岭南诸郡悉有之，旁海诸州尤多。交干连枝，岗岭相接，千里不绝。叶如冬青，大
者
合数人抱。木性虚柔，山民或以构茅庐，或为桥梁，或为饭甑尤佳。有香者，百无一二。盖
木得水方结，多在折枝枯干中，或为沉，或为煎，或为黄熟。自枯死者，谓之水盘香。今南
恩、高、窦等州，惟产生结香。盖山民入山，见香木之曲干斜枝，必以刀斫成坎，经年得雨
水所渍，遂结香。复以锯取之，刮去白木，其香结为斑点，遂名鹧鸪斑，燔之极清烈。沉之
良者，惟在琼崖等州，俗谓之角沉。黄沉乃枯木中得者，宜入药用。依木皮而结者，谓之青
桂，气尤清。在土中岁久，不待 剔而成者，谓之龙鳞。亦有削之自卷，咀之柔韧者，谓之
黄蜡沉，尤难得也。然经中只言疗风水毒肿，去恶气，余更无治疗。今医家用以保和卫气，
为上品药，须极细为佳。今人故多与乌药磨服，走散滞气，独行则势弱，与他药相佐，当缓
取效，有益无损。余药不可方也。
薰陆香，木叶类棠梨。南印度界阿吒厘国出，今谓之西香。南番者更佳，此即今人
谓之乳香，为其垂滴如乳。熔塌在地者，谓之塌香。皆一也。
《日华子》云∶“治口气。”此正是御史所含之香。治胃寒及脾胃冷气不和。有大者
名母丁香，气味尤佳。为末，缝纱囊如小指，实末，内阴中，主阴冷病，中病便已。
岭南各郡都有沉香，靠近海洋的各州尤其多。树干交错、枝条相连，山岗岭脉相接，绵延千里不断绝。叶子像冬青树，大的需要几个人合抱。木质性质虚软柔和，山民有时用它搭建茅草屋，有时用来做桥梁，有时用来做蒸饭的甑（zèng，一种蒸具），其中做蒸饭甑的效果最好。有香气的，百中无一二。大概木头遇到水才会结香，多在折断的树枝或枯死的树干中形成，有的成为“沉”，有的成为“煎”，有的成为“黄熟”。从树上自然枯死下来的，叫做“水盘香”。现在南恩州、高州、窦州等地，只出产结香的沉香。大概是山民进入山中，看到香气浓郁的树木弯曲的树干和斜出的枝条，必定用刀砍出凹槽，经过一年被雨水浸泡，于是结成香脂。再用锯子取下来，刮去白色的木质部分，其香气凝结成斑点状，所以名叫“鹧鸪斑”，燃烧时气味极其清冽猛烈。优质的沉香，主要在琼州、崖州等地，民间称为“角沉”。黄沉是在枯木中获得的，适宜入药使用。依附在树皮上形成的，叫做“青桂”，气味特别清香。在泥土中埋藏多年，不需要剔除就自然形成的，叫做“龙鳞”。也有削切后自动卷曲，咀嚼起来柔韧的，叫做“黄蜡沉”，尤其难得。然而医经中只说它能治疗风水毒肿，去除恶气，其余没有更多的治疗功效记载。现在的医生用它可以保养和护卫卫气，将其列为上品药物，必须研磨得极细才好。现在的人常常把它与乌药一起磨粉服用，以疏散停滞的气机，单独使用时药效较弱，与其他药物配合使用，应当缓慢取得疗效，只有益处没有害处。其他药材不能与之相比拟。
薰陆香，树叶类似棠梨树。产自南印度边界阿吒厘国，现在称为西香。来自南方番邦的更好，这就是现在人所说的乳香，因为它滴落的样子像乳汁一样。熔化塌陷在地上的，叫做塌香。其实都是一样的。
《日华子》说：“治疗口臭。”这正是御史口中含着的香。用于治疗胃寒以及脾胃冷气不和。其中有较大的品种叫母丁香，气味更加优良。研成粉末，缝制成小指粗细的纱囊，装满药末，放入阴道内，主治阴冷病，病愈即止。
Sinking wood (Chenxiang) is found in all commanderies of Lingnan, especially in those prefectures near the sea. The trunks interlock and branches connect, with hills and ridges joining continuously for thousands of li without interruption. The leaves resemble those of Ilex aquifolium (Dongqing), and the larger ones require several people to embrace them. The wood has a void and soft nature; mountain dwellers sometimes use it to construct thatched huts, or to build bridges, or to make rice steamers (fan zeng), which is particularly excellent. Only one or two out of a hundred have fragrance. Fragrance forms only when the wood encounters water, mostly in broken branches or dead trunks, becoming either "sinking" (chen), "decoction" (jian), or "yellow ripe" (huang shu). Those that fall naturally from dead trees are called "water plate incense" (shui pan xiang). Currently, in Nan'en, Gao, and Dou prefectures, only fragrant sinking wood is produced. Mountain dwellers enter the mountains, see the curved trunks and slanting branches of fragrant trees, and must chop them into depressions with knives. After a year of being soaked by rainwater, the resin forms. They then saw it off, scrape away the white wood, and the fragrance condenses into spots, hence named "partridge spots" (zhegu ban); when burned, its scent is extremely clear and intense. The best quality sinking wood is found only in Qiongzhou and Yazhou, commonly known as "horn sinking" (jiao chen). Yellow sinking is obtained from dead wood and is suitable for medicinal use. That which forms attached to the bark is called "green cassia" (qing gui), with an exceptionally clear aroma. That which lies in the soil for many years and forms without needing to be chiseled out is called "dragon scales" (long lin). There are also pieces that curl up when shaved and feel tough and flexible when chewed, called "yellow wax sinking" (huang la chen), which is particularly rare. However, medical classics only mention its ability to treat wind-water toxic swelling and remove foul qi, with no other therapeutic indications recorded. Current physicians use it to preserve and protect Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), classifying it as a top-grade medicine, preferably ground to an extreme fineness. People often take it ground together with Xinyi (Linderae Radix) to disperse stagnant qi; used alone, its effect is weak, but when assisted by other herbs, it yields gradual benefits with no harm. No other herbs can compare with it.
Xunlu Incense (Hunlulu Xiang) has leaves resembling those of Pyrus betulaefolia (Tangli). It originates from the Acha Li Kingdom on the border of Southern India and is now called Western Incense (Xi Xiang). Those from southern foreign regions are better; this is what people today call Ru Xiang (Frankincense), because its dripping resembles milk. That which melts and collapses on the ground is called Ta Xiang (collapsed incense). They are essentially the same.
Ri Hua Zi stated: "It treats bad breath." This is precisely the incense held in the mouth by censors. It treats stomach coldness and disharmony caused by cold qi in the spleen and stomach. Among them, the larger variety is named Mu Dingxiang (Mother Clove), which has an even superior aroma. Ground into powder, sewn into a small gauze bag the size of a little finger, filled with the powder, and inserted into the vagina, it primarily treats vaginal coldness; treatment stops once the disease is cured.