味辛、酸，平，有毒。主治水胀疝瘕痹，熨除痈肿，杀鬼精物。治胸中邪气，水肿，痿
痹，腹满洪直，疏五脏，散水气。如人形者，有神。一名 根，一名夜呼。生咸阳川谷。
近道处处有，方家不甚干用，治水肿，切生根杂生鲤鱼煮作汤。道家乃散用及煎酿，皆
能
味辛，平，有毒。主治蛊毒，逐邪恶气，杀鬼，温疟，辟不祥。一名雀瓢。蛇衔根也，
生朱崖。八月采，阴干。
若是蛇衔根，不应独生朱崖。世用是草叶，别是一物，未详孰是。术云带此屑一两，则
疫
主治心痛血痹，面上百病，行药势。生蜀郡。三月采。
此物乃言出芮芮，久绝，世无复真者，今人乃作之献用。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二
七九页）
味辛、甘，温、大温，有大毒。主治大风，寒湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚，邪
气，金创，强筋骨，轻身，健行。治头面风去来疼痛，心腹结积，关节重，不能行步，除骨
间痛，长阴气，强志，令人武勇，力作不倦。又堕胎。一名白幕。生少室山谷。二月采根，
今采用八月中旬。天雄似附子，细而长者便是，长者乃至三、四寸许，此与乌头、附子
三种，本并出建平，谓为三建。今宜都 山最好，谓为西建。钱塘间者，谓为东建，气力劣
弱，不相似，故曰西水，犹胜东白也。其用灰杀之时，有冰强者并不佳。（敦煌本《新修》
卷十，《大观》卷十，《政和》二四四页）
【商陆】
味辛、酸，性平，有毒。主治水胀、疝瘕（腹内结块）、痹证，外敷可消除痈肿，能杀灭鬼精物（迷信说法，指邪祟）。治疗胸中邪气、水肿、痿痹、腹部胀满且脉象洪大挺直，疏通五脏，消散水气。形状像人形的，具有神效。又名“根”，又名“夜呼”。产于咸阳的川谷。附近地区到处都有，医家不太干燥使用，治疗水肿时，切取新鲜根部与生鲤鱼一起煮成汤剂。道家则将其研粉服用或煎酿，都能……
【蛇衔】
味辛，性平，有毒。主治蛊毒，驱逐邪恶之气，杀灭鬼魅，治疗温疟，辟除不祥。又名“雀瓢”。是蛇衔的根，产于朱崖。八月采集，阴干。
如果是蛇衔的根，不应该只生长在朱崖。世人使用的是它的草叶，这是另一种东西，不清楚究竟哪个是真的。《术》书中说携带这种粉末一两，就能预防疫病……
【天雄】
主治心痛、血痹，面部的各种疾病，运行药势。产于蜀郡。三月采集。
这种药材说是从芮芮（古代北方民族名）出产，早已断绝，世上不再有真正的，现在的人制作它来进献使用。（《大观本草》卷十一，《政和重修政和经史证类备用本草》第二七九页）
【乌头/附子类描述】
味辛、甘，性温、大温，有大毒。主治大风（严重的风邪病）、寒湿痹证、历节痛（关节剧烈疼痛）、拘挛缓急（肌肉痉挛或松弛），破除积聚，驱除邪气，治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤），强壮筋骨，使身体轻便，行走有力。治疗头面部风邪引起的游走性疼痛，心腹部的结积，关节沉重，不能行走，去除骨间疼痛，增长阴气，坚定意志，使人勇武，劳作不知疲倦。又能堕胎。又名“白幕”。产于少室山谷。二月采集根部，现在采用八月中旬采集。天雄类似附子，细长的是天雄，长的甚至有三、四寸左右，这三种（乌头、附子、天雄）原本都产在建平，被称为“三建”。现在宜都的山最好，被称为“西建”。钱塘地区的，被称为“东建”，药效力量薄弱，不像真的，所以称为“西水”（可能指产地或品质较差者），仍然胜过东白。在用它杀灰（可能指炮制或处理过程）的时候，有冰强者并不好。（敦煌本《新修本草》卷十，《大观本草》卷十，《政和重修政和经史证类备用本草》第二四四页）
[Shanglu (Phytolaccae Radix)]
Taste: Pungent, sour. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats water distension (edema), hernia and mass formation (abdominal masses), and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction). External application can eliminate carbuncles and swellings; it is believed to kill "ghost spirits" (a superstitious term for evil influences). It treats pathogenic factors in the chest, edema, flaccidity and bi-syndrome, abdominal fullness with a surging and straight pulse, unblocks the five zang organs, and disperses water qi. Those resembling the human form are considered to possess spiritual efficacy.
Aliases: "Gen", "Yehu".
Habitat: Rivers and valleys of Xianyang.
Distribution: Available everywhere in nearby regions. Physicians rarely use the dried form. For treating edema, fresh roots are sliced and boiled with raw carp to make a decoction. Daoists use it as powder or in fried preparations, all of which...
[Sheyan (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix / or similar herb contextually identified as Snake Bite Root)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats gu poison (poisoning from insects/creatures), expels evil qi, kills ghosts, treats warm malaria, and wards off misfortune.
Alias: "Quepiao".
Description: It is the root of Sheyan.
Habitat: Zhuya.
Collection: Harvested in August, dried in the shade.
Note: If it were truly Sheyan root, it should not grow exclusively in Zhuya. The herb used by the world is its leaf, which is a different substance; it is unclear which is authentic. The text "Shu" states that carrying one liang of this powder prevents epidemics...
[Tianxiong (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata - specific variety)]
Indications: Treats heart pain, blood bi-syndrome, various diseases of the face, and promotes the circulation of medicinal potency.
Habitat: Shu Commandery.
Collection: March.
Note: This material was said to originate from Rouran (an ancient northern ethnic group) and has been extinct for a long time; there are no true specimens left in the world. Nowadays, people manufacture it to present as tribute. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 11, Zhenghe Ben Cao p. 279)
[Wutou/Fuzi Category Description]
Taste: Pungent, sweet. Nature: Warm, Great Warm. Toxicity: Highly toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats severe wind syndrome (severe wind-pathogen disease), cold-damp bi-syndrome, lizhi pain (severe joint pain), spasms and flaccidity, breaks up accumulations, expels pathogenic factors, treats metal wounds (trauma from sharp objects), strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and enhances walking ability. It treats wandering pain in the head and face caused by wind, cardiac and abdominal accumulations, heavy joints, inability to walk, removes pain between bones, nourishes yin qi, strengthens willpower, makes one courageous, and allows labor without fatigue. It can also induce abortion.
Alias: "Baimu".
Habitat: Valleys of Mount Shaoshi.
Collection: Roots harvested in February; currently, mid-August is adopted for collection.
Comparison: Tianxiong resembles Fuzi; the slender and long ones are Tianxiong, with lengths reaching three or four cun. These three types (Wutou, Fuzi, Tianxiong) originally all came from Jianping and were called the "Three Jians". Currently, those from Yidu mountains are considered the best, called "West Jian". Those from the Qiantang area are called "East Jian"; their medicinal power is weak and they do not resemble the authentic ones, hence referred to as "West Water" (possibly indicating inferior quality or origin), yet still superior to "East Bai". When processing them with ash (likely referring to a specific preparation method involving lime or ash), those with strong ice-like properties are not good. (Dunhuang Manuscript Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 10, Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 10, Zhenghe Bencao p. 244)