\r蜗牛\pj467.bmp\r
\r蛞蝓\pj467a.bmp\r
味咸，气寒。有小毒。末春雨霁，多生池泽草间；盛夏日炎，自悬树木叶下。（蜗悬
叶下往往升高，涎沫既尽，随即枯死。）头有四角，故以牛名。背负壳而行，行则头角并出
；
遇物惊便缩，缩乃首尾俱藏。（藏入壳中。）剂择圆大者取功，制宜火炒过杀毒。主贼风口眼
僻，治惊痫筋脉拘挛。收脱肛，止消渴。婴儿方内，每每擅名。壳治疳最灵，涎止
渴亦效
。蛞蝓亦系蜗类，气味并与前同。背壳无头角二，谓即蜗之老者，老则壳蜕而然。
据物理
难明，但主治无异。 蜒蚰如钗股大，色近正黄；足生若蜈蚣多，背无负壳。好油脂
延入人
耳窍，故名此乃使人紧防。《本经》注云∶菖蒲去蚤虱，来蜒蚰，亦其气芬芳所召尔。
\r蝎\pj468.bmp\r
味甘、辛。有毒。陕西江北俱多，青州出者独胜。蝎前谓螫，蝎后谓虿。雄蝎螫
人，一
处作痛。雌蝎螫者，诸处牵疼。但涂蜗牛，毒即解散。（蜗常食蝎故也。）手浸冷水，
痛亦消
弥。今市家收取无时，先日曝逼甚热渴。饲青泥满腹，向烈火炙亡。令色赤容易售人，致体
重又多谋利。拯病入剂，悉以土除。用全用梢，并复炒褐。凭煎汤液，任合散丸。疗小儿风
痫，手足抽掣；驱大人风中，口眼 斜。却风痰耳聋，解风毒瘾疹。
味道咸，性寒。有小毒。春雨初晴时，多生长在池塘沼泽的草丛间；盛夏烈日炎炎时，它们悬挂在树木叶片之下。（蜗牛悬挂在叶下时往往向上攀爬，待体内的涎液流尽后，随即枯死。）头部有四只角，因此以“牛”命名。背负着壳行走，行走时头和角都伸出来；遇到物体惊吓便收缩身体，收缩时头和尾都藏起来。（藏在壳中。）入药选择圆大的个体以取药效，使用时需经火炒制以消除毒性。主治贼风引起的口眼歪斜，治疗惊痫导致的筋脉拘挛。能收摄脱肛，止住消渴。在婴儿用药方中，常常享有盛名。其壳治疗疳积非常灵验，其涎液止渴也有效。蛞蝓也属于蜗牛一类，气味与前述相同。背部有壳但没有头角两种特征，有人说它是老化的蜗牛，年老则蜕壳所致。根据物理性质难以完全阐明，但主治功效没有差异。蜒蚰（即蛞蝓）粗细如发钗股，颜色接近正黄；足部数量像蜈蚣一样多，背部不背负壳。喜欢油脂，会爬入人耳窍道，因此得名，这需要人们高度警惕。《神农本草经》注释说：菖蒲能驱除蚤虱，却招来蜒蚰，这也是因为菖蒲香气芬芳所吸引的缘故。
味道甘、辛。有毒。陕西和江北地区都有出产，其中青州出产的质量最好。蝎子前面咬人叫“螫”，后面刺人叫“虿”。雄蝎咬人，疼痛局限在一处；雌蝎刺人，各处牵连疼痛。只要涂抹蜗牛，毒素即可解散。（因为蜗牛常以蝎子为食的缘故。）手浸泡在冷水中，疼痛也能逐渐消除。现在市场上的商家收购没有固定时间，前几天暴晒逼迫使其极度干渴。喂食青泥填满腹部，然后对着烈火炙烤致死。这使得颜色变红容易出售给他人，导致体重增加又多谋利。用于救治疾病的药剂中，全部以泥土去除杂质。使用全蝎或蝎梢，都要炒至褐色。凭此煎煮汤剂，任意配合散剂丸剂。治疗小儿风痫，手足抽搐掣动；驱除大人中风，口眼歪斜。祛除风痰引起的耳聋，解除风毒引发的瘾疹。
Neritina (Neritina)
Limax (Limax)
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. Slightly toxic. After the spring rain clears, they are mostly found growing among grasses in ponds and marshes; during the hot summer days, they hang beneath tree leaves. (When hanging under leaves, Neritina often climbs upward; once its mucus is exhausted, it withers and dies.) It has four horns on its head, hence named "Cow." It carries a shell on its back while walking, extending its head and horns when moving; upon being startled by objects, it retracts, hiding both head and tail completely. (Hiding inside the shell.) For medicinal use, select large and round specimens for efficacy; process by stir-frying over fire to eliminate toxicity. It primarily treats facial paralysis caused by thief wind (wind-stroke), and manages convulsions and muscle spasms due to fright epilepsy. It can retract prolapsed rectum and stop thirst (xiao ke). In prescriptions for infants, it often holds a prominent reputation. Its shell is highly effective in treating infantile malnutrition (gan ji), and its mucus is also effective in relieving thirst. Limax belongs to the same category as Neritina, sharing identical flavor and nature. It possesses a shell but lacks the two types of head horns mentioned previously; some consider it an aged Neritina, where aging leads to shell shedding. The physical principles are difficult to fully elucidate, yet its therapeutic indications remain unchanged. Limax is as thick as a hairpin shaft, with a color close to true yellow; its numerous feet resemble those of a centipede, and it bears no shell on its back. It is attracted to grease and may crawl into human ear canals, hence the name, requiring vigilant prevention. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* notes: "Calamus repels fleas and lice but attracts Limax," which is due to the alluring fragrance of Calamus.
Scorpion (Buthus)
Sweet and pungent in flavor. Toxic. Abundant in Shaanxi and north of the Yangtze River, with those from Qingzhou being superior. A bite by the front claws is called "shi" (sting), while a sting by the rear tail is called "chai." A male scorpion's bite causes pain localized to one area; a female scorpion's sting causes radiating pain throughout various areas. Applying Neritina resolves the toxicity immediately. (This is because Neritina commonly feeds on scorpions.) Immersing the hand in cold water also alleviates the pain. Currently, merchants collect them at irregular intervals, subjecting them to intense sun exposure causing severe dehydration. They are fed green mud to fill their abdomens, then roasted over fierce fires until death. This results in a reddish color that facilitates sales, increasing weight for greater profit. When used in medicinal preparations, soil impurities must be removed. Whether using the whole scorpion or just the tail segment, they are stir-fried until brown. They can be decocted into liquid forms or combined into powders and pills. They treat pediatric wind-epilepsy characterized by twitching and jerking of hands and feet; expel wind-stroke in adults manifesting as facial deviation; dispel wind-phlegm causing deafness; and resolve wind-toxicity rashes (yin zhen).