\r山豆根\pj254.bmp\r
味苦、气寒。无毒。各处山谷俱有，广西出者独佳。俗呼金锁匙，苗长一尺许。叶
两傍而有曲钮，子成簇而色鲜红。粒似豆圆，名因此得。凡资疗病，惟取其根。口嚼汁吞，
止咽喉肿痛要药；水调末服，除人马急黄捷方。敷蛇虫咬伤，去血气腹痛。
\r萱草\pj254a.bmp\r
（俗名鹿葱） 味甘，气凉。属木。无毒。圆圃多种，五月开花。疗酒疸遍身通黄，绞
生根汁咽下；治沙淋小便涩痛，煮熟嫩苗食之。咀和酒煎，为破脑伤风要药；捣搀姜汁，系
大热衄血仙方。安五脏轻身，利胸膈明目。久久服饵，欢乐无忧。嵇康云∶合欢触怒，萱草
忘忧是也。宜男系花之
字，孕妇佩则生男。（丹溪曰∶性下行走阴分，名宜男者，宁无微意存焉？）
\r芦根\pj255.bmp\r
味甘，气寒。无毒。州渚多生，秋冬才取。掘土择甘美者有效，露出及浮水者损人。解
酒毒退热除烦；止呕哕开胃
下食。食鱼蟹中毒即劫，怀胎孕发热即驱。花白名曰蓬茸，
霎时可安。
\r菰首\pj256.bmp\r
\r茭郁\pj256a.bmp\r
\r菰根\pj256a1.bmp\r
味甘，气大寒。无毒。多生江湖陂泽，叶如蒲苇尖长。秣马甚肥，作荐诚软。江南呼为
茭草，即此是焉。四时取根，
捣烂绞汁。止小便利解渴，主肠胃热除烦。久浮水面者烧灰，研朱火灼疮敷愈。（用鸡清调。）
菰莱即春生茭笋，煮
食治心腹卒疼。杂鲫鱼为羹，解酒毒开胃。丹石热发，顿食即差。须防滑中，不宜多食。又
菰首当作菰手，系风久
中生白台。
冷滑。食同白蜜，痼疾复生。
台中有黑者茭郁名，用之治小儿赤痢效。叶利五脏亦验，食巴豆人忌之。\x
细若青麻黄，名雕胡米；俗
每合黍粟煮，过凶荒年。大抵菰之种类，皆极冷利，不可过食，惟服金石人相宜尔。
山豆根
味苦，性寒。无毒。各地山谷中都有生长，以广西出产的质量最好。民间俗称金锁匙，植株高约一尺左右。叶片两旁有弯曲的节点，果实成簇且颜色鲜红。种子形状像圆圆的豆子，名字因此得来。凡是用来治病，只取用它的根部。嚼碎后连汁吞服，是治疗咽喉肿痛的要药；用水调匀粉末服用，是祛除人和马急性黄疸的快捷方剂。外敷可治蛇虫咬伤，内服可去除血气和腹痛。
萱草（俗名鹿葱）
味甘，性凉。归属于木行。无毒。在圆形园圃中多种植，五月开花。治疗酒疸引起的全身发黄，绞取新鲜根部的汁液咽下；治疗沙淋引起的小便涩痛，将嫩苗煮熟后食用。咀嚼后与酒一起煎煮，是治疗头部外伤和伤风的要药；捣碎后混合姜汁，是治疗大热所致鼻出血的仙方。能安定五脏，轻身延年，通利胸膈，明目。长期服用，使人快乐无忧。嵇康说：“合欢花能消除愤怒，萱草能忘却忧愁”，说的就是它。“宜男”是花的别名，孕妇佩戴据说能生男孩。（朱丹溪说：其性下行，走阴分，名为“宜男”，难道没有深意存在吗？）
芦根
味甘，性寒。无毒。多生长在洲渚之地，秋冬季节才采收。挖掘泥土选取甘甜美味的部分才有效，露出土面及浮在水面的则损害人体。能解酒毒、退热、除烦；止呕逆、开胃、促进进食。吃了鱼蟹中毒立即解除，怀孕发热立即驱散。花白名叫蓬茸，片刻即可安宁。
菰首
茭郁
菰根
味甘，性大寒。无毒。多生长在江湖池塘沼泽地带，叶子像蒲苇一样尖长。喂马吃非常肥壮，作为垫草确实柔软。江南人叫它茭草，指的就是这个。四季都可取用根部，捣烂后绞取汁液。能止小便频数、解渴，主治肠胃热、除烦。长期浮在水面上的根烧成灰，研磨后用朱砂火灼疮处敷贴痊愈。（需用鸡蛋清调和。）菰菜即春天生长的茭笋，煮食可治疗心腹突然疼痛。与鲫鱼做成羹汤，能解酒毒、开胃。金石类药物引发的热症，立刻食用即可好转。必须防止滑肠，不宜多吃。另外，菰首应作“菰手”，是指风久中生出的白色台状物，性冷滑。如果与白蜜同食，旧病会复发。台中有黑色的叫茭郁，用它治疗小儿赤痢有效。叶子对五脏也有益处，但服用巴豆的人忌食。细如青麻黄的，名叫雕胡米；通常与黍粟一起煮，度过饥荒年。大致来说，菰的种类都极寒冷滑利，不可多吃，只有服用金石丹药的人才适宜食用。
Shandougen (Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Caulis)
Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Non-toxic. Found in valleys and mountains everywhere, with those from Guangxi being of the best quality. Commonly known as Jin Suo Shi (Golden Lock Key), the plant grows to about one chi in height. Leaves have curved nodes on both sides, and fruits grow in clusters with bright red color. The seeds resemble round beans, hence the name. For medicinal use, only the root is taken. Chewed and swallowed with juice, it is a key herb for treating sore throat and swelling; mixed with water and taken as powder, it is an effective prescription for acute jaundice in humans and horses. Applied externally, it treats snake and insect bites; internally, it removes blood qi and abdominal pain.
Xuancacao (Daylily Rhizome)
(Synonym: Luchong) Sweet in taste, cool in nature. Belongs to the Wood element. Non-toxic. Widely planted in circular gardens, blooming in May. It treats general yellowing caused by wine jaundice by swallowing the juice extracted from fresh roots; it treats sand strangury (dysuria) with painful urination by eating cooked tender shoots. Chewed and decocted with wine, it is a key remedy for head trauma and wind-cold injury; crushed and mixed with ginger juice, it is an immortal formula for epistaxis caused by excessive heat. It calms the five zang organs, lightens the body, benefits the chest and diaphragm, and improves vision. Long-term consumption brings joy and eliminates worry. Ji Kang said: "Hehuan dispels anger, Xuancao forgets sorrow," referring to this plant. "Yinan" (Suitable for Men) is another name for the flower; pregnant women wearing it are said to bear sons. (Zhu Danxi stated: Its nature descends and travels through the yin aspect; the name 'Yinan' likely holds subtle meaning?)
Lugen (Reed Rhizome)
Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Non-toxic. Grows abundantly in islets and shores, harvested in autumn and winter. Those dug from soil that are sweet and tender are effective, while those exposed to air or floating on water are harmful. It resolves alcohol toxicity, reduces fever, and relieves irritability; stops vomiting and hiccups, opens the stomach, and promotes food intake. It immediately counteracts poisoning from fish and crab, and dispels fever during pregnancy. The white flowers are called Pengrong, providing immediate relief.
Gushou (Jiao Bai / Water Bamboo Shoot)
Jiaoyu
Gugen (Zizania Latifolia Root)
Sweet in taste, very cold in nature. Non-toxic. Grows abundantly in rivers, lakes, ponds, and marshes; leaves are sharp and long like cattail reeds. Feeding it to horses makes them fat; using it as bedding is indeed soft. In Jiangnan, it is called Jiaocao, referring to this plant. Roots can be harvested in all four seasons, crushed, and juiced. It stops frequent urination, quenches thirst, and primarily clears gastrointestinal heat and relieves irritability. Roots that have floated on the surface for a long time are burned to ash, ground, and applied to burns after cauterization with vermilion fire (mixed with egg white). Gucai (water bamboo shoots) refers to spring-grown jiaosun; boiled and eaten, it treats sudden heart and abdominal pain. Made into soup with crucian carp, it resolves alcohol toxicity and opens the stomach. For heat flare-ups caused by mineral drugs, immediate consumption leads to recovery. One must guard against intestinal slipping and avoid overconsumption. Furthermore, "Gushou" should be written as "Goushou," referring to the white platform-like growth inside due to prolonged wind exposure, which is cold and slippery. If eaten with white honey, chronic diseases may recur. Those with black centers inside are called Jiaoyu, which is effective for treating infantile dysentery with bloody stools. The leaves also benefit the five zang organs, but are contraindicated for those who have consumed Croton seed (Badou). Fine ones resembling green Ephedra are called Dihum Rice; usually cooked with millet and foxtail millet to survive famine years. Generally, all varieties of Zizania are extremely cold and purgative, unsuitable for excessive consumption, and only appropriate for those taking mineral drugs.