\r空青\pj403.bmp\r
\r信州空青\pj403a.bmp\r
\r曾青\pj404.bmp\r
\r绿青\pj404a.bmp\r
味甘、酸，气寒。无毒。出益州深山，生有铜处所。铜精熏则生空青，腹中空破有浆
水。（倘得之，虽腹中空，取无浆汁者，将成个全壳埋地三五夜，自然生出。）大若鸡蛋，畏
惟
菟丝。能化铜铁铅锡作金，济贫助富；专治赤肿青盲眼疾，去暗回明。浆为点眼仙丹，
壳亦
摩医要药。谚云∶不怕人间多眼瞎，只愁世上无空青，此可征也。益肝气，养子精，利九窍
，通血脉。 曾青气味颇似，所畏菟丝又同。但形若连珠，累累相缀；亦生于蜀益，
求真极
难。可立制砂汞成银，能竟除目痛止泪。其余治体，仿佛如前。绿青画者多求，有青
白花
纹，吐风痰甚速。 白青时不多见，似鱼目青碧，（俗谓鱼目青，不入画。）治眼目亦
灵。
扁青疗折跌痈肿金疮，令人有子；肤青主虫毒蛇菜诸毒，令人 羸。
\r石胆\pj405.bmp\r
（即翠胆矾） 味酸、苦、辛，气寒。无毒。真者出蒲州虞乡，（属山西。）成块如鸡卵
圆
大。颜色青碧，不忝琉璃。击之纵横，解皆成叠。有铜坑内方有，亦可采煎炼成。（虽可煎
炼，不胜自生者，尤珍贵。）今市多以醋揉青矾假充，不可不细认尔。须研细末，才入医方
。畏辛夷白薇，及芫花菌桂。水英为使。化铁成铜。（亦成金银。）治鼠 恶疮并喉鹅毒，疗
崩中下血及阴蚀疼。吐风痰除痫，杀虫 坚齿。
空青
信州产的空青
曾青
绿青
味甘、酸，性寒。无毒。产于益州的深山之中，生长在含有铜矿的地方。铜的精气熏蒸便生成空青，其腹部中空破裂，内部有浆水。（如果得到它，即使是腹部中空的，也要选取没有浆汁的个体，将整个完整的壳埋入地下三到五夜，自然会生出浆水。）大小如同鸡蛋，唯独畏惧菟丝子。能够化铜、铁、铅、锡为黄金，帮助穷人致富；专门治疗赤肿、青盲等眼疾，去除目暗，恢复视力。其浆水是点眼的仙丹，外壳也是摩治（涂抹）眼科的重要药物。谚语说：“不怕人间多眼瞎，只愁世上无空青”，这可以证明它的珍贵。能补益肝气，滋养肾精（子精），通利九窍，疏通血脉。
曾青的气味与空青颇为相似，所畏惧的药物也同样是菟丝子。但形状像连珠一样，一颗颗相连缀；也产于蜀地益州，寻找真品极其困难。可以立即制作砂汞成银，能够彻底消除眼痛、止住眼泪。其余治疗身体的功效，大致与前文所述相同。绿青是画工们多 sought 求取的，具有青白相间的花纹，催吐风痰的速度非常快。
白青时常不多见，颜色像鱼目一样青碧（俗称为鱼目青，不用于绘画）。治疗眼目疾病也很灵验。扁青治疗跌打骨折、痈肿和金创（刀箭创伤），使人容易生育；肤青主治虫咬、蛇伤及蔬菜中毒等各种毒邪，但令人身体消瘦虚弱。
石胆
（即翠胆矾）
味酸、苦、辛，性寒。无毒。真品产于蒲州虞乡（属于山西），结成块状，大小如鸡蛋般圆润。颜色青碧，不亚于琉璃。敲击时纵横断裂，解理皆呈层叠状。只有在有铜矿坑的地方才有，也可以开采后煎炼而成。（虽然可以煎炼制成，但不如天然生成的好，尤其珍贵。）现在市场上多用醋揉制的青矾假冒充数，不可不仔细辨认。必须研成细末，才能进入医方使用。畏惧辛夷、白薇，以及芫花、菌桂。以水英为使药。能够化铁为铜（也能化成金银）。治疗鼠瘘恶疮以及喉部鹅口毒，治疗崩漏下血及阴部蚀烂疼痛。催吐风痰，消除癫痫，杀虫，坚固牙齿。
Kongqing (Azurite)
Xinzhou Kongqing
Zengqing (Chrysocolla)
Lüqing (Malachite)
Taste: sweet, sour. Nature: cold. Non-toxic. Originates from the deep mountains of Yizhou, growing in places where copper ores exist. When the essence of copper fumes and steams, Kongqing is generated; its interior is hollow and broken, containing a watery paste. (If obtained, even if the shell is hollow, select those without paste, bury the whole intact shell in the ground for three to five nights, and the paste will naturally generate.) Size resembling an egg, it is only afraid of Dodder Seed (Tusizi). It can transform copper, iron, lead, and tin into gold, aiding the poor in becoming rich; specifically treats red swelling and blindness (Qingmang), removing dimness and restoring vision. The paste is a divine elixir for eye drops, and the shell is also a crucial medicine for topical application. As the proverb says: "Do not fear many blind people in the world, only worry that there is no Kongqing," which attests to its value. It benefits Liver Qi, nourishes Kidney Essence (Zijing), unblocks the nine orifices, and unifies blood vessels.
Zengqing has a similar taste and nature, and is also afraid of Dodder Seed. However, its shape resembles linked pearls, clustered together; it also grows in Shu and Yizhou, making authentic specimens extremely difficult to find. It can instantly process cinnabar and mercury into silver, effectively eliminating eye pain and stopping tears. Its other therapeutic effects on the body are similar to the aforementioned ones. Lüqing is highly sought after by painters, featuring blue and white patterns, and expels wind-phlegm very rapidly.
Baiqing (White Malachite) is rarely seen, resembling fish eyes in greenish-blue color (commonly called 'fish-eye green,' not used for painting). It is also effective in treating eye diseases. Bianqing (Flat Azurite) treats fractures, sores, swellings, and metal wounds, promoting fertility; Fuqing (Skin Green) mainly treats various toxins such as insect bites, snakebites, and vegetable poisoning, but may cause emaciation.
Shidan (Chalcanthite)
(Also known as Cuidanfan / Copper Vitriol)
Taste: sour, bitter, acrid. Nature: cold. Non-toxic. Authentic specimens originate from Yuxiang, Puzhou (in Shanxi Province), forming lumps round like chicken eggs. The color is greenish-blue, comparable to glass. When struck, it breaks longitudinally and transversely, with cleavage appearing in layers. It is found only in copper pits, and can also be mined and refined. (Although it can be refined, it is inferior to naturally occurring ones and is especially precious.) Currently, the market often uses vinegar-treated Qingfan (Green Alum) to fake it, so careful identification is necessary. It must be ground into fine powder before being used in medical prescriptions. It is incompatible with Magnolia Bud (Xinyi), Peucedanum Root (Baiwei), Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua), and Cinnamon Bark (Jun Gui). Hydrocalcite (Shuiying) serves as its guiding herb. It can transform iron into copper (and also into gold and silver). It treats rat-like fistulas, malignant ulcers, and throat鹅毒 (鹅口疮/Thrush toxicity); treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea with blood, and itching/pain in the genital area. It expels wind-phlegm, eliminates epilepsy, kills parasites, and strengthens teeth.