凡入药须乌色、未经汤水浸煮者，故曰生犀。川犀及南犀，纹皆细。乌犀尚有显纹者
露，黄犀纹绝少，皆不及西番所出纹高雨脚显也。物像黄外黑者为正透，物像黑外黄者为倒
透
。盖以乌为正，以形像肖物者为贵。既曰通犀，又须纹头显，黄黑分明，透不脱，有雨脚滑
润者为第一。鹿取茸，犀取尖，其精锐之力尽在是矣。犀角尖，磨服为佳，若在汤散则屑之
。西番者佳。
今皆取有挂痕者。陈藏器∶取耳边听之，集集鸣者良，亦强出此说，未尝遍试也。
今将他角附耳，皆集集有声，不如有挂痕一说尽矣。然多伪为之，不可不察。
出陕西、河东，谓之 羊，尤很健，毛最长而浓。此羊可入药，如要食，不如无
角白大羊。《本草》不言者，亦有所遗尔。又同、华之间，有卧沙细肋，其羊有角似 羊，
但低小，供馔在诸羊之上。张仲景治寒疝用生姜羊肉汤，服之无不验。又一妇人产当寒月，
寒气入产门，脐下胀满，手不敢犯，此寒疝也。医将治之以抵当汤，谓其有瘀血。尝教之曰
∶非其治也，可服张仲景羊肉汤，少减水，二服遂愈。
此则黄牛角腮。用尖，烧为黑灰，微存性，治妇人血崩、大便血及冷痢。又白水牛
鼻，干湿皆可用。治偏风口 斜，以火炙热，于不患处一边熨之，渐正。
凡是入药用的犀角，必须是乌黑色、且未经过汤水浸泡或煮过的，所以称为“生犀”。川犀和南犀的纹理都很细。乌犀中还有纹理明显的，但露出的黄纹极少，都不如西番出产的犀角那样纹理高耸、雨脚（指纹理像雨滴落下般的纹路）清晰。外形是黄色在外、黑色在内的称为“正透”，外形是黑色在外、黄色在内的称为“倒透”。大概以乌色为正统，以形态逼真地像所象征之物（如通犀）为珍贵。既然称为“通犀”，又必须要求犀角尖端纹理明显，黄黑分明，通透不脱节，且有如雨脚般滑润的列为第一等。鹿取鹿茸，犀取犀角尖，它们最精锐的药力都集中在这里。犀角尖研磨后服用为佳，如果用于汤剂或散剂，则将其锉成屑。西番出产的犀角品质最佳。
现在人们都选取带有挂痕（指犀角表面特有的纵向沟纹）的。陈藏器说：取犀角贴在耳边听，发出“集集”鸣声的是好犀角，这也是强加的说法，未曾普遍尝试过。现在拿其他动物的角贴在耳边，也都发出“集集”的声音，不如用是否有挂痕这一标准来得确切。然而市面上有很多伪造的犀角，不可不仔细辨别。
犀角产于陕西、河东等地，有一种叫“羱羊”（注：原文此处可能有缺字或异体字，结合语境指某种野生山羊），性情特别凶猛健壮，毛最长且浓密。这种羊可以入药，如果要食用，不如无角的白色大羊。《本草》中没有记载它，也是有所遗漏吧。另外在同州、华州之间，有卧沙细肋羊，这种羊有角类似羱羊，但角较小，作为食材在所有羊中排在首位。张仲景治疗寒疝使用生姜羊肉汤，服用后没有不灵验的。又有一位妇女在寒冷的月份生产，寒气侵入产门，导致脐下胀满，手不敢触碰，这是寒疝病。医生准备用抵当汤来治疗，认为她有瘀血。我曾教导他说：这不是正确的治法，可以服用张仲景的羊肉汤，减少水量，服用两次就痊愈了。
这是黄牛角腮。使用其尖端，烧制成黑色的灰烬，保留少许药性，用于治疗妇女血崩、大便出血以及冷痢。还有白水牛的鼻子，干品或湿品都可以使用。治疗口眼歪斜，用火烤热牛角鼻，在不歪斜的一侧熨烫患处，逐渐就能矫正。
For medicinal use, the rhinoceros horn must be black in color and unsoaked or unboiled by water or broth; hence it is called "raw rhino horn" (Sheng Xi). The horns from Sichuan (Chuan Xi) and the South (Nan Xi) have fine grains. Among black rhino horns (Wu Xi), some still have distinct grains, but those with exposed yellow grains are extremely rare. None compare to those from Xifan (Western Regions/Tibet), where the grains are high and the "rain-foot" patterns (Yujiao, referring to linear striations resembling rain streaks) are prominent. When the outer appearance is yellow and the inner is black, it is termed "forward penetration" (Zheng Tou); when the outer is black and the inner is yellow, it is termed "reverse penetration" (Dao Tou). Generally, black is considered orthodox, and forms that resemble specific objects (such as the "penetrating rhino horn") are prized. If called a "penetrating rhino horn" (Tong Xi), it must also have prominent grain at the tip, clear distinction between yellow and black, complete penetration without detachment, and a smooth, lubricated texture like rain-streaks; these are ranked first. Deer antlers (Lu Rong) are harvested for their velvet tips, and rhino horns for their sharp tips; their most potent energies reside entirely therein. The tip of the rhino horn is best taken after grinding; if used in decoctions or powders, it should be shaved into flakes. Those from Xifan are superior.
Currently, horns with "hanging marks" (Gua Hen, longitudinal grooves on the surface) are selected. Chen Cangqi stated: one can hold the horn to the ear; if it produces a "ji ji" humming sound, it is good. This is also a forced assertion, not based on universal testing. Now, holding other animal horns to the ear also produces such sounds, so the criterion of "having hanging marks" is more definitive. However, many fakes exist, and careful examination is necessary.
Rhinoceros horns are produced in Shaanxi and Hedong regions. There is a type of wild goat (Yuan Yang, likely referring to Ibex or similar wild caprids mentioned in context, though text says 'Yang' with a missing character or variant), which is particularly fierce and robust, with the longest and densest hair. This goat can be used medicinally; for consumption, however, hornless white large sheep are preferable. The *Bencao* does not mention this, indicating an omission. Additionally, between Tongzhou and Huazhou, there are "lying-sand fine-ribbed sheep," which have horns similar to the wild goat but smaller; as food, they rank above all other sheep. Zhang Zhongjing used Ginger and Mutton Decoction (Shengjiang Yangrou Tang) to treat cold hernia (Han Shan), with no failures in efficacy. Another case involved a woman giving birth during a cold month; cold pathogen entered the vaginal opening, causing distension and fullness below the navel, with pain preventing touch. This was cold hernia. The physician intended to treat her with Efficacious Pill Decoction (Didang Tang), suspecting blood stasis. I advised him: "This is not the correct treatment. You may administer Zhang Zhongjing's Mutton Decoction, using less water. After two doses, she recovered."
This refers to the cheekbone area of the yellow ox horn. Use the tip, calcine it into black ash while preserving some of its original properties, to treat women's metrorrhagia (Xue Beng), hematochezia (blood in stool), and cold dysentery (Leng Li). Also, the nose of the white water buffalo can be used in both dry and fresh states. To treat facial paralysis with deviation of the mouth and eye (Pian Kou Xie Wa), heat the buffalo nose over fire and apply it as a hot compress to the unaffected side until alignment is gradually restored.