（见 米下）。
苗
【主治】诸黄，利小便，杵汁日日服（《类要》）。冬月面目手足皴瘃，煮汁洗之（《时
珍》）。
【附方】新一。
小便不通∶陈大麦秸，煎浓汁，频服。（《简便方》）
大麦奴
【主治】解热疾，消药毒（藏器）。
（音矿。《别录》中品）
【释名】时珍曰∶ 之壳浓而粗矿也。
【集解】弘景曰∶ 麦是马所食者。服食家并食大、 二麦，令人轻健。
炳曰∶ 麦西川人种食之。山东、河北人正月种之，名春 。形状与大麦相似。
时珍曰∶ 麦有二种∶一类小麦而大，一类大麦而大。
颂曰∶ 麦，即大麦一种皮浓者。陈藏器谓即大麦之连壳者，非也。按∶《别录》自有
麦功用，其皮岂可食乎？详大麦下。
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
弘景曰∶此麦性热而云微寒，恐是作屑与合壳异也。
恭曰∶ 麦性寒，陶云性热，非矣。江东少有故也。
大明曰∶暴食似动冷气，久即益人。
【主治】轻身除热。久服，令人多力健行。作 ，温中消食（《别录》）。补中，不动风
气。作饼食，良（萧炳）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《别录》麦 附见 麦下，而大麦下无之，则作 当以 为良也。今
人通用，不复分别矣。
（《唐本草》）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【释名】燕麦（《唐本》）、 （音药）、杜姥草（《外台》）、牛星草。
时珍曰∶此野麦也。燕雀所食，故名。《日华本草》谓此为瞿麦者，非矣。
【集解】恭曰∶雀麦在处有之，生故墟野林下。苗叶似小麦而弱，其实似 麦而细。
宗 曰∶苗与麦同，但穗细长而疏。唐·刘梦得所谓“菟葵燕麦，动摇春风”者也。周
定王曰∶燕麦穗极细，每穗又分小叉十数个，子亦细小。舂去皮，作面蒸食，及作饼食，
皆可救荒。
【附方】旧三。
胎死腹中，胞衣不下上抢心∶用雀麦一把，水五升，煮二升，温服。（《子母秘录》）。
齿 并虫，积年不瘥，从少至老者∶用雀麦，一名杜姥草，俗名牛星草。用苦瓠叶三十
枚，洗净。取草剪长二寸，以瓠叶作五包包之，广一寸，浓五分。以三年酢渍之。至日中，
以两包火中炮令热，纳口中，熨齿外边，冷更易之。取包置水中解视，即有虫长三分。老者
黄色，少者白色。多即二、三十枚，少即一、二十枚。此方甚妙。（《外台秘要》）
米
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】充饥滑肠（时珍）。
苗
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】女人产不出，煮汁饮之（苏恭）。
（参见“米”条之下）。
麦苗
【主治】各种黄疸，通利小便，捣取汁液每日服用（出自《类要》）。冬季面部、眼部及手足皮肤干裂冻疮，煮汁清洗患处（李时珍自注）。
【附方】新增一方。
小便不通：陈年的大麦秸秆，煎煮成浓汁，频繁服用。（出自《简便方》）
（音同“矿”。收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】李时珍说：“麸”的壳浓厚且粗糙。
【集解】陶弘景说：“麸”是马所食用的麦子。服食养生者同时食用大、小两种麦，能使人身体轻健。
萧炳说：“麸”在四川地区种植食用。山东、河北地区的人在正月播种，称为春麸。形状与大麦相似。
李时珍说：“麸”有两种：一类像小麦但颗粒较大，一类像大麦但颗粒较大。
苏颂说：“麸”，就是大麦的一种皮较厚的品种。陈藏器认为它就是连壳的大麦，这是不对的。考察《名医别录》自有“麸”的功效记载，它的皮难道是可以吃的吗？详见“大麦”条下。
【气味】甘味，微寒，无毒。
陶弘景说：这种麦性热却说微寒，恐怕是因为磨成屑与带壳不同所致。
苏恭说：“麸”性寒，陶弘景说性热，是不对的。这是因为江东地区很少见到它罢了。
孟诜说：暴食似乎会引发冷气病，久吃则对人有益。
【主治】使身体轻健，清除内热。长期服用，能使人力气增大，行走强健。制成麸片，能温中暖胃，消食化积（《名医别录》）。补益中气，不扰动风气。做成饼食用，很好（萧炳）。
【发明】李时珍说：《名医别录》将“麸”附在“麦”条下，而“大麦”条下没有记载，那么制作“麸”应当以用“麦”为原料为好。现在的人通用，不再分别了。
（出自《新修本草》）
【校正】从草部移入此处。
【释名】燕麦（《唐本草》）、莜麦（音同“药”）、杜姥草（《外台秘要》）、牛星草。
李时珍说：这是野生的麦子。燕雀食用它，所以得名。《日华子本草》称这是瞿麦，是不对的。
【集解】苏恭说：雀麦到处都有，生长在旧废墟、野外树林下。苗叶像小麦但较弱，果实像“麸”麦但更细小。
寇宗奭说：苗与麦相同，只是穗细长且稀疏。唐代刘禹锡所说的“菟葵燕麦，动摇春风”指的就是这个。周定王说：燕麦穗极细，每穗又分出十多个小叉，籽粒也细小。舂去外皮，磨面蒸食，以及做饼食用，都可以用来救荒。
【附方】原有三方。
胎死腹中，胞衣不下并上冲心胸：用一把雀麦，水五升，煮至二升，温服。（出自《子母秘录》）。
牙齿疼痛并有虫蛀，多年不愈，从年轻到年老：用雀麦，一名杜姥草，俗名牛星草。用苦瓠叶三十片，洗净。取草剪成长二寸，用瓠叶包成五个包裹，宽一寸，厚五分。用三年的醋浸泡。到中午时，取两包在火中烤热，放入口中，熨烫牙齿外部，冷了再更换。取出包裹放在水中解开查看，就有虫子长三分。年老的呈黄色，年轻的呈白色。多的有二三十条，少的有一二十条。此方非常奇妙。（出自《外台秘要》）
(See under the entry for "Rice").
Wheat Sprouts
[Indications] Various types of jaundice, promotes urination, crush and take the juice daily (from *Lei Yao*). In winter, for cracked skin on the face, eyes, hands, and feet due to cold and dryness, wash with boiled juice (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Urinary retention: Decoct old barley stalks into a concentrated liquid, take frequently (from *Jian Bian Fang*).
Da Mai Nu (Young Barley)
[Indications] Resolves heat diseases, eliminates drug toxicity (Chen Cangqi).
(Fonetic sound similar to "Kuang". Listed in Middle Grade in *Bie Lu*)
[Eponymy] Li Shizhen states: The husk of "Fu" is thick and coarse.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Hongjing states: "Fu" is wheat eaten by horses. Those practicing dietary therapy consume both large and small wheats, which makes one light and vigorous.
Xiao Bing states: "Fu" is planted and consumed in Sichuan. People in Shandong and Hebei plant it in the first lunar month, calling it Spring "Fu". Its shape resembles large barley.
Li Shizhen states: There are two types of "Fu": one resembles small wheat but is larger, and the other resembles large wheat but is larger.
Su Song states: "Fu" is a variety of large wheat with thicker husks. Chen Cangqi claimed it was simply large wheat with the husk attached, which is incorrect. Examining *Bie Lu*, there are independent functions recorded for "Fu"; how could its husk be edible? See details under the "Large Barley" entry.
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Tao Hongjing states: This wheat is said to have a hot nature yet described as slightly cold; this may be due to differences between bran flakes and whole kernels.
Su Gong states: "Fu" has a cold nature; Tao's claim of a hot nature is incorrect. This is because it is rare in the Jiangdong region.
Meng Shen states: Consuming excessively may induce cold qi symptoms, but long-term consumption benefits the body.
[Indications] Makes the body light and clears heat. Long-term consumption increases strength and improves walking ability. Prepared as bran flakes, it warms the middle jiao and aids digestion (*Bie Lu*). Nourishes the center, does not stir up wind qi. Making it into cakes for eating is excellent (Xiao Bing).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: In *Bie Lu*, "Fu" is appended under the "Wheat" entry, but absent under "Large Barley", implying that using "Wheat" is superior for making "Fu". Nowadays, people use them interchangeably without distinction.
(From *Tang Ben Cao*)
[Correction] Moved from the Herb Section to here.
[Eponymy] Yan Mai (Oat) (*Tang Ben*), You Mai (Fonetic sound similar to "Yao"), Du Lao Cao (*Wai Tai*), Niu Xing Cao.
Li Shizhen states: This is wild wheat. Eaten by swallows and sparrows, hence the name. *Ri Hua Ben Cao* identifies this as Dianthus superbus (Qumai), which is incorrect.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong states: Que Mai is found everywhere, growing in old ruins, fields, and underwoods. The sprouts and leaves resemble small wheat but are weaker; the grains resemble "Fu" wheat but are finer.
Kong Zongshi states: The sprouts are similar to wheat, but the ears are slender and sparse. This is what Liu Mengde of the Tang Dynasty referred to as "Tu Kui and Oats, swaying in the spring wind." King Zhou Ding stated: Oat ears are extremely fine, each splitting into ten or more small branches, with tiny seeds. After pounding off the husk, it can be made into flour for steaming or baking cakes, serving well as famine relief food.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three existing prescriptions.
Fetus dead in the womb, placenta retained and rushing upward to the heart/chest: Use a handful of Que Mai, five sheng of water, boil down to two sheng, take warm (*Zi Mi Mi Lu*).
Toothache accompanied by worms, chronic for years from youth to old age: Use Que Mai, also known as Du Lao Cao, commonly called Niu Xing Cao. Take thirty bitter gourd leaves, wash clean. Cut the grass into two-cun lengths, wrap in five bundles using gourd leaves, one cun wide and half a cun thick. Soak in three-year-old vinegar. At noon, take two bundles, roast over fire until hot, place in the mouth, and apply externally to the teeth. Replace when cool. Unwrap the bundle in water to inspect; worms will appear, about three fen long. Older ones are yellow, younger ones white. There may be twenty to thirty, or as few as ten to twenty. This prescription is very effective (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*).
Mai Mi (Wheat Grain)
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Satisfies hunger, lubricates the intestines (Li Shizhen).
Mai Miao (Wheat Sprouts)
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] For women experiencing difficult labor, decoct and drink the juice (Su Gong).