味甘，平，无毒。主治中风暴热，不能动摇，跌筋结肉，诸不足。心腹结气，虚热、湿
毒，腰痛，茎中寒，及目痛 烂泪出。久服去面黑 ，好颜色，润泽，轻身，不老。一名荧，
一名地节，一名玉竹，一名马薰。生太山山谷及丘陵。立春后采，阴干。（畏卤
案《本经》有女葳无葳蕤。《别录》无女葳有葳蕤，而为用正同。疑女葳即葳蕤也，惟
名异尔。今处处有，其根似黄精而小异。服食家亦用之。今市人别用一种物，根形状如续断
茎，味至苦，乃言是女青根，出荆州。今治下痢方，多用女葳，而此都无止泄之说，疑必非
也。葳蕤又主理诸石，人服石不调和者，煮汁饮之。（《大观》卷六，《政和》一五四页）
味甘，平，无毒。主补中益气，除风湿，安五脏。久服轻身，延年，不饥。一名重楼，
一名菟竹，一名鸡格，一名救穷，一名鹿竹。生山谷，二月采根，阴干。
今处处有。二月始生。一枝多叶，叶状似竹而短，根似葳蕤。葳蕤根如荻根及菖蒲，概
节而平直；黄精根如鬼臼、黄连，大节而不平。虽燥，并柔软有脂润。世方无用此，而为《仙
经
茎不紫、花不黄为异，而人多惑之。其类乃殊，遂致死生之反，亦为奇事。（《大观》卷六，
《政和》一四二页）
味甘、苦，寒，无毒。主治折跌，绝筋，伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉。作汤除寒热，
积聚，除痹。主男子五劳七伤，女子伤中，胞漏，下血，破恶血，溺血，利大小肠，去胃中
宿食，饱力断绝，补五脏内伤不足，通血脉，益气力，利耳目。生者尤良。生地黄，大寒。
主妇人崩中血不止，及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下血，胎不落；堕坠， 折，瘀血，留
血，衄鼻，吐血，皆捣饮之。久服轻身，不老。一名地髓，一名 ，一名芑。生咸阳川泽黄
土地者佳。二月、八月采根，阴干。（得麦门冬、清酒良，恶贝母，畏芜荑。）
咸阳即长安也。生渭城者乃有子实，实如小麦。淮南七精散用之。中间以彭城干地黄最
好，次历阳，今用江宁板桥者为胜。作干者有法，捣汁和蒸，殊用工意；而此直云阴干，色
味乃不相似，更恐以蒸作为失乎？大贵时乃取牛膝、葳蕤作之，人不能别。《仙经》亦服食，
要
大减，一斤才得十两散耳，用之宜加量也。（《大观》卷六，《政和》一四九页）
味甘，性平，无毒。主治中风引起的暴热、身体不能动摇，以及筋结肉聚、各种虚损不足之症。能治疗心腹部的结气、虚热、湿毒、腰痛、阴茎中寒冷感，以及眼睛疼痛、红肿流泪。长期服用可去除面部黑斑，使面色红润光泽，身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名荧，又名地节，又名玉竹，又名马薰。产于泰山山谷及丘陵地带。立春后采收，阴干。（按：《神农本草经》中有“女葳”而无“葳蕤”。《名医别录》中无“女葳”而有“葳蕤”，但功效用途完全相同。怀疑“女葳”就是“葳蕤”，只是名称不同罢了。现在各地都有，其根部形状像黄精但略有差异。服食养生的人也使用它。现在市场上另有一种物品，根的形状像续断的茎，味道极苦，却说是女青根，出产于荆州。现在治疗下痢的方剂中，多用女葳，但这本书记载完全没有止泻的说法，怀疑这一定不是真的。葳蕤又主要用来调理各种石药，人服用石药后身体不适不调和时，煮汁饮用即可。）
味甘，性平，无毒。主要补益中气、益气力，祛除风湿，安定五脏。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延年益寿，不感到饥饿。又名重楼，又名菟竹，又名鸡格，又名救穷，又名鹿竹。产于山谷中，二月采收根部，阴干。现在各地都有。二月才开始生长。一枝多叶，叶子形状像竹子但较短，根部像葳蕤。葳蕤的根像荻草的根及菖蒲，有节且平直；黄精的根像鬼臼、黄连，有大节且不平整。虽然干燥，都柔软且有脂润感。世俗方书中不使用此药，而《仙经》中记载其茎不紫、花不黄为奇异之处，但人们对此多有困惑。它们的类别其实不同，导致生死效用的反差，也是奇事。（《大观本草》卷六，《政和本草》一四二页）
味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治跌打骨折、筋脉断裂，内伤，驱除血痹，填补骨髓，促进肌肉生长。煎汤服用可祛除寒热、积聚，消除痹症。主治男子五劳七伤，女子内伤、胞宫漏血、便血，破除恶血、溺血，通利大小肠，去除胃中停滞的食物，恢复体力，补益五脏内部损伤不足，疏通血脉，增强气力，使耳目灵敏。鲜品效果更佳。生地黄，大寒。主治妇女崩中出血不止，以及产后血气上冲心胸导致胸闷窒息，身体受伤胎动下血，胎盘不下；坠跌损伤，骨折，瘀血停留，鼻出血，吐血，都将药材捣碎后煎水服用。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名地髓，又名 ，又名芑。产于咸阳川泽黄土地者最佳。二月、八月采收根部，阴干。（与麦门冬、清酒同用效果好，忌贝母，畏芜荑。）咸阳即长安。生长在渭城的才有子实，果实像小麦。淮南七精散中使用它。其中认为彭城的干地黄最好，其次是历阳的，现在使用江宁板桥产的质量更优。制作干地黄有特定方法，捣汁混合蒸制，非常讲究工艺；而这本书记载只说阴干，颜色和味道却不相似，更担心是因为蒸制工艺失误吗？在贵重时期，有人取牛膝、葳蕤来冒充，人们无法辨别。《仙经》中也用于服食养生，但要减少用量，一斤只能得到十两散剂，使用时应当增加剂量。（《大观本草》卷六，《政和本草》一四九页）
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats sudden heat caused by wind-stroke (Zhong Feng), inability to move the body, tendon knots and flesh growths, and various deficiencies. It addresses qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, deficiency-heat, damp-toxin, lower back pain, cold sensation in the penis, eye pain, redness, swelling, and tearing. Long-term consumption removes facial black spots, improves complexion, adds luster, lightens the body, and delays aging. Also known as Ying, Di Jie, Yu Zhu, or Ma Xun. Grows in valleys and hills of Mount Tai. Harvested after the Beginning of Spring, dried in the shade. [Note: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists "Nü Wei" but not "Wei Rui". The *Mingyi Bielu* lists "Wei Rui" but not "Nü Wei", yet their uses are identical. It is suspected that "Nü Wei" is indeed "Wei Rui", differing only in name. It is now available everywhere; its root resembles Huang Jing but with slight differences. Practitioners of dietary therapy also use it. Currently, the market offers another substance whose root resembles the stem of Duanxuan, with a very bitter taste, claimed to be the root of Nü Qing from Jingzhou. However, formulas for treating dysentery often use Nü Wei, whereas this text contains no mention of stopping diarrhea, leading to suspicion that this is incorrect. Wei Rui is also primarily used to regulate various mineral drugs; when people experience disharmony after taking mineral drugs, boiling its juice for drinking suffices.] (*Daguan* Vol. 6, *Zhenghe* p. 154)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It mainly tonifies the middle jiao, benefits qi, dispels wind-dampness, and calms the five zang organs. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends longevity, and prevents hunger. Also known as Chong Lou, Tu Zhu, Ji Ge, Qiu Qiong, or Lu Zhu. Grows in valleys; roots harvested in February, dried in the shade. Now available everywhere. Sprouts begin in February. One stem bears many leaves; leaf shape resembles bamboo but is shorter. The root resembles Wei Rui. The root of Wei Rui resembles that of Di (reed) and Changpu, having nodes and being straight; the root of Huang Jing resembles Jiujiao and Huanglian, having large nodes and being uneven. Although dry, both are soft and oily/lubricated. Secular medical formulas do not use this herb, while the *Xianjing* notes its stems are not purple and flowers are not yellow as peculiarities, causing confusion among people. Their categories are actually distinct, leading to opposite effects on life and death, which is a strange matter. (*Daguan* Vol. 6, *Zhenghe* p. 142)
Sweet and bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats fractures, severed tendons, internal injuries, expels blood bi (obstruction), fills the marrow, and promotes muscle growth. Decoction removes cold-heat alternations, accumulations, and bi-syndrome. It treats the five labors and seven injuries in men, and internal injury, uterine leakage, bleeding, breaking of evil blood, hematuria, unblocking of the large and small intestines, removal of retained food in the stomach, restoration of strength, tonification of internal deficiencies of the five zang organs, unblocking of blood vessels, benefitting qi and strength, and improving hearing and vision. Fresh material is particularly effective. Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Rehmannia Root) is greatly cold. It treats metrorrhagia and hemorrhage that does not stop in women, postpartum blood rushing to the heart causing chest tightness and syncope, trauma-induced fetal movement and bleeding, retained placenta; falls, fractures, stasis blood, retention of blood, epistaxis, hematemesis. All are treated by crushing and administering as a decoction. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Also known as Di Sui, , or Qi. Best sourced from yellow soil in rivers and marshes of Xianyang. Roots harvested in February and August, dried in the shade. (Good when combined with Maidong and clear wine; incompatible with Beimu; fears Wuyi.) Xianyang is Chang'an. Those growing in Weicheng produce seeds resembling wheat. Used in Huainan Qijing San. Among these, Gan Dihuang (Dried Rehmannia Root) from Pengcheng is considered best, followed by Liyang; currently, those from Banqiao in Jiangning are superior. There is a specific method for making dried forms: crushing juice and steaming requires considerable effort; however, this text only mentions drying in the shade, and the color and taste differ significantly, raising concerns about errors in the steaming process. During times of high value, some used Niuxi and Wei Rui to counterfeit it, which people could not distinguish. The *Xianjing* also recommends it for dietary therapy, but dosage should be reduced; one jin yields only ten liang of powder, so usage amounts should be increased. (*Daguan* Vol. 6, *Zhenghe* p. 149)