如长石，但理石如石膏顺理而细，其非顺理而细者为长石，治疗亦不相辽。
铁于矿中炼出者，谓之生铁。铁落，断而落者也。 （音柔）铁，铁炒成熟铁也。刚铁
，炼铁，去滓者也。铁精、针沙、铁浆，以上三等，取汁，各依经用。铁华粉、铁粉，以上
二等，烧 取。马衔、秤锤、车辖、杵锯，以上五等，特以其意使之耳。其生铁既自火中炼
石
而出，世谓之生铁。亦如炒脂麻取油，谓之生油，其义亦同，白油麻条中已着。铁粉，以生
姜汁调擦眉上，生眉毛。钢铁，今用柔铁屈盘，乃以生铁陷其间，泥封炼之， 令相入，
谓之围钢，又曰灌钢。此盖草创之钢，亦不免伪也。盖生铁之坚，及三四炼，则生铁亦自熟
，却是柔铁，而天下莫以为非。磁州炼坊，方识真钢。凡铁之有钢，如面之有筋，灌 揉
面既尽，筋乃见，炼钢亦然。恒取精铁一百余斤，每锻一火，称之遂轻。累锻称之，至于不
减
耗，此则纯钢也。实铁之精纯者，虽百炼不耗矣。其色清明，磨莹之，则黯黯而清且黑。亦
有炼之尽，全无钢者，系地之所产精粗尔。前所谓铁精者，其说有二∶陶隐居言出 灶中，
如尘、紫色、轻者为佳，亦以摩莹铜器用之。日华子又云∶犁 尖浸水中名为铁精。本条既
言化铜，则隐居所说是。盖锻灶中尘紫摩铜则明，浸犁 尖水非是。
像长石，只有理石是顺着纹理且质地细腻的，那些不顺着纹理且细的才叫长石，但在治疗作用上两者并没有太大差别。
从矿石中冶炼出来的铁，称为生铁。铁落，是指锻造时断裂掉落的铁屑。（音柔）铁，是将铁炒制成熟铁。刚铁，即炼铁，是去除杂质后的铁。铁精、针沙、铁浆，以上三种，取它们的汁液，各自按照经络病症使用。铁华粉、铁粉，以上两种，通过烧制后获取。马衔、秤锤、车辖、杵锯，以上五种，只是特意利用它们的形状或寓意来使用罢了。那生铁既然直接从火中冶炼石头而出，世人称之为生铁。这也如同炒芝麻取油，称为生油，其中的道理也是一样的，这在白油麻条中已经提到过。铁粉，用生姜汁调和涂抹在眉毛上，可以促使眉毛生长。钢铁，现在是用柔铁弯曲盘绕，然后将生铁陷在其中，用泥土密封冶炼，使二者融合，称为围钢，又叫灌钢。这大概是初创时期的制钢法，也不免有虚假之处。大概生铁很坚硬，经过三四次冶炼后，生铁也会变成熟铁，也就是柔铁，天下人都不认为不对。磁州的炼坊，才能识别真正的钢。凡是铁中含有钢，就像面粉中含有面筋一样，将面和揉搓到极致，面筋才会显现出来，炼钢也是同样的道理。通常选取一百多斤精铁，每次锻打一次，称重就会减轻。反复锻打并称重，直到重量不再减少消耗，这就是纯钢了。确实是铁中精纯的部分，即使经过百炼也不会损耗。它的颜色清明，打磨光亮后，则显得深沉而清澈发黑。也有冶炼殆尽、完全没有钢的，这取决于产地所出产铁矿的精粗不同。前面所说的铁精，有两种说法：陶隐居说它出自灶中，像灰尘一样，紫色、质地轻的为佳，也用来摩擦铜器使其明亮。日华子又说：犁尖浸泡在水中名为铁精。本条既言能化铜，那么陶隐居的说法是正确的。大概锻灶中的灰尘紫色物质摩擦铜器会变亮，而浸泡犁尖的水则不是。
As for Changshi (Long Stone), only Lishi (Reticulated Stone) is fine and follows the grain; those that are fine but do not follow the grain are called Changshi, yet their therapeutic effects are not significantly different.
Iron smelted from ore is called Shengtie (Pig Iron). Tielluo (Iron Scale/Filings) refers to iron fragments broken off during forging. (Pronounced 'rou') Tie (Iron) refers to iron stir-fried until it becomes Shutie (Wrought Iron). Gangtie (Hard Iron) is refined iron with impurities removed. Tiejing (Iron Essence), Zhensha (Needle Sand), and Tiejiang (Iron Slurry): for these three, the juice/liquid is extracted and used according to specific meridian indications. Tiehuafen (Iron Flower Powder) and Tiefen (Iron Powder): for these two, they are obtained through calcination. Maxian (Horse Bit), Chengchui (Scale Weight), Chexia (Axle Cap), Chuju (Mortar Pestle and Saw): for these five, they are used merely based on their symbolic meaning or shape. Since Shengtie (Pig Iron) is smelted directly from stone in fire, the world calls it Shengtie. This is similar to pressing sesame seeds to obtain oil, called Shengyou (Raw Oil); the principle is the same, as mentioned in the section on Baiyouma (White Sesame). Tiefen (Iron Powder), when mixed with fresh ginger juice and applied to the eyebrows, promotes eyebrow growth. Gangtie (Steel) is now made by coiling Rouruo (Soft Iron/Wrought Iron), placing Shengtie (Pig Iron) inside, sealing it with mud, and smelting it so that they merge. This is called Weigang (Encased Steel) or Guangguan (Poured Steel). This represents an early, rudimentary method of steelmaking, which inevitably contains elements of falsification. Generally, Shengtie (Pig Iron) is hard; after three or four refinements, the Shengtie itself becomes mature, turning into Rouruo (Soft Iron/Wrought Iron), a fact accepted universally. Only the smelters in Cizhou can identify true steel. The presence of steel in iron is like gluten in flour; only after kneading and working the dough thoroughly does the gluten appear. Smelting steel follows the same logic. Typically, over one hundred jin of refined iron is taken. After each hammering cycle, the weight decreases. Upon repeated hammering and weighing, when the weight no longer decreases, this is pure gang (steel). It is the most pure essence of iron; even after a hundred refinements, it does not diminish. Its color is clear and bright; after polishing, it appears deep, clear, and black. There are also cases where all iron is smelted away with no steel remaining, depending on the quality (fine or coarse) of the ore produced in that region. Regarding the previously mentioned Tiejing (Iron Essence), there are two theories: Tao Hongjing stated it comes from the furnace, resembling dust, purple in color, and light in texture, which is considered superior, and is also used to polish copper vessels. Ri Huazi claimed that water in which a plowshare tip has been soaked is called Tiejing (Iron Essence). Since the text mentions its ability to dissolve copper, Tao Hongjing’s description is correct. Generally, the purple dust from the forge polishes copper to brightness, whereas soaking a plowshare in water is incorrect.