（《纲目》）
【释名】牛皮胶（《食疗》）、水胶（《外台》）、海犀膏。
【正误】权曰∶白胶，一名黄明胶。颂曰∶今方家所用黄明胶，多是牛皮。《本经》阿
胶亦用牛皮。是二胶亦通用。但今牛皮胶制作不精，故不堪用，只以胶物耳。而鹿角胶《本
经》谓之白胶，处处能作，但功倍于牛胶，故鲜有真者。时珍曰∶案∶《本经》，白胶一名鹿
角胶，煮鹿角作之；阿胶一名傅致胶，煮牛皮作之。其说甚明。黄明胶即今水胶，乃牛皮所
作，其色黄明，非白胶也，但非阿井水所作耳。甄权以黄明为鹿角白胶，唐慎微又采黄明诸
方附之，并误矣。今正其误，析附阿胶之后。但其功用，亦与阿胶仿佛。苟阿胶难得，则真
牛皮胶亦可权用。其性味皆平补，宜于虚热。若鹿角胶则性味热补，非虚热者所宜，不可不
致辩也。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】吐血、衄血、下血、血淋下痢，妊妇胎动血下，风湿走注疼痛，打扑伤损，汤
火灼疮，一切痈疽肿毒，活血止痛，润燥，利大小肠（时珍）。
【附方】新二十四。
三钱，生地黄汁调下。（《普济方》）肺破出血或嗽血不止∶用海犀膏（即水胶）一大片炙黄，
涂酥再
炙，研末。用白汤化三钱放冷服之，即止。（《斗门方》）吐血咯血∶黄明胶一两切片炙黄，
新绵一两烧研。每服一钱，食后米饮服，日再。（《食疗》）衄血不止∶黄明胶荡软，贴山根
至发际。（《三因》）妊娠下血∶黄明胶二两，酒煮化，顿服之。（《肘后方》）咳嗽不瘥∶黄
明胶炙研。每服一钱，人参末二钱，薄豉汤二盏，葱白少许，煎沸。嗽时温呷三五口，即止。
（《食疗》）肾虚失精∶水胶三两，研末。以酒二碗化服，日三服。（《千金》）面上木痹∶牛
皮胶化，和桂末，浓涂一二分，良。（叶氏《摘玄方》）
寒湿香港脚∶牛皮胶一块细切，面炒成珠，研末。每服一钱，酒下，其痛立止。（万氏）
风湿走痛∶牛皮胶一两，姜汁半杯，同化成膏，摊纸上，热贴之，冷即易，甚效。一加
乳香、
没药一钱。（邓笔峰方）脚底木硬∶牛皮胶，生姜汁化开，调南星末涂上，烘物熨之。尸脚
坼
裂∶烊胶着布上，烘贴之。（《千金方》）破伤中风∶黄明胶烧存性，研末。酒服二钱，取汗。
（《普济方》）跌扑伤损∶真牛皮胶一两，干冬瓜皮一两（锉），同炒存性，研末。每服五钱，
热酒一钟调服。仍饮酒二三钟，暖卧，微汗痛止，一宿接元如故。（蔺氏）汤火伤灼∶水煎
胶
如糊，冷扫涂之。（《斗门》）一切肿毒已溃未溃∶用水胶一片，水渍软，当头开孔贴之。未
有脓者自消，已溃还合者令脓自出。（王焘《外台秘要》）诸般痈肿∶黄明胶一两，水半升化
开，入黄丹一两煮匀，又放温冷，以翎扫上疮口。如未成者，涂其四围自消。（《本事方》）
便毒初起∶水胶熔化，涂之即散。（《直指方》）乳疖初发∶黄明水胶，以浓醋化，涂之立消。
（杨起《简便方》）背疽初发∶《阮氏经验方》∶用黄明牛皮胶四两，酒一碗，重汤顿化，随
意
饮尽。不能饮者，滚白汤饮之。服此毒不内攻，不传恶症。谈野翁《试效方》，以新瓦上烧
存性研末，酒二碗服之。唐氏《经验方》∶又加穿山甲四片，同烧存性。云极妙无比。瘰
结核∶黑牛皮胶熔化，摊膏贴之。已溃者，将膏搓作线，长寸许， 入孔中，频换拭之，取
效。（《杨氏经验》）小儿痘瘢∶黄明胶炒研末，温酒调服一钱匕。痘已出者，服之无瘢；未
出者，服之泻下。（《普济》）
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】牛皮胶（出自《食疗本草》）、水胶（出自《外台秘要》）、海犀膏。
【正误】甄权说：白胶，又名黄明胶。苏颂说：现在医生所用的黄明胶，大多是牛皮制成的。《神农本草经》中的阿胶也是用牛皮制作的。所以这两种胶也可以通用。但是现在牛皮胶的制作不够精细，因此不堪药用，只能用来粘合物品罢了。而鹿角胶在《神农本草经》中称为白胶，各地都能制作，但功效是牛皮胶的数倍，所以现在很少有真正的鹿角胶。李时珍说：查考《神农本草经》，白胶一名鹿角胶，是煮鹿角制成的；阿胶一名傅致胶，是煮牛皮制成的。这种说法非常明确。黄明胶就是现在的水胶，是由牛皮制作的，颜色黄亮透明，不是白胶，只是没有用阿井水制作而已。甄权把黄明胶当作鹿角白胶，唐慎微又采集了关于黄明胶的各种方剂附在其中，都弄错了。现在纠正这些错误，将其附在阿胶之后。但是它的功用，也与阿胶相似。如果阿胶难以得到，那么真正的牛皮胶也可以暂时使用。它们的性味都是平补，适合虚热证。如果是鹿角胶，则性味属于热补，不适合虚热证的人，不可不仔细辨别。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】吐血、鼻出血、便血、血淋、痢疾，孕妇胎动不安导致阴道出血，风湿痹痛游走不定，跌打损伤，烫伤火灼疮，一切痈疽肿毒，具有活血止痛、润燥、通利大小肠的功效（李时珍）。
【附方】新收录二十四首。
三钱，用生地黄汁调服。（《普济方》）肺破裂出血或咳嗽咯血不止：取海犀膏（即水胶）一大片，炙烤至黄色，涂酥油后再炙，研成粉末。用温水化开三钱，放冷后服用，出血即止。（《斗门方》）吐血咯血：黄明胶一两，切片炙黄，新棉一两烧成灰研末。每次服用一钱，饭后用米汤送服，每日两次。（《食疗本草》）鼻出血不止：将黄明胶荡软，贴敷于山根至发际处。（《三因极一病证方论》）妊娠下血：黄明胶二两，用酒煮化，一次性服完。（《肘后备急方》）咳嗽久治不愈：黄明胶炙烤后研末。每次服用一钱，配合人参末二钱，薄豉汤两盏，少许葱白，煎至沸腾。咳嗽时温服三五口，即可停止。（《食疗本草》）肾虚遗精：水胶三两，研成粉末。用两碗酒化开后服用，每日三次。（《千金方》）面部麻木：将牛皮胶化开，与桂末混合，浓涂一二分厚，效果良好。（叶氏《摘玄方》）寒湿脚气：取一块牛皮胶细切，用面粉炒成珠状，研成粉末。每次服用一钱，用酒送服，疼痛立即停止。（万氏方）风湿走注疼痛：牛皮胶一两，姜汁半杯，一同化成膏状，摊在纸上，趁热贴敷，冷了即更换，效果很好。另加乳香、没药各一钱。（邓笔峰方）脚底麻木僵硬：牛皮胶，用生姜汁化开，调和南星末涂在上面，用烘热的物品熨烫。尸脚皲裂：烊化胶贴在布上，加热后贴敷。（《千金方》）破伤中风：将黄明胶烧至存性，研成粉末。用酒送服二钱，取汗。（《普济方》）跌打损伤：真牛皮胶一两，干冬瓜皮一两（锉碎），同炒至存性，研成粉末。每次服用五钱，用一杯热酒调服。随后再饮酒二三杯，暖卧休息，微微出汗则疼痛停止，一夜之后元气恢复如常。（蔺汉民氏方）汤火烫伤：用水煎胶如糊状，冷却后扫涂患处。（《斗门方》）一切肿毒已溃或未溃：用水胶一片，用水浸软，在中间开孔贴敷。未出脓的自然消散，已溃烂欲合的促使脓液自行排出。（王焘《外台秘要》）各种痈肿：黄明胶一两，半升水化开，加入黄丹一两煮匀，待温热冷却后，用羽毛扫涂在疮口上。如果未形成的，涂在四周自然消散。（《本事方》）便毒初起：水胶熔化，涂之即散。（《直指方》）乳疖初发：黄明水胶，用浓醋化开，涂之立即消散。（杨起《简便方》）背疽初发：《阮氏经验方》：用黄明牛皮胶四两，一碗酒，隔水炖化，随意饮尽。不能喝酒的，用滚开的白水饮用。服用此药，毒邪不会内攻，不会转化为恶症。谈野翁《试效方》，用新瓦上烧至存性研末，用两碗酒送服。唐氏《经验方》：又加穿山甲四片，同烧至存性。声称极其奇妙无比。瘰疬结核：黑牛皮胶熔化，摊成膏贴敷。已溃烂的，将膏搓成线，长约一寸许，插入孔中，频繁更换擦拭，可取效。（《杨氏经验》）小儿痘疮疤痕：黄明胶炒研成末，温酒调服一钱匕。痘疮已发出的，服用后不留疤痕；未发出的，服用后会腹泻排出。（《普济方》）
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Cowhide Glue (from *Shiliao*, Dietary Therapy), Water Glue (from *Waitai*, Outer Cabinet), Haixi Paste.
[Correction of Errors] Zhen Quan stated: Baijiao is also known as Huangming Jiao. Su Song stated: The Huangming Jiao currently used by physicians is mostly made from cowhide. The Ejiao in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) is also made from cowhide. Thus, these two glues can be used interchangeably. However, the current production of cowhide glue is not refined enough, making it unsuitable for medicinal use; it is only fit for adhering objects. Meanwhile, the Deer Horn Glue is called Baijiao in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. It can be produced everywhere, but its efficacy is several times that of cowhide glue, so genuine Deer Horn Glue is rare nowadays. Li Shizhen stated: According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Baijiao is another name for Deer Horn Glue, made by boiling deer horns; Ejiao is another name for Fuzhi Jiao, made by boiling cowhide. This explanation is very clear. Huangming Jiao is the current Water Glue, made from cowhide, with a yellow and translucent color, not Baijiao; it simply lacks the use of A-jing water. Zhen Quan mistakenly identified Huangming as Deer Horn Baijiao, and Tang Shenwei further erred by collecting various formulas regarding Huangming and attaching them, which is incorrect. We now correct this error and attach it after Ejiao. However, its functions are similar to those of Ejiao. If Ejiao is difficult to obtain, genuine cowhide glue can be used as a substitute. Their nature and flavor are both mildly tonifying, suitable for deficiency-heat syndromes. In contrast, Deer Horn Glue has a hot and tonifying nature and flavor, and is not suitable for those with deficiency-heat; this distinction must be carefully noted.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Epistaxis (nosebleed), hematemesis (vomiting blood), hematochezia (blood in stool), bloody stranguria (dysuria with blood), dysentery, threatened abortion with vaginal bleeding due to fetal unrest, rheumatic pain wandering throughout the body, traumatic injuries, scalds and burns, all types of carbuncles, sores, swellings, and toxic masses. It activates blood circulation, relieves pain, moistens dryness, and promotes urination and bowel movements (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Twenty-four new formulas.
Three qian, taken with juice of fresh Rehmannia root (*Sheng Dihuang*). (From *Puji Fang*) For lung rupture causing bleeding or persistent coughing of blood: Take one large piece of Haixi Paste (i.e., Water Glue), roast until yellow, apply suet oil, roast again, and grind into powder. Dissolve three qian in warm water, let cool, and take orally to stop bleeding immediately. (From *Doumen Fang*) For hematemesis and hemoptysis: Slice one liang of Huangming Jiao and roast until yellow; burn one liang of new cotton wool to ash and grind. Take one qian per dose, administered after meals with rice water, twice daily. (From *Shiliao*) For persistent epistaxis: Soften Huangming Jiao and apply it from the shangen (root of the nose) to the hairline. (From *Sanyin Fang*) For vaginal bleeding during pregnancy: Dissolve two liang of Huangming Jiao in wine and take in one dose. (From *Zhouhou Fang*) For persistent cough: Roast and grind Huangming Jiao. Take one qian mixed with two qian of powdered Ginseng (*Renshen*), two cups of thin fermented soybean soup (*Baochi*), and a little green onion white. Boil until bubbling. When coughing occurs, sip three to five mouthfuls while warm to stop the cough. (From *Shiliao*) For kidney deficiency with seminal emission: Grind three liang of Water Glue into powder. Dissolve in two bowls of wine and take, three times daily. (From *Qianjin Fang*) For facial numbness: Melt cowhide glue, mix with powdered Cinnamon Twig (*Guizhi*), apply thickly at a thickness of one or two fen for good effect. (From Ye Shi's *Zhixuan Fang*) For cold-dampness foot qi: Finely chop one piece of cowhide glue, stir-fry with flour until bead-like, and grind into powder. Take one qian with wine; pain stops immediately. (Wan Shi's Formula) For rheumatic wandering pain: Melt one liang of cowhide glue with half a cup of ginger juice into a paste. Spread on paper, apply while hot, replace when cold. Highly effective. Add one qian each of Frankincense (*Ruxiang*) and Myrrh (*Moyao*). (Deng Bifeng's Formula) For numbness and hardness of the sole: Melt cowhide glue with ginger juice, mix with powdered Arisaema (*Nanxing*), apply, and iron over with heated objects. For cracked feet: Melt glue onto cloth, heat, and apply. (From *Qianjin Fang*) For wind-stroke following trauma: Burn Huangming Jiao to retain its character (charred but not ash), grind into powder. Take two qian with wine to induce sweating. (From *Puji Fang*) For traumatic injury: Stir-fry one liang of genuine cowhide glue with one liang of dried winter melon peel (*Gua Pi*, chopped) until retaining character, then grind. Take five qian per dose, mixed with one cup of hot wine. Drink two to three more cups of wine afterward, lie warmly, and allow slight sweating to stop pain; vitality returns to normal overnight. (Lin Shi's Formula) For scalds and burns: Boil glue in water until paste-like, cool, and sweep/apply to the area. (From *Doumen*) For all swellings and toxic masses, whether ulcerated or not: Soak one piece of Water Glue in water until soft, make a hole in the center, and apply. Unulcerated masses will dissipate naturally; ulcerated ones will drain pus spontaneously. (From Wang Tao's *Waitai Mi Yao*) For various carbuncles and swellings: Dissolve one liang of Huangming Jiao in half a sheng of water, add one liang of Red Lead (*Huandan*), boil evenly, let cool to warm temperature, and sweep onto the wound with a feather. If unformed, apply around the periphery to dissipate. (From *Benshi Fang*) For early-stage inguinal abscess: Melt Water Glue and apply; it will dissipate. (From *Zhizhi Fang*) For early-stage breast furuncle: Dissolve Huangming Water Glue in strong vinegar and apply; it dissipates immediately. (Yang Qi's *Jianbian Fang*) For early-stage back carbuncle: *Ruan Shi's Experienced Formula*: Use four liang of Huangming Cowhide Glue and one bowl of wine, melt in a double boiler, and drink freely. Those who cannot drink alcohol may use boiling water. Taking this prevents internal attack of toxins and transformation into malignant symptoms. Tan Yeweng's *Shixiao Fang*: Burn on a new tile until retaining character, grind, and take with two bowls of wine. Tang Shi's *Experienced Formula*: Add four slices of Pangolin Scales (*Chuanshanjia*, burned to retain character); claimed to be extremely effective. For scrofula and lymphatic tuberculosis: Melt black cowhide glue, spread as plaster and apply. For ulcerated cases, roll the plaster into threads about one cun long, insert into the hole, change frequently, and wipe to achieve effect. (From *Yang Shi Jingyan*) For smallpox scars: Roast and grind Huangming Jiao into powder, take one qian bi with warm wine. For those whose smallpox has erupted, taking this prevents scarring; for those whose eruption has not yet occurred, it induces diarrhea to expel the pathogen. (From *Puji*)