大如橄榄，壳色紫褐而脆，其中子有一重粗黑衣，其仁黄白色，嚼久渐甘美。五痔人
常如果食之，愈。过多则滑肠。
今人呼为榉柳。然叶谓柳非柳，谓槐非槐。木最大者，高五六十尺，合二三人抱。
湖南、北甚多。然亦下材也，不堪为器用。嫩皮，取以缘栲栳与箕唇。
陕西甚多，永、耀间居人修盖，多此木也。然易生根，斫木时碎札入土即下根，故易
以繁植。非只墟墓间，于人家舍前后及夹道往往植之，土地所宜尔。风才至，叶如大雨声，
叶梗故如是。又谓无风自动，则无此事。尝官永、耀间，熟见之。但风微时，当风迳者，其
叶孤绝处，则往往独摇。以其蒂细长，叶重大，微风虽过，故往来卒无已时，势使然也。其
叶面青光，背白，木身微白，故曰白杨，非如粉之白。
即前所谓牡荆也，不合更立此条。况《本经》元无栾荆，已具蔓荆实条中。
春开紫花甚细碎，共作朵生。出无常处，或生于木身之上，或附根土之下，直出花
。花罢叶出，光紧微圆。园圃间多植之。
钩藤中空，二经不言之。长八九尺或一二丈者，湖南北、江南、江西山中皆有。小人
有以穴隙间致酒瓮中盗取酒，以气吸之，酒既出，涓涓不断。专治小儿惊热。
紫黑色，微光，大一二寸，圆扁，治五痔有功。烧成黑灰，微存性，米饮调服。人
多剔去肉，作药瓢垂腰间。
果实大小如同橄榄，外壳呈紫褐色且质地脆硬，其中的种子有一层粗糙的黑色外皮，种仁为黄白色，咀嚼久了味道逐渐变得甘甜美味。患有五痔（五种痔疮）的人经常像吃水果一样食用它，可以治愈。但吃得过多会导致滑肠（腹泻）。
现在人们称它为榉柳。然而它的叶子说是柳树不像柳树，说是槐树又不像槐树。树木最大的，高达五六丈，需要两三个人合抱。湖南、河北地区非常多。但它也是低劣的木材，不能用来制作器具。嫩皮可以取下来用于编织筐和箕的边缘。
陕西地区非常多，永州、耀州一带的居民修建房屋时，多用这种木材。但它容易生根，砍伐树木时，碎屑落入土中就能生根，所以容易繁殖种植。不仅在墓地间，在人家房舍前后以及道路两旁也常常种植，这是土地适宜生长的缘故。风刚吹来时，叶子发出像大雨一样的声音，是因为叶梗的缘故如此。又有人说无风自动，并没有这回事。我曾任职于永州、耀州之间，对此非常熟悉。只是在风微小时，处于风口路径上的那些孤立无存的叶子，往往独自摇动。因为它的蒂细长，叶片重大，微风经过，所以来来去去不停地摇动，是形势使然。它的叶面有青光，背面发白，树干也微白，所以叫白杨，并不是像粉那样的白。
就是前面所说的牡荆，不应该再单独设立这一条。况且《本经》原本就没有栾荆，已经在蔓荆实条中详述过了。
春天开出紫色的花，非常细碎，聚集成簇生长。没有固定的生长位置，有的长在树干上，有的附着在根部的泥土下，直接长出花朵。花谢后叶子长出，光亮紧致且微圆。园林苗圃中多种植它。
钩藤中空，两部经典著作中没有提及。长八九尺或一二的丈的，湖南、湖北、江南、江西的山中都有。小人有时在缝隙处将酒瓮放入其中盗取酒，利用其气息吸取，酒出来后，涓涓不断。专门治疗小儿惊热。
颜色紫黑，微有光泽，大一二寸，圆形扁平，治疗五痔有功。烧成黑灰，保留少许药性，用米汤调服。人们多剔去果肉，做成药瓢挂在腰间。
The fruit is as large as an olive, with a purple-brown shell that is brittle. Inside the seed, there is a coarse black skin, and the kernel is yellowish-white; it becomes gradually sweet and delicious after prolonged chewing. People suffering from five types of hemorrhoids (five kinds of anal diseases) often eat it like fruit to cure the condition. However, excessive consumption may cause loose bowels (diarrhea).
Currently, people call it *Juglans cathayensis* (Chinese Walnut). Its leaves are neither willow nor locust tree. The largest trees reach fifty to sixty chi in height and require two or three people to embrace them. They are very common in Hunan and north of the Yangtze River. However, they are also considered inferior timber, unsuitable for making vessels. The tender bark can be harvested to edge baskets and winnowing fans.
They are abundant in Shaanxi. Residents between Yongzhou and Yaozhou often use this wood for house construction. It easily takes root; fragments of chopped wood falling into the soil quickly sprout roots, making it easy to propagate. Not only in graveyards, but also in front of and behind houses and along paths, they are often planted due to the suitability of the land. When the wind blows, the leaves make a sound like heavy rain due to their petioles. Some claim they move without wind, which is false. I served in Yongzhou and Yaozhou and observed this closely. Only when the wind is slight, isolated leaves on the direct path of the wind often sway alone. Because the pedicel is long and thin, and the leaf blade is heavy, even a breeze causes continuous swaying, driven by physical forces. The leaf surface has a bluish sheen, while the back is white. The trunk is slightly white, hence the name "White Poplar" (*Populus alba*), not white like powder.
This refers to the previously mentioned *Vitex negundo* var. *heterophylla* (Chinese Chaste Tree), and this entry should not be established separately. Moreover, the *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* originally did not list *Luan Jing*, which was already detailed in the entry for *Viticis Fructus*.
Purple flowers bloom in spring, very fine and clustered. They grow in various places: sometimes on the trunk, sometimes attached below the roots in the soil, growing directly upward. Leaves emerge after flowering, shiny, tight, and slightly round. They are widely planted in gardens and nurseries.
*Uncaria rhynchophylla* (Hook Vine) is hollow internally, a fact omitted in two classic texts. Those measuring eight or nine chi, or one or two zhang, are found in the mountains of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangnan, and Jiangxi. Unscrupulous individuals sometimes place wine jars in crevices to steal wine by suction through the vine's pores; the wine flows out continuously. It specifically treats pediatric convulsive fever (pediatric heat with convulsions).
The color is purple-black with a slight luster, about one or two cun in diameter, round and flat. It is effective in treating five types of hemorrhoids. Burned into black ash, retaining some medicinal properties, it is taken with rice water decoction. Many people remove the flesh and make it into medicine gourd pendants worn at the waist.