味苦，微寒，有毒。主治腹中邪热气，诸毒，杀三虫。去寸白，破症瘕，除头风。止金
创。花∶治恶疮，令人泄。一名贯节，一名贯渠，一名百头，一名虎卷，一名扁苻，一名伯
萍，一名乐藻，此谓草 头。生玄山山谷及宛朐又少室。二月、八月采根，阴干。 菌为之
使。
近道亦有，叶如大蕨，其根形色毛芒全似老 头，故呼为草 头也。（敦煌本《新修》
卷
味苦，微寒，无毒。主治邪气，皮肤中热，风瘙身痒，杀三虫。恶疮，疥虱，痔蚀，下
部疮。其子∶名草决明，治唇口青。一名草蒿，一名萋蒿。生平谷道傍。三月采茎叶，阴
干。五月、六月采子。处处有。似麦闸极花，其子甚细。后又有草蒿，别本亦作草 。今主治
殊相类，形名又相似，极多足为疑，而实两种也。（敦煌本《新修》卷十，《大观》卷十，《政
和》二五五页）
味苦、酸，寒，有毒。主治邪气，热气，疥瘙，恶疡疮痔，去白虫。一名野狼牙，一名野狼
齿，一名野狼子，一名犬牙。生淮方川谷及宛朐。八月采根，曝干。中湿腐烂生衣者，杀人。
（芜荑为之使，恶地榆、枣肌。）
近道处处有，其根牙亦似兽之牙齿也。（敦煌本《新修》卷十，《大观》卷十，《政和》
二五八页）
味辛、苦，寒、微寒，有毒。主治蛊毒，咳逆，泄痢，肠 ，头疡，疥瘙，恶疮，杀诸
虫毒，去死肌。治哕逆，喉痹不通，鼻中息肉，马刀，烂疮。不入汤。一名葱苒，一名葱 ，
一名山葱。生太山山谷。三月采根。阴干。（黄连为之使，反细辛、芍药、五参，恶大
近道处处有。本下极似葱而多毛。用之只剔取根，微炙之。（敦煌卷子本《新修》卷十，《大
观》卷十，《政和》二五一页）
【贯众】
味苦，性微寒，有毒。主治腹中邪热之气，各种毒物，能杀灭三种寄生虫。去除寸白虫（一种肠道寄生虫），破除症瘕积聚（腹内结块），消除头风（头部风邪引起的头痛眩晕）。治愈金属利器造成的创伤。花：治疗恶疮，但服用后会导致腹泻。又名贯节、贯渠、百头、虎卷、扁苻、伯萍、乐藻，这些名称指的是草字头的“蕨”类植物。生长在玄山山谷以及宛朐和少室山。二月和八月采集根部，阴干。菌类是它的佐使药（即与菌类同用可增强疗效或制约毒性）。
附近地区也有生长，叶子像大蕨菜，其根部的颜色和形状毛刺完全像老人的头，所以称为草字头的“蕨”。（敦煌本《新修本草》卷）
【草蒿】
味苦，性微寒，无毒。主治邪气，皮肤中的热感，风疹瘙痒，杀灭三种寄生虫。治疗恶疮、疥癣虱子、痔疮蚀烂、下部疮疡。它的果实：名叫草决明，治疗嘴唇和口角发青。又名草蒿、萋蒿。生长在平地和谷道旁边。三月采集茎叶，阴干。五月和六月采集果实。到处都有。外形像麦穗的极细花朵，它的果实非常细小。后来又有另一种草蒿，其他版本也写作草“X”（此处原文缺字，通常指艾蒿或类似植物）。现在的主治功效非常相似，形态名称又相近，极易引起疑惑，但实际上是两种不同的植物。（敦煌本《新修本草》卷十，《大观本草》卷十，《政和本草》二五五页）
【狼牙】
味苦、酸，性寒，有毒。主治邪气，热气，疥癣瘙痒，恶疡疮痔，去除白色寄生虫。又名野狼牙、野狼齿、野狼子、犬牙。生长在淮方川谷以及宛朐。八月采集根部，晒干。如果根部因湿气腐烂长出衣状物，则杀人（剧毒）。（芜荑是它的佐使药，畏地榆、枣肌。）
附近地区到处都有，其根部的牙齿状突起也像野兽的牙齿一样。（敦煌本《新修本草》卷十，《大观本草》卷十，《政和本草》二五八页）
【藜芦】
味辛、苦，性寒、微寒，有毒。主治蛊毒，咳嗽气逆，泄痢，肠澼（痢疾伴脓血），头疡，疥癣瘙痒，恶疮，杀灭各种虫毒，去除死肌。治疗呃逆，喉痹不通，鼻中息肉，马刀（瘰疬的一种），烂疮。不能入汤剂煎服。又名葱苒、葱“X”（原文缺字）、山葱。生长在泰山山谷。三月采集根部。阴干。（黄连是它的佐使药，反细辛、芍药、五参，畏大黄。）
附近地区到处都有。根部底部极像葱但多毛。使用时只剔除根部，稍微炙烤一下。（敦煌卷子本《新修本草》卷十，《大观本草》卷十，《政和本草》二五一页）
[Guazhong (Cyrtomium Rhizome)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Treats pathogenic heat in the abdomen, various toxins, and kills three types of intestinal parasites. Eliminates Taenia solium (pinworm), breaks up masses and accumulations (Zhengjia), and removes head wind (headache and dizziness caused by wind-pathogen). Heals traumatic wounds caused by metal instruments.
Flowers: Treats malignant sores but causes diarrhea when ingested.
Synonyms: Guanjie, Guanqu, Baitou, Hujuan, Bianfu, Boping, Lezao. These names refer to plants with the grass radical (Fern family).
Habitat: Grows in valleys of Xuan Mountain, as well as Wanqu and Shaoshi Mountain.
Collection: Harvest roots in February and August; dry in shade.
Compatibility: Fungi are its guiding/assisting herb.
Description: Also found in nearby regions. Leaves resemble large ferns. The root's color, shape, and hairy texture completely resemble an old man's head, hence the name referring to the grass-radical "Jue" (fern). (Dunhuang Manuscript of Xinxiu Bencao, Volume)
[Cao Hao (Artemisia Annua / Artemisia Capillaris)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Treats pathogenic factors, heat in the skin, wind-induced pruritus (skin itching), and kills three types of intestinal parasites. Treats malignant sores, scabies, lice, hemorrhoidal erosion, and ulcers in the lower body.
Fruits: Named Caojueming (Cassiae Semen), treats bluish discoloration of the lips and mouth.
Synonyms: Caohao, Qihao.
Habitat: Grows beside flat lands and paths.
Collection: Harvest stems and leaves in March; dry in shade. Harvest fruits in May and June.
Distribution: Found everywhere.
Description: Resembles the very fine flowers of wheat ears; its fruits are extremely small. Later texts mention another type of Caohao, also written as Cao [missing character] in other editions. Their current indications are very similar, and their forms and names are alike, causing much confusion, yet they are actually two different species. (Dunhuang Manuscript of Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 10, Daguan Bencao Vol. 10, Zhenghe Bencao p. 255)
[Langya (Sanguisorba Radix / Potentilla chinensis)]
Taste: Bitter, Sour. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Treats pathogenic factors, heat, scabies and pruritus, malignant ulcers and hemorrhoids, and removes white intestinal worms.
Synonyms: Yelangya, Yelangchi, Yelangzi, Canya.
Habitat: Grows in valleys of Huaifangchuan and Wanqu.
Collection: Harvest roots in August; sun-dry.
Warning: If the root rots due to dampness and develops a fungal coating, it is lethal.
Compatibility: Wuyi is its guiding/assisting herb; adverse reaction with Diyuzhu and Zaoji.
Description: Found everywhere in nearby regions. The root's tooth-like projections resemble beast teeth. (Dunhuang Manuscript of Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 10, Daguan Bencao Vol. 10, Zhenghe Bencao p. 258)
[Lilu (Veratrum Nigrum Rhizome)]
Taste: Pungent, Bitter. Nature: Cold, Slightly cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Treats gu poison (poisoning from insects/worms), cough and rebellious qi, dysentery, bloody diarrhea (Changpi), scalp ulcers, scabies and pruritus, malignant sores, kills various insect toxins, and removes necrotic tissue. Treats hiccups, obstruction of the throat (Houbi), nasal polyps, scrofula (Madao), and ulcerating sores.
Preparation Note: Do not use in decoctions.
Synonyms: Congran, Cong [missing character], Shancong.
Habitat: Grows in valleys of Mount Tai.
Collection: Harvest roots in March; dry in shade.
Compatibility: Huanglian is its guiding/assisting herb; contraindicated with Xixin, Shaoyao, and Wushen; adverse reaction with Dahuang.
Description: Found everywhere in nearby regions. The base of the root resembles green onion but is hairy. Use only the extracted root, slightly roasted. (Dunhuang Manuscript of Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 10, Daguan Bencao Vol. 10, Zhenghe Bencao p. 251)