（宋《开宝》）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】木药子（《纲目》）、大苦（《纲目》）、赤药（《图经》）、红药子。时珍曰∶按∶
沈括《笔谈》云∶本草甘草注，引郭璞注《尔雅》云∶ ，大苦者，云即甘草也。蔓生，叶
似薄荷而色青黄，茎赤有节，
【集解】颂曰∶黄药原出岭南，今夔、峡州郡及明、越、秦、陇山中亦有之，以忠州、
万州者为胜。藤生，高三、四尺，根及茎似小桑，十月采根。秦州出者
之赤药，叶似荞麦，枝梗赤色，七月开白花。其根湿时红赤色，曝干即黄。《本经》有药实
根，云生蜀郡山谷。苏恭云∶即药子也，用其核仁。疑即黄药之实。但言叶似杏，其花红白
色，子肉味酸，此为不同。
时珍曰∶黄药子，今处处人栽之。其茎高二、三尺，柔而有节，似藤，实非藤也。叶大
如拳，长三寸许，亦不似桑。其根长者尺许，大者围二、三
肉色颇似羊蹄根。人皆捣其根入染蓝缸中，云易变色也。唐苏恭言，药实根即药子，宋苏颂
遂以为黄药之实。然今黄药冬枯春生，开碎花无实。苏恭所谓药子，亦不专指黄药。则苏颂
所以言，亦未可凭信也。
根
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
大明曰∶凉。治马心肺热疾。
【主治】诸恶肿疮 喉痹，蛇犬咬毒。研水服之，亦含亦涂（《开宝》）。凉血降火，消
瘿解毒（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶孙思邈《千金月令方》∶疗忽生瘿疾一、二年者。以万州黄药子半斤，
须紧重者为上。如轻虚，即是他州者，力慢，须用加倍。取无灰酒一斗，投药入中，固济瓶
口。以糠火烧一复时，待酒冷乃开。时时饮一杯，不令绝酒气。经三、五日后，常把镜自照，
觉消即停饮，不尔便令人项细也。刘禹锡《传信方》亦着其效，云得之邕州从事张 。 目
击有效，复试其验如神。其方并同，惟小有异处，是烧酒候香出外，瓶头有津出即止，不待
一宿，火不可过猛耳。
【附方】旧二，新五。项下瘿气 黄药子一斤洗锉，酒一斗浸之。每日早晚常服一盏。
忌一切毒物，及戒怒。仍以线逐日度之，乃知其效也。（《斗门方》
吐血不止∶药子一两，水煎服。（《圣惠方》）
咯血吐血∶《百一选方》∶用蒲黄、黄药子等分，为末，掌中舐之。王衮《博济方》∶用
黄
鼻衄不止∶黄药子为末。每服二钱，煎淡胶汤下。良久，以新水调面一匙头服之。《兵
部手集方》只以新汲水磨汁一碗，顿服。（《简要济众方》）
产后血晕，恶物冲心，四肢冰冷，唇青腹胀，昏迷∶红药子一两，头红花一钱，水二盏，
妇人油钗二只，同煎一盏服。大小便俱利，血自下也。（《禹讲师经验方》）
天泡水疮∶黄药子末，搽之。（《集简方》）
【校正】从木部移入此部。
【释名】木药子（《本草纲目》）、大苦（《本草纲目》）、赤药（《图经本草》）、红药子。李时珍说：查考沈括《梦溪笔谈》记载：本草甘草条目下，引用郭璞注释《尔雅》说：“[某字]，大苦”，意思是即甘草。蔓生，叶子像薄荷但颜色青黄，茎红色有节。
【集解】苏颂说：黄药子原产于岭南，现在夔州、峡州郡以及明州、越州、秦州、陇山山中也有生长，以忠州、万州出产的质量最好。藤本植物，高三四尺，根和茎像小桑树，十月采集根部。秦州出产的叫赤药，叶子像荞麦，枝梗红色，七月开白花。其根湿润时呈红赤色，晒干后变黄。《神农本草经》中有药实根，说生长在蜀郡山谷。苏恭说：就是药子，使用它的核仁。怀疑就是黄药子的果实。但书中说叶子像杏，花红白色，果肉味酸，这与黄药子不同。
李时珍说：黄药子，现在到处有人种植。它的茎高二三尺，柔软而有节，像藤，其实不是藤。叶子大如拳头，长约三寸左右，也不像桑叶。长的根有一尺多，粗的直径二、三寸，肉质颜色颇像羊蹄根。人们都捣碎其根放入染蓝的缸中，据说容易变色。唐代苏恭说，药实根即药子，宋代苏颂便认为是黄药子的果实。然而现在黄药子冬天枯萎春天再生，开碎花没有果实。苏恭所说的药子，也不专指黄药子。那么苏颂的说法，也不可轻信。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
孟诜说：凉。治疗马心肺热疾。
【主治】各种恶肿疮疡、喉痹，蛇犬咬伤中毒。研末用水送服，也可以含漱或外涂（《开宝本草》）。凉血降火，消瘿解毒（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：孙思邈《千金月令方》：治疗突然生成的瘿病一、两年的。用万州黄药子半斤，必须紧重的是上品。如果轻虚，就是其他州的，药效慢，需要加倍用量。取无灰酒一斗，将药投入其中，密封瓶口。用糠火烧一个时辰，等酒冷却后再打开。时常喝一杯，不要让酒气断绝。经过三、五日后，常拿镜子自己照看，觉得瘿瘤消退就停止饮用，否则就会让人脖子变细。刘禹锡《传信方》也记载了其疗效，说是从邕州从事张处得知。亲眼目睹有效，再次试验验证如神。方子基本相同，只有细微差别，是烧酒候香气冒出，瓶头有津液渗出就停止，不必等到一夜，火不可过猛罢了。
【附方】旧方二首，新方五首。项下瘿气：黄药子一斤洗净锉碎，酒一斗浸泡。每日早晚常服一盏。忌食一切毒物，并戒怒。仍以线绳每日测量颈部粗细，才能知道疗效。（《斗门方》）
吐血不止：药子一两，水煎服。（《太平圣惠方》）
咯血吐血：《百一选方》：用蒲黄、黄药子等分，研为末，在掌心舔服。王衮《博济方》：用黄药子……
鼻衄不止：黄药子研为末。每次服用二钱，用淡胶汤送下。许久后，用新汲水调面粉一匙头服下。《兵部手集方》只用新汲水磨汁一碗，一次性服下。（《简要济众方》）
产后血晕，恶露冲心，四肢冰冷，唇青腹胀，昏迷：红药子一两，红花一钱，水两盏，妇人油钗两只，同煎至一盏服。大小便通畅，瘀血自下。（《禹讲师经验方》）
天泡水疮：黄药子末，外搽患处。（《集简方》）
[Correction] Transferred from the Wood Category to this category.
[Names] Muyezi (Wooden Medicinal Root) (Bencao Gangmu), Daku (Great Bitterness) (Bencao Gangmu), Chiyao (Red Medicinal Root) (Tujing Bencao), Hongyaozi (Red Medicinal Root). Li Shizhen said: According to Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bitan", under the entry for Gancao (Licorice Root) in Bencao, it cites Guo Pu's annotation of "Erya" stating that "[Character], Daku" refers to Gancao (Licorice Root). It grows as a vine, leaves resemble Mint (Bohe) but are greenish-yellow, stems are red with nodes.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song said: Huangyaozi originally came from Lingnan. Now it is also found in mountains of Kuizhou, Xiazhou prefectures, and Mingzhou, Yuezhou, Qinzhou, and Longshan areas, with those from Zhongzhou and Wanzhou being superior. It is a vine plant, three or four chi high; roots and stems resemble small Mulberry trees. Roots are harvested in the tenth month. Those from Qinzhou are called Chiyao; leaves resemble Buckwheat, branches and stalks are red, blooming white flowers in the seventh month. When wet, its root is reddish-red; when dried in the sun, it turns yellow. The "Shennong Benjing" mentions Yaoshi Gen (Root of Yaoshi), stating it grows in valleys of Shujun. Su Gong said: It is the same as Yaozi, using its kernel. Suspected to be the fruit of Huangyaozi. However, it states leaves resemble Apricot, flowers are red and white, flesh tastes sour, which differs from Huangyaozi.
Li Shizhen said: Huangyaozi is now planted everywhere by people. Its stem is two or three chi high, soft with nodes, resembling a vine, but actually not a vine. Leaves are as large as a fist, about three cun long, also not resembling Mulberry leaves. Long roots are about one chi long, thick ones have a circumference of two or three cun. The fleshy part resembles Yangti Gen (Alkanna Root/Turmeric Root). People often crush its roots and put them into indigo vats for dyeing, claiming it changes color easily. Tang Dynasty Su Gong stated that Yaoshi Gen is Yaozi; Song Dynasty Su Song then considered it the fruit of Huangyaozi. However, currently Huangyaozi withers in winter and sprouts in spring, producing small flowers without fruits. Su Gong's so-called Yaozi does not specifically refer to Huangyaozi. Therefore, Su Song's statement cannot be trusted.
[Aroma and Flavor] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: Cool. Treats heat diseases of horse heart and lungs.
[Indications] Various malignant swellings, sores, throat obstruction (Houbi), snake and dog bite poison. Grind into powder, take with water, or hold in mouth and apply externally (Kaibao Bencao). Cools blood, descends fire, resolves goiter, detoxifies (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Song said: Sun Simiao's "Qianjin Yueling Fang": For treating sudden onset goiter lasting one or two years. Use half a jin of Huangyaozi from Wanzhou; those that are tight and heavy are superior. If light and hollow, they are from other provinces, with slower efficacy, requiring double dosage. Take one dou of unadulterated wine, put the medicine in, seal the bottle mouth tightly. Burn with chaff for one shichen (two hours), wait until the wine cools before opening. Drink one cup occasionally, do not let the wine aroma cease. After three to five days, frequently look in a mirror; stop drinking when the goiter subsides, otherwise it will make the neck too thin. Liu Yuxi's "Chuanxin Fang" also records its efficacy, obtained from Zhang, an official in Yongzhou. Witnessed effective, tested again with miraculous results. The prescription is basically the same, with minor differences: stop heating when the wine aroma emerges outside and moisture appears at the bottle neck, without waiting for a whole night; the fire must not be too fierce.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old prescriptions, five new ones. Goiter on the neck: One jin of Huangyaozi, washed and chopped, soaked in one dou of wine. Take one cup regularly morning and evening. Avoid all toxic foods and restrain anger. Measure the neck daily with a string to know the efficacy. (Doumen Fang)
Unceasing hematemesis: One liang of Yaozi, decocted in water and taken. (Taiping Shenghui Fang)
Hemoptysis and hematemesis: "Baiyi Xuanfang": Use equal parts of Puhuang (Lygodii Spora) and Huangyaozi, grind into powder, lick from the palm. Wang Gun's "Boji Fang": Use Huangyaozi...
Unceasing epistaxis: Huangyaozi ground into powder. Take two qian each time, administered with dilute gelatin soup. After a while, take one spoonful of flour mixed with fresh well water. "Bingbu Shouji Fang" uses only one bowl of juice ground with fresh well water, taken in one dose. (Jianyao Jizhong Fang)
Postpartum blood dizziness, evil matter rushing to the heart, cold limbs, blue lips, abdominal distension, coma: One liang of Hongyaozi, one qian of Honghua (Carthamus Flower), two zhan of water, two oil hairpins of a woman, decoct together to one zhan and take. Once urination and defecation are smooth, blood stasis will descend naturally. (Yushi Jiang Jingyan Fang)
Tianshui blister sores: Apply Huangyaozi powder externally. (Jijian Fang)