两，捣葱白汁和成浓饼，径寸半，随左右贴脚
心，
缚定。密室安坐，以贴药脚浸热汤盆中，待身麻汗出，急去药。宜谨避风，自然手足可举。
半月再行一次，除根。忌口，远色，调养。亦治诸风疾。（《卫生宝鉴》）
一两，干枣十个，同烧存性，为末。每服二钱，发日，五更井花水服。（《杨氏家藏》）
里急∶穿山甲、蛤粉等分，同炒研末。每服一钱，空心温酒下。（《普济方》
血∶用穿山甲（烧存性）一两，肉豆蔻三枚，为末。每米饮服二钱。甚者加 皮灰一两，中
病
即止。（《衍义》）
香
半钱，为末。每服一钱半，真茶汤
猪脂调敷。（《千金方》）
妇人阴 ，硬如卵状∶随病之左右，取穿山甲之左右边五钱，以沙炒焦黄，为末。每服二钱，
酒下。（《摘玄方》）
梳乳，即通。（《单骧方》）
然铜（生用）半两，为末。每
末
。每服五分，入麝香少许，温酒服。即发红色，如神。（《直指方》）
入谷芒热灰中，炮焦为末）二两，入麝香少许。
马疔肿毒∶穿山甲（烧存性）、贝母等分为末。酒调服，三、四次。乃用下药，利去恶物即
愈。（鲍氏方）
和
麻油、轻粉涂之。或只以末涂之。（《直指》）
敷之。《寿域方》∶用穿山甲（土炒）、斑蝥、熟艾等分，为
四
壮，效。
蚁入耳内∶鲮鲤甲烧研，水调，灌入即出。（《肘后》）
许，吹之。三日水干即愈。（《鲍氏小儿方》）
黄，为末。每吹一字入耳内。亦治耳聋。（《普济方》）
水、钟、鼓声。用穿山甲一大片（以蛤粉炒赤），去粉，蝎梢七个，麝香少许，为末，以麻
油
一滴化蜡，和作梃子，绵裹塞之。（《摄生众妙方》）
卷作绳，烧烟熏之。（《寿域方》）
如此七次，为末。随左右眼，用
亲》）
肉
【气味】甘，涩，温，有毒。
时珍曰∶按∶张杲《医说》云∶鲮鲤肉最动风。风疾人才食数脔，其疾一发，四肢顿废
。时珍窃谓此物性窜而行血，风人多血虚故也。然其气味俱恶，亦不中用。
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】龙鲤（郭璞称）、穿山甲（《本草图经》称）。
李时珍说：它的形状像鲤鱼，在土丘中打洞居住，所以叫鲮鲤，而俗称为穿山甲，郭璞在赋中称它为龙鲤。《临海水土物志》也有记载。
【集解】
苏颂说：鲮鲤就是现在的穿山甲。生长在湖广、岭南地区，以及金州、商州、均州、房州等各州，深山峡谷中都有。
陶弘景说：形状像鼍（扬子鳄）但短小，又像鲤鱼但有四只脚，黑色，既能生活在陆地也能生活在水中。白天爬上岸，张开鳞甲装死，引诱蚂蚁进入甲壳内，随即闭甲入水，打开甲壳后蚂蚁都浮出水面，于是接住吃掉。
李时珍说：鲮鲤状如鼍但较小，背部像鲤鱼且宽阔，头部像鼠但没有牙齿，腹部没有鳞而有毛，长舌尖嘴，尾巴与身体等长。尾部的鳞片尖锐浓密，呈三角形，腹内的五脏六腑俱全。其中胃特别大，经常吐出舌头引诱蚂蚁食用。曾经剖开它的胃，大约有升许的蚂蚁。
【修治】
李时珍说：药用时有的炮制、有的烧制，有的用酥炙、醋炙、童便炙，有的用油煎、土炒、蛤粉炒，应当各自遵循原方规定，没有生用的。其中以尾甲药效最强。
【气味】味咸，性微寒，有毒。
【主治】治疗五邪、惊啼悲伤，烧成灰，用酒送服方寸匕。（出自《名医别录》）治疗蚁魅悲泣，以及疥癣痔漏（出自唐慎微《证类本草》引大明）。除痰疟寒热，风痹强直疼痛，通经脉，下乳汁，消痈肿，排脓血，通窍杀虫（李时珍）。
【发明】
陶弘景说：此物吃蚂蚁，所以能治疗蚁疾。
李时珍说：穿山甲入厥阴经、阳明经。古方中很少使用，近代在治疗风疟、疮科、通经、下乳方面，将其作为要药。大概是因为此物在山中打洞居住，在水中觅食。出阴入阳，能够穿行经络，直达病所。据刘伯温《多能鄙事》记载：在堤岸上杀死它，其性之走窜可知了。谚语说：穿山甲，王不留，妇人食了乳长流。也是说它作用迅速。李仲南说：其性专门行散，如果是臂胁疼痛处，就在穿山甲身上取甲炮熟，同全蝎（炒）十一个，葱、姜同水煎，加入无灰酒一匙，热服，取汗（避风），效果很好。
【附方】旧方四个，新方十九个。
中风瘫痪，手足不能举起：用穿山甲（左瘫用右甲，右痪用左甲，炮熟）、大川乌头（炮熟）、红海蛤（如棋子大小者）各二两，研为末。每次用半两，捣葱白汁和成浓饼，直径一寸半，随左右贴在脚心，绑紧。在密室安坐，将贴药的脚浸泡在热汤盆中，待身体麻木出汗，急忙去掉药物。应当谨慎避风，自然手足可以举起。半个月再进行一次，以除根。忌口，远色，调养。也治疗各种风疾。（《卫生宝鉴》）
[此处原文有缺漏，推测为疟疾相关方]一两，干枣十个，同烧存性，研为末。每次服用二钱，发病日，五更天井花水送服。（《杨氏家藏方》）
里急后重：穿山甲、蛤粉等分，同炒研末。每次服用一钱，空腹温酒送下。（《普济方》）
血痢：用穿山甲（烧存性）一两，肉豆蔻三枚，研为末。每次米饮送服二钱。严重的加粟皮灰一两，中病即止。（《衍义》）
猪脂调敷。（《千金方》）
妇人阴户肿痛，硬如卵状：随病的左右，取穿山甲的左右边五钱，以沙炒焦黄，研为末。每次服用二钱，酒送下。（《摘玄方》）
[此处原文有缺漏，推测为催乳方]梳乳，即通。（《单骧方》）
然铜（生用）半两，研为末。每次服用五分，入麝香少许，温酒服。即发红色，如神。（《直指方》）
入谷芒热灰中，炮焦为末）二两，入麝香少许。
马疔肿毒：穿山甲（烧存性）、贝母等分为末。酒调服，三、四次。然后用下药，利去恶物即愈。（鲍氏方）
和麻油、轻粉涂之。或只以末涂之。（《直指方》）
敷之。《寿域方》：用穿山甲（土炒）、斑蝥、熟艾等分，为末。四壮，效。
蚁入耳内：鲮鲤甲烧研，水调，灌入即出。（《肘后备急方》）
许，吹之。三日水干即愈。（《鲍氏小儿方》）
黄，为末。每吹一字入耳内。亦治耳聋。（《普济方》）
水、钟、鼓声。用穿山甲一大片（以蛤粉炒赤），去粉，蝎梢七个，麝香少许，为末，以麻油一滴化蜡，和作梃子，绵裹塞之。（《摄生众妙方》）
卷作绳，烧烟熏之。（《寿域方》）
如此七次，为末。随左右眼，用亲》）
肉
【气味】味甘，涩，性温，有毒。
李时珍说：按张杲《医说》记载：鲮鲤肉最动风。风疾人才吃几块，其病就会发作，四肢顿时废用。李时珍私下认为此物性窜而行血，风人多血虚的缘故。然而其气味俱恶，也不中用。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
[Nomenclature] Longli (as named by Guo Pu), Shanchuanjia (as named in *Tu Jing*).
Li Shizhen stated: Its shape resembles a carp, and it dwells in burrows on hills, hence the name Lingli. It is commonly known as Shanchuanjia (Pangolin), and Guo Pu referred to it as Longli in his fu poem. Records also exist in *Lin Hai Shui Tu*.
[Collection and Explanation]
Su Song stated: Lingli is the current Pangolin. It is found in Huguang, Lingnan, and various prefectures such as Jin, Shang, Jun, and Fang, inhabiting deep mountains and valleys.
Tao Hongjing stated: It resembles an alligator but is smaller, and like a carp but has four feet. It is black, capable of living both on land and in water. During the day, it climbs ashore, spreads its scales as if dead, luring ants into the armor, then closes the armor and enters the water. Upon opening the armor, the ants float out, which it then catches and eats.
Li Shizhen stated: The Lingli is small like an alligator, with a back broad like a carp, a head like a rat but without teeth, and a belly covered in hair rather than scales. It has a long tongue and pointed beak, with a tail equal in length to its body. The tail scales are sharp and dense, triangular in shape. Its internal organs are complete, but the stomach is particularly large, often extending its tongue to lure ants for food. Once dissected, its stomach contained approximately one sheng of ants.
[Processing]
Li Shizhen stated: For medicinal use, they may be processed by roasting, burning, frying with butter, vinegar, or child's urine, or fried in oil, stir-fried with soil, or stir-fried with clam powder. One should follow the specific prescription; raw usage is not employed. Among them, the tail scales possess the strongest efficacy.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, slightly cold, toxic.
[Indications] Treats wu xie (five pathogenic factors), frightful crying, and sorrow. Burned to ash and taken with wine using a fang cun bi measure. Treats ailments caused by ant spirits and weeping, as well as scabies, tinea, hemorrhoids, and fistulas (Da Ming). Resolves phlegm, malaria chills and fevers, wind-bi stiffness and pain, unblocks meridians, promotes lactation, reduces carbuncles and swelling, discharges pus and blood, opens orifices, and kills parasites (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Tao Hongjing stated: Since this creature eats ants, it treats ant-related ailments.
Li Shizhen stated: Pangolin enters the Jueyin and Yangming meridians. It was rarely used in ancient prescriptions but has become a key medicine in recent times for treating wind-malaria, skin diseases, unblocking meridians, and promoting lactation. This is likely because it burrows in mountains and feeds in water, moving from yin to yang, capable of penetrating meridians and reaching the disease site. According to Liu Bowen's *Duo Neng Bi Shi*: killing it on a dike reveals its penetrating nature. The proverb says: "Pangolin and Galium verum, once consumed by women, milk flows freely." This also speaks to its rapid action. Li Zhongnan stated: Its nature is specifically dispersing. For pain in the arms or flanks, take roasted pangolin scales, combine with eleven stir-fried Quanxie (Scorpio), decoct with green onion and ginger, add one spoonful of pure wine, drink hot, induce sweating (avoid wind), which is very effective.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old, nineteen new.
Stroke paralysis, inability to move limbs: Use Shanchuanjia (right scale for left hemiplegia, left scale for right hemiplegia, roasted), Da Chuan Wutou (roasted), and Hong Haige (size of a chess piece) each two liang, powdered. Take half a liang each time, mix with juice of green onion white parts to form a thick cake, 1.5 cun in diameter. Apply to the sole of the foot corresponding to the affected side, and bind tightly. Sit quietly in a sealed room, immerse the foot with the applied medicine in a basin of hot water. When the body feels numb and sweats, remove the medicine immediately. Avoid wind carefully. Limbs will naturally recover. Repeat once every half month to eradicate the root. Observe dietary restrictions, avoid sexual activity, and rest. Also treats various wind diseases (*Weisheng Baojian*).
[Text fragment missing] One liang, ten dried dates, burned to retain their nature, powdered. Take two qian each time on the day of onset, at dawn with well water (*Yangshi Jiancang*).
Tenesmus: Shanchuanjia and Ha Fen (Clam Powder) in equal parts, stir-fried together and powdered. Take one qian each time with warm wine on an empty stomach (*Puji Fang*).
Blood dysentery: Use Shanchuanjia (burned to retain nature) one liang, Roudoukou (Nutmeg) three pieces, powdered. Take two qian each time with rice water. For severe cases, add one liang of Suli (Corn Silk) ash. Stop when the illness subsides (*Yanyi*).
[Pig fat application] (*Qianjin Fang*).
Female genital swelling hard like an egg: Depending on the side of the disease, take five qian of the corresponding left or right side of Shanchuanjia, stir-fried with sand until yellow and scorched, powdered. Take two qian each time with wine (*Zhaixuan Fang*).
[Promote lactation] (*Danxiang Fang*).
Rantong (used raw) half a liang, powdered. Take five fen each time with a little Shexiang (Musk) and warm wine. Redness appears, miraculous effect (*Zhizhi Fang*).
[Puncture wound treatment] Two liang, with a little Musk.
Horse carbuncle and toxic swelling: Shanchuanjia (burned to retain nature) and Bei Mu (Fritillaria) in equal parts, powdered. Mix with wine and take, three to four times. Then use a purgative to expel evil substances, and it will heal (Bao's Formula).
Mix with sesame oil and Qingfen (Calomel) to apply. Or apply powder only (*Zhizhi*).
Apply. *Shouyu Fang*: Use Shanchuanjia (stir-fried with soil), Banmao (Mylabris), and Shu Ai (Mugwort) in equal parts, powdered. Four moxa cones, effective.
Ants entering the ear: Burn Lingli scales to ash, mix with water, and instill to expel them (*Zhouhou*).
[Text fragment] Blow it. Dry up in three days and it heals (*Bao's Pediatric Formula*).
Yellow powder, blow one zi into the ear. Also treats deafness (*Puji Fang*).
Water, bell, and drum sounds. Use a large piece of Shanchuanjia (stir-fried red with clam powder), remove powder, seven Xieshao (Scorpion tip), a little Musk, powdered. Melt wax with a drop of sesame oil, mix into a stick, wrap in cotton, and insert (*Shesheng Zhongmiao Fang*).
Roll into a rope, burn to smoke and fumigate (*Shouyu Fang*).
Do this seven times, powder it. Apply to the affected eye according to left or right... (*Qinqin*?).
Meat
[Properties] Sweet, astringent, warm, toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Zhang Gao's *Yi Shuo*: Pangolin meat most easily triggers wind. A patient with wind disease eating just a few bites will have an attack, causing limbs to become paralyzed instantly. Li Shizhen privately believes that since this substance moves blood rapidly, and wind patients often have blood deficiency, this occurs. However, its flavor and odor are unpleasant, and it is not useful.