（《本经》下品）
【释名】鼠负（弘景）、负蟠（音烦。《尔雅》）
录》）、 （伊芳威。《本经》）、湿生虫（《图经》）、地鸡（《纲目》）、
弘景曰∶鼠妇，《尔雅》作鼠负，言鼠多在坎中，背粘负之，故曰鼠负。今作妇字，殊
似乖理。
韩保升曰∶多在瓮器底及土坎中，常惹着鼠背，故名。俗亦谓之鼠粘，犹 耳名羊
也。
时珍曰∶按∶陆佃《埤雅》云∶鼠负，食之令人善淫，故有妇名。又名鼠姑，犹鼠妇也
。鼠粘，犹鼠负也。然则妇、负二义俱通矣。因湿化生，故俗名湿生虫。曰地鸡、地虱者，
象形。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鼠妇生魏郡平谷，及人家地上。五月五日采。
颂曰∶今处处有之，多在下湿处、瓮器底及土坎中。《诗》云∶
人则生故也。
宗 曰∶湿生虫多足，大者长三四分，其色如蚓，背有横纹蹙起，用处绝少。
时珍曰∶形似衣鱼稍大，灰色。
【气味】酸，温，无毒。大明曰∶有毒。
【主治】气癃不得小便，妇人月闭血瘕，痫 寒热，利水道《本经》。堕胎（《日华
》）。治久疟寒热，风虫牙齿疼痛，小儿撮口惊风，鹅口疮，痘疮倒靥，解射工毒、蜘蛛毒，
蚰蜒入耳（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶张仲景治久疟，大鳖甲丸中用之，以其主寒热也。
时珍曰∶古方治惊、疟、血病多用之，盖厥阴经药也。《太平御览》载葛洪治疟方∶用
鼠
寒热，用鼠妇四枚，糖裹为丸，水下便断。又用
日汤服二丸，将发时再服二丸便止。又蜘蛛毒人成疮，取此虫食其丝即愈。详蜘蛛下。
【附方】旧一，新八。
产妇尿秘∶鼠妇七枚熬，研末，酒服。（《千金翼》）
撮口脐风∶《圣惠》∶用鼠妇虫杵，绞汁少许，灌之。《陈氏》∶生杵鼠妇及雀瓮汁服之。
鹅口白疮∶地鸡研水涂之，即愈。（《寿域方》）
风虫牙痛∶湿生虫一枚，绵裹咬之。勿令人知。（《圣惠》）
风牙疼痛∶湿生虫、巴豆仁、胡椒各一枚，研匀，饭丸绿豆大。绵裹一丸咬之，良久涎
出吐去，效不可言。（《经效济世方》）
痘疮倒 ∶湿生虫为末，酒服一字，即起。（《痘疹论》）
蚰蜒入耳∶湿生虫，研烂，涂耳边自出。或摊纸上作捻，安入耳中亦出。（《卫生宝鉴》）
射工溪毒∶鼠妇、豆豉各七合、巴豆（去心）三枚，脂和，涂之。（《肘后》）
【附录】丹戬 （《别录》有名未用）曰∶味辛，有毒。主心腹积血。生蜀郡。状如鼠
负，
青股赤头。七月
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】鼠负（陶弘景）、负蟠（音同“烦”，出自《尔雅》）、伊芳威（出自《本经》）、湿生虫（出自《图经》）、地鸡（出自《纲目》）。
陶弘景说：鼠妇，在《尔雅》中写作“鼠负”，意思是老鼠多生活在低洼潮湿之处（坎中），背部容易粘附这种虫子，所以叫“鼠负”。现在写作“妇”字，非常违背事理。
韩保升说：这种虫子多存在于瓮器底部及土坑中，经常附着在老鼠背上，因此得名。民间也称之为“鼠粘”，就像耳垢被称为“羊耵”一样。
李时珍说：查阅陆佃的《埤雅》记载：“鼠负”，食用它能让人性欲亢进，所以有“妇”的名字。又名“鼠姑”，如同“鼠妇”。“鼠粘”如同“鼠负”。那么，“妇”和“负”两个含义都讲得通。因为它因湿气化生，所以俗称“湿生虫”。称为“地鸡”、“地虱”，是因为其形状像鸡或虱子。
【集解】《名医别录》说：鼠妇产于魏郡平谷，以及人家屋地上的泥土中。五月五日采集。
苏颂说：如今到处都有，多生长在潮湿的地方、瓮器底部及土坑中。《诗经》说：“人则生故也”（意指生于陈旧潮湿之处）。
寇宗奭说：湿生虫多足，大的长三四分，颜色像蚯蚓，背上有横纹皱起，药用价值极少。
李时珍说：形状像衣鱼稍大，呈灰色。
【气味】味酸，性温，无毒。唐慎微（大明）说：有毒。
【主治】气癃不得小便（排尿困难），妇人月经闭止血瘕（腹部结块），癫痫寒热，通利水道（《本经》）。堕胎（《日华子本草》）。治疗久疟寒热，风虫引起的牙齿疼痛，小儿撮口惊风，鹅口疮，痘疮倒靥（痘疹内陷不起），解除射工毒、蜘蛛毒，蚰蜒进入耳朵（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：张仲景治疗久疟，在大鳖甲丸中使用它，因为它主要治疗寒热症状。
李时珍说：古方治疗惊风、疟疾、血病多用此药，因为它是厥阴经的药物。《太平御览》记载葛洪治疗疟疾的方子：用鼠妇四枚，用糖包裹做成丸剂，用水送服，疟疾即可停止。又在发作前一日汤服二丸，将要发作时再服二丸，疟疾即止。另外，被蜘蛛咬伤成疮，取此虫吃它的丝就能痊愈。详见蜘蛛条下。
【附方】旧方一个，新方八个。
产妇尿秘：鼠妇七枚炒熟，研成粉末，用酒送服。（《千金翼方》）
撮口脐风：《圣惠方》：用鼠妇虫捣碎，绞取少量汁液，灌服。《陈氏经验方》：生捣鼠妇及雀瓮汁服用。
鹅口白疮：将地鸡研烂加水涂擦患处，即刻痊愈。（《寿域神方》）
风虫牙痛：湿生虫一枚，用棉布包裹咬住患处。不要让人知道。（《圣惠方》）
风牙疼痛：湿生虫、巴豆仁、胡椒各一枚，研匀，用饭团做成绿豆大小的丸剂。用棉布包裹一丸咬住，良久后涎水流出吐出，效果不可言喻。（《经效济世方》）
痘疮倒靥：湿生虫研成粉末，用酒送服一字量，痘疹即刻隆起。（《痘疹论》）
蚰蜒入耳：湿生虫研烂，涂在耳边，蚰蜒会自动爬出。或者摊在纸上做成捻子，塞入耳中也能取出。（《卫生宝鉴》）
射工溪毒：鼠妇、豆豉各七合、巴豆（去心）三枚，用油脂调和，涂抹患处。（《肘后备急方》）
【附录】丹戬（《名医别录》有名未用）说：味辛，有毒。主治心腹积血。产于蜀郡。形状像鼠负，青色的腿，红色的头。七月……
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Shufu (Tao Hongjing), Fupan (pronounced "fan", from *Erya*), Yifangwei (from *Bencao Jing*), Shishengchong (from *Tujing*), Di ji (from *Bencao Gangmu*).
Tao Hongjing stated: In *Erya*, Shufu is written as "Shufu" (Mouse Carrying). It means that mice often live in low, damp places (kan), and this insect sticks to their backs, hence the name "Shufu". Writing it with the character "Fu" (Woman) now is quite contrary to reason.
Han Baosheng said: This insect is mostly found at the bottom of jars and in soil trenches, often attaching to the backs of mice, thus named. The common people also call it "Shunian" (Mouse Sticky), similar to how earwax is called "Yangting" (Sheep Earwax).
Li Shizhen said: According to Lu Dian's *Piya*: "Shufu," eating it makes one prone to lust, hence the name "Fu" (Woman). It is also named "Shugu," just like "Shufu." "Shunian" is equivalent to "Shufu." Thus, both meanings of "Fu" (Woman) and "Fu" (Carrying/Sticking) are valid. Because it is generated by dampness, it is commonly called "Shishengchong" (Damp-Generated Insect). It is called "Di ji" (Earth Chicken) or "Di shi" (Earth Louse) due to its shape resembling a chicken or louse.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shufu grows in Pinggu, Wei Commandery, and on the ground in human dwellings. It is collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Su Song said: It is now found everywhere, mostly in damp places, at the bottom of jars, and in soil trenches. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Humans generate from old things" (implying it arises from stale, damp environments).
Kou Zongshi said: Shishengchong has many legs; the larger ones are three to four fen long, colored like earthworms, with raised transverse wrinkles on their backs. Its medicinal use is extremely rare.
Li Shizhen said: It resembles the silverfish but slightly larger, gray in color.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Sour, warm, non-toxic. Tang Shenwei (Da Ming) said: Toxic.
**[Indications]** Qi long (difficulty in urination), amenorrhea with blood masses (Furen yuebi xuejia), epilepsy with alternating chills and fever, promoting water passage (*Bencao Jing*). Abortion (*Rihua Zi Bencao*). Treatment of chronic malaria with chills and fever, wind-worm toothache, infant lockjaw and convulsions, thrush, inverted smallpox lesions, resolving Shegong toxin, spider venom, and removing centipedes from the ear (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song said: Zhang Zhongjing used it in Da Biejia Wan for treating chronic malaria because it primarily addresses chills and fever.
Li Shizhen said: Ancient formulas for treating convulsions, malaria, and blood disorders frequently used this herb, as it belongs to the Jueyin meridian. *Taiping Yulan* records Ge Hong's formula for malaria: Use four Shufu insects, wrap them in sugar to make pills, and swallow with water to stop the attack. Take two pills with decoction the day before the expected onset, and another two pills just before the attack starts to cease symptoms. Furthermore, for sores caused by spider bites, applying this insect which eats spider silk leads to healing. See the entry for Spider for details.
**[Attached Formulas]** One old formula, eight new formulas.
Postpartum urinary retention: Roast seven Shufu insects, grind into powder, and take with wine (*Qianjin Yifang*).
Infant lockjaw and umbilical wind: *Shenghui Fang*: Crush Shufu insects, squeeze out a small amount of juice, and administer orally. *Chen Shi Formula*: Freshly crush Shufu and Queweng juice and ingest.
Thrush white patches: Grind Di ji (Shufu) with water and apply to the affected area for immediate cure (*Shouyu Shenfang*).
Wind-worm toothache: Wrap one Shishengchong in cotton and bite on it. Do not let others know (*Shenghui Fang*).
Wind toothache: Mix one each of Shishengchong, Semen Crotonis (Badou ren), and Piper nigrum (Hujiao), grind evenly, and form pills the size of mung beans using rice paste. Wrap one pill in cotton and bite on it; after a while, saliva will flow out and should be spat out, yielding remarkable efficacy (*Jingxiao Jishi Fang*).
Inverted smallpox: Grind Shishengchong into powder, take one "zi" dose with wine, and the lesions will immediately rise (*Douzhen Lun*).
Centipede entering the ear: Grind Shishengchong thoroughly, apply around the ear edge, and the centipede will crawl out. Alternatively, spread it on paper to make a roll and insert it into the ear to extract the centipede (*Weisheng Baojian*).
Shegong stream toxin: Mix seven he of Shufu, seven he of Fermented Soybean (Douchi), and three kernels of Semen Crotonis (Badou, heart removed) with animal fat, and apply topically (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
**[Appendix]** Dan Jian (*Mingyi Bielu*, Named but Unused) stated: Pungent, toxic. Treats accumulation of blood in the heart and abdomen. Grows in Shu Commandery. Resembles Shufu, with green legs and a red head. July...