即鹿角胶。药性本草谓白胶一名黄明胶。非是。黄明胶乃牛皮胶也。
一名传致胶。本经阿胶。煮牛皮为之。今世惟重乌驴皮。疗风胜诸胶。必用乌者。取
色属水以制热则生风之义。贵阿井者。以济水所注清而重。其性趋下。故治淤浊及逆上之痰
。
糯米粉炒成珠用。然真者难得。或依法汲咸苦井水。自造用可也。并造白胶法。俱详纲目。
即蜂蜜。以生山石中。色白如膏者良。今用河南白蜜。盖采梨花酿成。殊胜他产。纲
目果部别载石蜜。即今冰糖也。
古之本草。不分部类。于人仅用发皮。海藏汤液。旁附人尿。亦不立人部。盖药本
人胞。重在人也。用之及人。且列人部。失则已甚。人胞创自陈氏拾遗。纲目虽收而未以为
是
。引崔行功只言治人之虚失痨瘵偶用之。崔行功云。炮炙入药。令儿惨夭。于心何忍。濒湖
又言吴燮山大造丸用此。然诸药皆平补。内即无人胞。亦可服饵。今吴门郭氏论此方。谓如
阴
虚精涸。水不制火。发为咳嗽吐血。骨蒸盗汗等症。属阳盛阴虚。服此耗将竭之阴。为患非
细。夫病未甚不必服。病既甚又不宜服。则后之纂述者于此药此方俱逸之可也。
药性本草 宋掌禹锡谓药性论四卷。多与本草戾。未知何人撰。纲目云。即药性本草。
甄权
着也。甄权当唐太宗时。年一百二岁。帝临访药性。因上此书。按唐书权本传。贞观中权已
百岁。太宗幸其舍。视饮食。访逮其术。擢朝散大夫。寻卒。年一百三岁。所撰脉经针方明
堂等图。传于时。其弟立言亦精医。艺文志载甄权脉经一卷。针经钞三卷。针方一卷。明堂
人形图一卷。甄立言本草音义七卷。又本草药性三卷。古今录验方五十卷。则药性属立言。
然多一卷。恐并非立言本。纲目实指甄权。未稳。不若但称药性本草也。
卷帙次第 古本但列上中下三品。不分部类。自后各家编次不同。纲目先水火土金石。
解要
曰草。曰木曰苞。木。曰金石。曰人。曰兽。曰鱼虫。曰果。曰菜谷。今改编先草木。药之
本也。次竹。竹说文以草名之。其实非草非木。自为一种。解要依纲目称苞木。不若竟称竹
部。次果实。盖不离乎草木。次金石。古本草首金石。固药所重也。次谷菜禽兽虫鱼。强半
日用所需。兼属已疾。人则依纲目最后。纲目谓由贱至贵。愚意药物已多。必欲近取诸身。
以其余焉者可。今姑仍旧。且去紫河车。进人中黄。称近余附载。庶几稳当也。
就是鹿角胶。《药性本草》说白胶又名黄明胶，这是不对的。黄明胶实际上是牛皮胶。
又名叫传致胶。《本经》中的阿胶，是用煮牛皮制成的。现在世人只重视乌驴皮制作的胶，治疗风病胜过其他胶，必须使用黑色的，取黑色属水以制约热极生风的含义。看重阿井水的原因，是因为济水流注于此，水质清澈且比重较大，其性质趋下，所以能治疗瘀浊以及上逆之痰。
用糯米粉炒至成珠状后使用。然而真正的阿胶很难得到，或者依照方法汲取咸苦的井水，自行熬制使用也可以。制作白胶的方法，都详细记载在《本草纲目》中。
这就是蜂蜜。生长在深山岩石中，颜色洁白如膏脂的为优良者。现在使用的是河南产的白蜜，大概是采集梨花酿造而成，特别优于其他产地。《本草纲目》果部另外记载的石蜜，就是现在的冰糖。
古代的本草书，不分部类。对于人这一类，仅仅用到发皮。海藏的《汤液》，旁边附带有人尿，也不设立“人”部。大概因为药物本就源于人体胞宫，重在人本身。如果用药涉及人，并且列出“人”部，那就失之过甚了。“人胞”（胎盘）创自陈氏的《拾遗》，《本草纲目》虽然收录了但未认为正确。引用崔行功的话，只说治疗人的虚损劳瘵偶尔使用它。崔行功说：“炮炙入药，会让儿童悲惨夭折，于心何忍？”李时珍（濒湖）又说吴燮山的《大造丸》使用此物。然而各种药物都是平和补益的，其中即使没有“人胞”，也可以服用。现在吴门郭氏讨论这个方子，认为如果是阴虚精竭、水不制火，引发咳嗽吐血、骨蒸盗汗等症状，属于阳盛阴虚，服用此方会耗损将竭之阴，危害不小。既然病未严重时不必服，病重时又不宜服，那么后来的编纂者在编写此书时，对此药和此方都可以省略不录。
《药性本草》：宋代掌禹锡说《药性论》有四卷，大多与《本草》相违背，不知道是谁撰写的。《本草纲目》说，这就是《药性本草》，是甄权所著。甄权生活在唐太宗时期，年龄一百零二岁。皇帝亲临访问药理，因此呈上这本书。查考《唐书·甄权本传》，贞观年间甄权已经百岁。太宗驾临他的住所，查看他的饮食，咨询医术，提拔他为朝散大夫，不久去世，享年一百零三岁。他所撰写的《脉经》、《针方》、《明堂》等图，流传于当时。他的弟弟甄立言也精通医学，《艺文志》记载甄权著有《脉经》一卷、《针经钞》三卷、《针方》一卷、《明堂人形图》一卷；甄立言著有《本草音义》七卷、《本草药性》三卷、《古今录验方》五十卷。那么《药性》应属甄立言，但多出一卷，恐怕并非甄立言原本。《本草纲目》实指甄权，并不稳妥，不如直接称《药性本草》。
卷帙次第：古本只列出上、中、下三品，不分部类。自从那以后各家编排次序不同。《本草纲目》先列水、火、土、金石，接着解要说草、木、苞木、金石、人、兽、鱼虫、果、菜谷。现在改编为先草木，因为草木是药物的根本。其次竹，根据《说文解字》，竹子以草为名，但实际上既非草也非木，自成一类。《解要》依从《本草纲目》称为苞木，不如竟称为竹部。其次果实，大概离不开草木。其次金石，古代本草首列金石，固然是药物中重要的部分。其次谷、菜、禽、兽、虫、鱼，大半是日用所需，兼治疾病。人则依从《本草纲目》放在最后。《本草纲目》说是由贱到贵。我愚笨的想法是，药物已经很多了，一定要就近取之于自身，作为剩余附录的可以。现在姑且依旧，并且去掉紫河车，加入人中黄，称为近余附载，这样比较稳妥。
It is Cervi Cornus Colla (Deer Antler Gelatin). *Yaoxing Bencao* (Compendium of Drug Properties) states that Baijiao (White Gelatin) is another name for Huangming Jiao (Yellow Bright Gelatin), which is incorrect. Huangming Jiao is actually Bovis Corneum Colla (Ox Horn Gelatin, made from ox hide).
Also known as Chuanzhi Jiao. The *Shennong Benjing Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) describes Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin), which is made by boiling ox hide. Nowadays, people only value gelatin made from black donkey hide, claiming it treats wind disorders better than other gels. One must use the black variety, taking advantage of the principle that black belongs to Water to control heat generating wind. The reason for valuing A Well water is that it is fed by the Ji River; its quality is clear and heavy, with a nature tending downward, thus treating turbid stasis and rebellious phlegm.
It should be used after being fried in glutinous rice flour until it forms beads. However, authentic Ejiao is hard to obtain. Alternatively, one may draw salty and bitter well water according to the method and prepare it oneself. The methods for making Baijiao are all detailed in *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica).
This is Honey (Apis Ceranae Melleum). It grows in deep mountain rocks; those white like paste are superior. Currently, white honey from Henan is used, likely brewed from pear blossoms, which is particularly superior to other origins. *Bencao Gangmu*, in the Fruit section, separately records Shimì (Stone Honey), which is now Rock Sugar (Bing Tang).
Ancient materia medicas did not classify sections. For humans, only hair scales were used. Hai Zang's *Tangye* (Decoctions) incidentally included human urine but did not establish a "Human" section. This is because drugs originate from the human womb/body, emphasizing humanity itself. If usage involves humans and a "Human" section is listed, it is excessively improper. Renbao (Placenta Humanus) was created by Chen Shi's *Shiyi* (Supplement). Although *Bencao Gangmu* included it, it did not endorse it. Citing Cui Xinggong, it only mentions occasional use for treating human deficiency consumption and tuberculosis. Cui Xinggong stated: "Processing for medicinal use causes children to suffer and die prematurely; how can one bear this?" Binhu (Li Shizhen) also mentioned that Wu Xieshan's *Dazao Wan* uses this. However, various drugs are mild tonics; even without Renbao, they can be taken. Now, Guo Shi from Wu Men discusses this prescription, stating that for conditions such as yin deficiency with essence depletion, water failing to control fire, leading to coughing, hemoptysis, bone-steaming tidal fever, and night sweats—belonging to excess yang and deficient yin—taking this consumes the nearly exhausted yin, causing significant harm. Since it is unnecessary when the disease is not severe, and unsuitable when the disease is severe, later compilers could omit this drug and prescription.
*Yaoxing Bencao*: Zhang Yuxi of Song said *Yaoxing Lun* has four volumes, mostly contradicting *Bencao*. The author is unknown. *Bencao Gangmu* says this is *Yaoxing Bencao*, written by Zhen Quan. Zhen Quan lived during Emperor Taizong of Tang, aged 102. The emperor visited him regarding pharmacology, so he presented this book. According to the *Book of Tang: Biography of Zhen Quan*, during the Zhenguan era, Zhen Quan was already over a hundred years old. Taizong visited his residence, observed his diet, consulted on medical arts, and promoted him to Chaosan Dafu. He died soon after at 103. His works, including *Maijing* (Pulse Classic), *Zhenfang* (Acupuncture Prescriptions), and *Mingtang* diagrams, were transmitted at the time. His brother Zhen Liyan was also proficient in medicine. *Yiwenzhi* records Zhen Quan's *Maijing* (1 volume), *Zhenjing Chao* (3 volumes), *Zhenfang* (1 volume), *Mingtang Renxing Tu* (1 volume); Zhen Liyan's *Bencao Yinyi* (7 volumes), *Bencao Yaoxing* (3 volumes), and *Gujin Luyian Fang* (50 volumes). Thus, *Yaoxing* likely belongs to Liyan, but there is an extra volume, suggesting it might not be Liyan's original. *Bencao Gangmu* attributing it to Zhen Quan is unstable; it is better to simply call it *Yaoxing Bencao*.
Volume Sequence: Ancient texts only listed Upper, Middle, and Lower categories without sections. Later compilations varied. *Bencao Gangmu* first lists Water, Fire, Earth, Metals and Stones, then explains Grass, Wood, Bao Wood, Metals and Stones, Human, Beasts, Fish and Insects, Fruits, Vegetables and Grains. The current revision prioritizes Grass and Wood, as they are the root of drugs. Next is Bamboo; according to *Shuowen*, bamboo is named after grass, but it is neither grass nor wood, forming its own category. *Jieyao* follows *Gangmu* calling it Bao Wood, but it is better to call it the Bamboo Section. Next are Fruits, closely related to grass and wood. Next are Metals and Stones, historically prioritized in ancient materia medicas as important drugs. Next are Grains, Vegetables, Poultry, Beasts, Insects, and Fish, which are half daily necessities and also treat diseases. Humans are placed last, following *Gangmu*'s logic from humble to noble. My humble opinion is that since drugs are numerous, if one must take from one's own body, it can be appended as remaining items. For now, I retain the original order, remove Zihéche (Placenta Humanus), add Renzhonghuang (Urea Crust), and list them under "Nearby Residues Appendix," which seems more appropriate.