味苦，微寒，有毒。主逐瘀血，破下血积，坚痞，症瘕，寒热，通利血脉及九窍，女子
月
此即今啖牛马血者，伺其腹满掩取干之，方家皆呼为虻虫矣。（《大观》卷二十一，《政
和》四三三页）
味咸，寒，有毒。主治血瘀，症坚，寒热，破积聚，喉咽痹。内塞无子，通利血脉。
生晋阳川泽及人家屋间，立秋采。
形亦似 虫而轻小能飞，本在草中。八月、九月知寒，多入人家屋里逃尔。有两三种，
以
味咸、苦，平、微寒，有毒。主逐恶血，瘀血，月闭，破血瘕，积聚，无子。利水道
，又堕胎。一名 ，一名至掌。生雷泽池泽。五月、六月采，曝干。
，今复有数种，此用马蜞，得啮人腹中有血者，仍干为佳。山 及诸小者，皆不用。
楚王食寒菹，所得而吞之，果能去结积，虽曰阴 ，亦是物性兼然。（《大观》卷二十二，《政
和》四四八页）
味辛，温，无毒。主温中，心腹痛，呕吐，去口臭气。生南海。
味辛烈者为好，甚香，可恒含之。其五和糁中物皆宜人∶廉姜最温中，下气；益智，热；
枸
味甘，平，无毒。主治筋骨湿痹，益气倍力，强志，令人肥健，耐饥，忍风寒。久食轻
身，不老，延年。可作酒，逐水，利小便。生陇西五原敦煌山谷。
魏国使人多 来，状如五味子而甘美，可作酒，云用其藤汁殊美好。北国人多肥健耐寒，
盖食斯乎？不植淮南，亦如橘之变于河北矣。人说即是此间 ，恐如彼之枳类橘耶？（《新
修》二四二页，《大观》卷二十三，《政和》四六三页）
【蜚虻】
味苦，微寒，有毒。主治驱逐瘀血，破除下腹部的血积、坚硬的痞块和症瘕（腹内结块），治疗寒热往来，疏通血脉及九窍。女子月经不调……
这就是现在吃牛马血的人，等到它们腹部充满血液时捕捉并晒干，医家都称之为虻虫。（《大观本草》卷二十一，《政和本草》四三三页）
【水蛭】
味咸，寒，有毒。主治血瘀，症坚（坚硬的血块），寒热，破除积聚，喉咽痹阻。对于因瘀血内塞导致的不孕，能疏通血脉。
生长在晋阳的川泽以及人家屋檐间，立秋时节采集。
形状也像蠃虫（蜗牛类）但轻小能飞，本来在草丛中。八月、九月天气转凉时，多进入人家屋里躲避。有两三种，以……
【马蜞】
味咸、苦，平、微寒，有毒。主治驱逐恶血、瘀血、月经闭止，破除血瘕、积聚，治疗不孕。通利水道，又能堕胎。又名……，又名至掌。生长在雷泽池泽。五月、六月采集，晒干。
现在又有数种，此处使用马蜞，即咬人后腹中有血的，仍干燥者为佳。山蜞及其他小的种类，均不使用。
楚王食用寒菹（腌菜），所得而吞食之，果然能去除结积，虽然说是阴……，也是此物药性兼有的结果。（《大观本草》卷二十二，《政和本草》四四八页）
【姜】
味辛，温，无毒。主治温中，心腹痛，呕吐，去除口臭气。生长在南海。
味道辛辣烈者为好，很香，可以经常含服。其五种调和糁中的物品都适宜：廉姜最温中，下气；益智（仁），热；枸……
【五味子/类似物】
味甘，平，无毒。主治筋骨湿痹，益气倍力，强志，使人肥健，耐饥，忍风寒。久食轻身，不老，延年。可泡酒，逐水，利小便。生长在陇西五原敦煌山谷。
魏国使者多带来……，形状像五味子而甘美，可泡酒，据说用其藤汁非常美好。北国人多肥健耐寒，大概是吃了这个吧？不种植于淮南，也如同橘树变于河北一样。人说即是此间的……，恐怕如那儿的枳类似乎橘耶？（《新修本草》二四二页，《大观本草》卷二十三，《政和本草》四六三页）
[Fei Meng] (Oestrus fly larva)
Bitter, slightly cold, toxic. Primarily expels blood stasis, breaks down sub-abdominal blood accumulations, hard epigastric masses, and zheng jia (abdominal masses), treats alternating chills and fever, unblocks the blood vessels and nine orifices. For women's menstrual irregularities...
This is what people now obtain by feeding cattle and horses blood, capturing them when their abdomens are full of blood, and drying them; medical practitioners all refer to it as Meng Chong (Tabanus larva). (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 21, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 433)
[Shui Zhi] (Leech)
Salty, cold, toxic. Primarily treats blood stasis, hard zheng masses, alternating chills and fever, breaks down accumulations, and relieves throat obstruction. For infertility caused by internal blockage of blood stasis, it unblocks the blood vessels.
Grows in the rivers and marshes of Jinyang and under eaves of houses; collected at Start of Autumn.
Its shape resembles Luo Chong (snail-like insect) but is lighter, smaller, and capable of flight; originally found in grass. In August and September, sensing the cold, it often enters human dwellings for shelter. There are two or three types, using...
[Ma Qi] (Horse leech variant)
Salty, bitter, neutral, slightly cold, toxic. Primarily expels foul blood, blood stasis, amenorrhea, breaks down blood zheng and accumulations, and treats infertility. Promotes water passage, and can also induce abortion. Also known as..., also known as Zhi Zhang. Grows in Leize pools and marshes. Collected in May and June, sun-dried.
There are now several other types; here, Ma Qi is used, specifically those that have bitten humans and have blood in their abdomens; dried specimens are preferred. Shan Qi and other small varieties are not used.
When King Chu consumed Han Zu (pickled vegetables) and swallowed them, it indeed removed accumulated masses; although attributed to Yin..., this is also due to the combined nature of this substance. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 22, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 448)
[Jiang] (Ginger)
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily warms the middle jiao, treats heart and abdominal pain, vomiting, and removes bad breath odor. Grows in the South Sea region.
Those with a pungent and sharp taste are superior; very fragrant, can be held in the mouth constantly. The five items mixed in San (grain powder) are all suitable: Lian Jiang most effectively warms the middle jiao and directs qi downward; Yi Zhi (Alpinia oxyphylla fruit) is hot; Gou...
[Wu Wei Zi / Similar Fruit]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-damp bi syndrome affecting sinews and bones, supplements qi and doubles strength, strengthens willpower, makes one robust and strong, tolerates hunger, and withstands wind-cold. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Can be made into wine, expels water, and promotes urination. Grows in the mountains and valleys of Wuyuan and Dunhuang, Longxi.
Envoys from the Wei State often brought..., resembling Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis) but sweeter and more delicious, can be made into wine; it is said that using its vine juice is particularly fine. People in the north are often robust and tolerant of cold, likely due to consuming this? It does not grow in Huainan, just as citrus changes when moved to Hebei. Some say it is the same as [...] here, perhaps similar to Zhi (Citrus reticulata 'Chachi') like Ju (Citrus reticulata)? (Xin Xiu Ben Cao p. 242, Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 23, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 463)