头、胫与脊背入药。肉微咸。陈藏器所注乙骨之事,反射之目光堕地如白石之说,必
得之于人,终不免其所诬也。人或问曰∶风从虎何也?风,木也,虎,金也,木受金制,焉
得不从?故呼啸则风生,自然之道也。所以治风挛急,屈伸不得,走疰,癫疾,惊痫,骨节
风毒等,乃此义尔。
毛赤黄,其纹黑如钱而中空,比比相次。此兽猛捷过虎,故能安五脏,补绝伤,轻身
。又有土豹,毛更无纹,色亦不赤,其形亦小。此各自有种,非能变为虎也,圣人假喻而已
。恐医家未喻,故书之。
形类猫,其纹有二,一如连钱者,一如虎纹者。此二色狸,皆可入药。其肉味与狐不
相远,江西一种牛尾狸,其尾如牛,人多糟食,未闻入药。孟诜云∶“骨理痔病,作羹 食
之。”然则骨如何羹 (音郝,肉羹也?)炙骨和麝香、雄黄为丸服,治痔及 疮甚效。
有白毛者,全得金之气也,入药尤功。余兔至秋深时则可食,金气全也。才至春夏,其
味变。取四脚肘后毛为逐食,饲雕鹰,至次日吐出。其意欲腹中逐尽脂肥,使饥急捕逐速尔
。然作酱必使五味。即患豌豆疮,又食此,则发毒太甚,恐斑烂损人。
经中不言性味,惟是于难产通用药中云∶ 鼠,微温,毛赤黑色,长尾,人捕
得取皮为暖帽。但向下飞则可,亦不能致远。今关西山中甚有,毛极密,人谓之飞生者是也
。《注》中又引水马,首如马,身如虾,背伛偻,身有竹节纹,长二三寸,今谓之海马。
虎的头骨、胫骨和脊背骨可入药。虎肉味道微咸。陈藏器所记载的关于乙骨(一种传说中能反射视线的骨头)的事情,以及“反射目光使落地物体变成白石”的说法,必定是得自于人的虚构,终究难免被诬陷不实之嫌。有人问:“为什么风伴随老虎产生呢?”风属于木,虎属于金,木受到金的制约,怎么能不随之而动呢?所以虎呼啸时风就产生,这是自然的道理。因此,虎骨用于治疗风邪引起的筋脉拘挛紧急、屈伸不利、走注疼痛(游走性疼痛)、癫疾、惊痫、骨节风毒等病症,正是基于这一原理。
虎毛呈赤黄色,其花纹黑色如铜钱状且中间空心,彼此紧密排列。这种野兽凶猛敏捷超过老虎,所以能安养五脏,补益严重外伤,使身体轻健。还有一种土豹,毛发没有花纹,颜色也不红,体型也较小。这各自是不同的种类,不能变成老虎,只是圣人借用比喻罢了。恐怕医家不理解,所以记录下来。
狸猫外形像猫,其花纹有两种,一种像连钱纹,一种像虎纹。这两种颜色的狸猫都可以入药。它们的肉味与狐狸肉不相上下。江西有一种牛尾狸,尾巴像牛尾巴,人们多将其糟制后食用,没听说入药。孟诜说:“用狸骨治疗痔疮,做成羹汤食用。”那么狸骨如何做成羹呢?烤狸骨并配合麝香、雄黄制成丸剂服用,治疗痔疮及疮疡非常有效。
有白色毛发的兔,完全获得了金之气,入药功效更佳。其他兔子直到深秋时节才可以食用,因为此时金气完备。刚到春夏季节,其味道就会改变。取四脚肘后的毛作为饲料喂给雕鹰,到第二天雕鹰会吐出食物。其意图是让鹰腹中的脂肥被逐尽,使其饥饿急切地捕猎追逐猎物。然而制作兔肉酱必须使五味调和。如果患有豌豆疮(天花或水痘类疾病),又吃了兔肉,则会导致毒发太甚,恐怕会造成皮肤斑烂损伤人体。
经书中未记载鼠的性味,只是在治疗难产的通用药物中提到:鼠性微温,毛色赤黑,尾巴长,人捕捉后取其皮制作保暖帽子。但向下飞行是可以的,也不能飞得很远。现在关西的山中很多,毛发极其浓密,人们称之为飞生鼠。《注》中还引用了水马,头部像马,身体像虾,背部弯曲驼起,身上有竹节状花纹,长二三寸,现在称为海马。
The skull, tibia, and vertebral column of the tiger are used as medicine. The meat is slightly salty. The matter concerning the "Yi bone" (a legendary bone) noted by Chen Cangqi, and the theory that its reflected gaze turns fallen objects into white stone, must have originated from human fabrication; ultimately, it cannot avoid being regarded as false accusations. Someone might ask: "Why does wind follow the tiger?" Wind belongs to Wood, and the tiger belongs to Metal. Since Wood is controlled by Metal, how can it not follow? Therefore, when the tiger roars, wind arises; this is the way of nature. Thus, tiger bone is used to treat conditions such as wind-induced spasms and tightness, inability to flex or extend limbs, wandering pain (Zou Zhu), epilepsy, convulsive disorders, and bone-joint wind toxicity, based on this principle.
The fur is reddish-yellow, with black patterns resembling coins that are hollow in the center, arranged closely in sequence. This beast is fiercer and more agile than the tiger; therefore, it can calm the five Zang organs, tonify severe injuries, and lighten the body. There is also a "local leopard," whose fur has no patterns, is not red in color, and is smaller in size. These are distinct species and cannot transform into tigers; sages merely used them as metaphors. Fearing that medical practitioners might not understand, I have recorded this.
The form resembles a cat, with two types of patterns: one like linked coins, and the other like tiger stripes. Both colors of civet cats can be used as medicine. Their meat taste is not far from that of foxes. In Jiangxi, there is a type called "ox-tail civet," whose tail resembles an ox's tail; people often pickle and eat it, but it is rarely heard of being used as medicine. Meng Shen said: "Use civet bone to treat hemorrhoids, prepared as a soup." Then how should the bone be made into soup? Roasted civet bone combined with Musk (Moschus) and Realgar (Realgar) formed into pills and taken orally is very effective for treating hemorrhoids and sores.
Rabbits with white fur fully possess the Qi of Metal and are especially efficacious when used as medicine. Other rabbits can be eaten only in late autumn, when the Metal Qi is complete. When spring and summer arrive, their taste changes. The hair from behind the four elbows is taken to feed eagles and hawks; the next day, they vomit up the food. The intention is to clear all fat from the bird's stomach, making it hungry and eager to hunt swiftly. However, when making rabbit paste, the five flavors must be balanced. If one suffers from smallpox/chickenpox (Wandou Chuang) and eats rabbit meat, the toxin may flare up severely, potentially causing disfiguring skin lesions.
The classics do not state the nature and flavor of rats. It is only mentioned in general medicines for difficult labor that rat is slightly warm, has reddish-black fur, and a long tail; humans catch them and use the skin to make warm hats. They can fly downwards but cannot travel far. They are abundant in the mountains west of the pass, with extremely dense fur; people call them "Feisheng" (Flying Life). The commentary also cites "Shuima" (Water Horse), which has a head like a horse, a body like a shrimp, a hunched back, and bamboo-joint-like patterns on its body, measuring two or three cun in length; it is now known as Seahorse (Hai Ma).