黑色长三四寸。形如拇脂。又似狗脊。凸凹 。有硬黑须簇之。其肉青绿色。春秋
采根。曝干用。又一种有金黄毛如狗形。皆可入药。勿用透山藤根。形状相似。只是入顶苦
不可饵也。（ ）
味苦甘平。气微温。苦燥湿。甘益血。温养气。是补而能走之药。入足少阴。萆 为之
使。恶败酱莎草。治腰背强。关机缓急。周痹寒湿膝痛。并脚弱毒风软脚。肾气虚弱。及风
邪淋露。少气目暗。（濒湖谓治风虚）又女子伤中关节重。强肝肾。续筋骨。补益男子。颇
利老人。并治失溺不节。主肝肾体用权衡形脏之关机者。（之颐）得牛膝菟丝地黄山萸白胶
杜仲。固精强骨壮腰肾。得沉香牛膝石斛木瓜白藓皮菊花五加皮漆叶蒺藜子。能通利关节。
除五缓六急。
〔论〕 狗脊之用。在本经关机缓急一语。人身八溪。（即八虚。两肘两腋两髀两 也。）
为关机之室。一溪有邪气恶血住留。则伤乎经络。而上下各关机举为之不利。不利即缓急。
夫经脉固所以利关节者也。然则关机之利。能不根治于大会之地乎。内经谓大关节在腰脊。
以腰为肾府。脊乃足太阳之所行。此一脏一腑。系人身根带。而肾中冲脉。实又为经脉之海。
（丹溪治人右手疼痛挛拳因湿气。以二陈加金毛狗脊杜仲川芎升麻。可知兹味宜于湿。而于
阴气不足之湿乃为中病。惟经脉之海。总属于肾中冲脉。故又以之治手也。）然则八溪虽为
关机之室。而腰脊尤居关节之大者。所以行血气。营阴阳。濡筋骨而利关节。胥属肾与膀胱
也。即经所云肾有邪则气留于两 。可知关机之室如两 者。尤以肾为主矣。又如脚弱并毒
风软脚。皆由大关节之处有邪气恶血留滞。故在下之经脉有伤而见于脚者。其关机不利如是
耳。夫别录既言风邪淋露少气目暗。（目睛神水。固属胆汁。然化原在肾水。水郁而风木不
能达之于上。故目暗。此皆经脉不利之故。以三阴经脉从下而上也。）甄权又言毒风软脚肾
气虚弱。即此知狗脊之功。专主下焦肝肾之阴气。本经谓颇利老人。缘老人下焦之阴气虚。
多有不利故也。抑本经但言寒湿。而别录甄权又出风邪毒风之治。有二道欤。要知肾者水脏
。全藉风木以达阳而化阴。风木虚则阳不达。阳不达则阴不化。而寒湿病乎血。病乎血则风
化自病而为风邪。久之为毒风。还病于肾脏而为风毒。或化为湿热以成种种肝病。皆坐风虚
而已。此味能益肾气。使阳得达而阴得化。用之者主辅得宜。（病各有所因。则剂各有所主
。）有何关节不利而风湿不瘳乎。
缪氏云。肾虚有热。小水不利。或短涩赤黄。口舌干。皆忌。
〔修治〕 去毛须。锉。酒浸一夕用。
黑色，长三四寸。形状像拇指的脂肪。又像狗脊。表面凹凸不平。有硬黑的须状物簇拥着。其肉质呈青绿色。春秋两季采集根部。晒干后使用。还有一种带有金黄色的毛，形状像狗。这两种都可以入药。不要使用透山藤的根，形状相似，只是顶端发苦，不可服用。（ ）
味苦、甘，性平。气微温。苦能燥湿，甘能益血，温能养气。这是补益而能通行的药物。归足少阴肾经。萆薢为其引经药。畏败酱、莎草。治疗腰背强直，关节缓急不利，周身痹症寒湿膝痛，以及脚弱、毒风软脚。肾气虚弱，以及风邪淋露（指小便淋漓不尽或遗精滑泄等症），少气，目暗。（李时珍认为治疗风虚）还有女子伤中导致的关节沉重，强健肝肾，续接筋骨，补益男子，颇利于老人。并治疗失禁不节，主治肝肾体用权衡及形脏之关机的功能。（陈藏器）配伍牛膝、菟丝子、地黄、山茱萸、白胶、杜仲，可固精、强骨、壮腰肾。配伍沉香、牛膝、石斛、木瓜、白鲜皮、菊花、五加皮、漆叶、蒺藜子，能通利关节，去除五缓六急。
〔论〕 狗脊的功效，在于《本经》中“关机缓急”一语。人身有八溪。（即八虚：两肘、两腋、两髀、两腘。）是关机的所在之处。一处有邪气恶血停留，就会损伤经络，导致上下各关节都不利。不利就是缓急。经脉固然用来利关节。那么关机的利，能不从根本上在大关节处治理吗？《内经》说大关节在腰脊。以腰为肾之府，脊是足太阳膀胱经所行之处。这一脏一腑，系着人身根本带脉，而肾中的冲脉，实在是经脉之海。（朱丹溪治疗一人右手疼痛挛拳因湿气，用二陈汤加金毛狗脊、杜仲、川芎、升麻。可知此药适宜于湿，而对于阴气不足的湿证乃是对症之药。只有经脉之海，总属于肾中冲脉，所以又用它来治手。）那么八溪虽然为关机的所在，而腰脊尤其居于关节的大者。所以行气血，营阴阳，濡筋骨而利关节，都归属于肾与膀胱。即经文所说肾有邪则气留于两腘。可知如两腘这样的关机所在，尤以肾为主。又如脚弱并毒风软脚，都是由大关节之处有邪气恶血留滞。所以在下的经脉受伤而表现在脚上，其机关不利就是这样。《别录》既说风邪淋露少气目暗。（目睛神水，固然属于胆汁，但化源在肾水，水郁而风木不能达之于上，所以目暗。这都是经脉不利的缘故。因为三阴经脉从下而上。）甄权又说毒风软脚肾气虚弱。由此可知狗脊的功效，专主下焦肝肾之阴气。《本经》说颇利老人。因为老人下焦之阴气虚，多有不利的原因。况且《本经》只言寒湿，而《别录》和甄权又提出风邪毒风的治疗，是有两种途径吗？要知道肾是水脏，全赖风木之气来通达阳气而化生阴液。风木虚则阳气不达，阳气不达则阴液不化，从而产生寒湿病于血。病于血则风化自病而为风邪，久则为毒风，还病于肾脏而为风毒。或化为湿热以成种种肝病，都是由于风虚所致。此药能益肾气，使阳得达而阴得化。使用者只要主次得当。（病各有病因，则方剂各有主治。）有什么关节不利而风湿不愈的呢？
缪氏说。肾虚有热，小便不利。或短涩赤黄，口舌干，都忌用。
〔修治〕 去毛须。锉碎。酒浸一夜后使用。
Black in color, three to four inches long. The shape resembles the fat of a thumb. It also looks like the spine of a dog. The surface is uneven. It has clusters of hard black rootlets. Its flesh is bluish-green. The roots are harvested in spring and autumn. They are dried in the sun for use. Another variety has golden-yellow hairs resembling a dog. Both can be used as medicine. Do not use the root of *Pueraria lobata* (Tou Shan Teng), which has a similar shape but is bitter at the top and should not be ingested. ( )
Bitter and sweet in taste, neutral in nature. The qi is slightly warm. Bitterness dries dampness, sweetness benefits blood, and warmth nourishes qi. This is a tonifying yet circulating herb. It enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shao Yin Shen Jing). *Bixie* (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma) serves as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with *Patrinia* (Ba Jiang) and *Carex* (Sha Cao). It treats stiffness and soreness of the waist and back, laxity and tension of joints, generalized bi-syndrome with cold-damp knee pain, as well as leg weakness, toxic wind, and soft foot syndrome. For weak kidney qi, and conditions such as wind-pathogen-induced urinary dribbling or seminal emission, shortness of breath, and dim vision. (Li Shizhen states it treats wind-deficiency.) It also addresses heaviness of joints due to middle-jiao injury in women, strengthens the liver and kidney, reconnects sinews and bones, benefits men, and is particularly advantageous for the elderly. It treats urinary incontinence and lack of control, primarily regulating the balance of substance and function of the liver and kidney, and the joint mechanisms of form and viscera. (Chen Cangqi) When combined with *Achyranthes* (Niu Xi), *Cuscuta* (Tu Si Zi), *Rehmannia* (Di Huang), *Cornus* (Shan Zhu Yu), *Colla Corii Asini* (Bai Jiao), and *Eucommia* (Du Zhong), it consolidates essence, strengthens bones, and fortifies the lower back and kidneys. When combined with *Aquilaria* (Chen Xiang), *Achyranthes* (Niu Xi), *Dendrobium* (Shi Hu), *Quince* (Mu Gua), *Phellodendron* (Bai Xian Pi), *Chrysanthemum* (Ju Hua), *Acanthopanax* (Wu Jia Pi), *Toxicodendron* (Qi Ye), and *Tribulus* (Ji Li Zi), it promotes free flow in joints and eliminates five slackness and six tensions.
[Discussion] The utility of *Cibotium* (Gou Ji) lies in the phrase "laxity and tension of joints" from the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. The human body has eight streams (also known as the Eight Empties: two elbows, two axillae, two thighs, and two popliteal fossae). These are the chambers of the joint mechanisms. If pathogenic factors and evil blood remain in one stream, it damages the meridians, causing dysfunction in all upper and lower joints. Dysfunction manifests as laxity and tension. Although meridians facilitate joint movement, the proper functioning of joint mechanisms must be fundamentally treated at the major joints. The *Neijing* states that major joints are located in the waist and spine. The waist is the mansion of the Kidney, and the spine is the pathway of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. This zang-fu pair constitutes the root belt of the body, while the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) within the Kidney is the sea of meridians. (Zhu Danxi treated a patient's right hand pain and contracted fist caused by dampness using *Er Chen Tang* plus *Cibotium*, *Eucommia*, *Angelica Sinensis* (Chuan Xiong), and *Bupleurum* (Sheng Ma). This indicates this herb is suitable for dampness, and specifically targets dampness associated with yin deficiency. Since the sea of meridians is governed by the Chong Mai in the Kidney, it is also used to treat the hand.) Thus, although the eight streams are chambers of joint mechanisms, the waist and spine occupy the position of the major joints. Therefore, the circulation of qi and blood, the regulation of yin and yang, the moistening of sinews and bones, and the facilitation of joints all belong to the Kidney and Bladder. As the classics state, when the Kidney has pathogenic factors, qi remains in the two popliteal fossae. Thus, joint chambers like the popliteal fossae are primarily governed by the Kidney. Similarly, leg weakness and toxic wind soft foot syndrome are caused by the stagnation of pathogenic factors and evil blood in major joints. Hence, damage to the lower meridians manifests in the feet, resulting in such joint dysfunction. The *Bencao Jing Jiu Xin* mentions wind-pathogen-induced urinary dribbling, shortness of breath, and dim vision. (The spirit water of the eye belongs to gallbladder bile, but its source is kidney water. If water is stagnant, wind-wood cannot ascend, causing dim vision. This is due to meridian dysfunction, as the Three-Yin meridians ascend from below.) Zhen Quan also mentioned toxic wind, soft foot, and weak kidney qi. From this, we know the efficacy of *Cibotium* focuses on the yin qi of the lower jiao liver and kidney. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it is beneficial for the elderly because the elderly often have deficient yin qi in the lower jiao, leading to dysfunction. Furthermore, while the *Shennong Bencao Jing* only mentions cold-damp, the *Bencao Jing Jiu Xin* and Zhen Quan introduce treatments for wind-pathogen and toxic wind. Are there two different pathways? One must understand that the Kidney is a water organ, relying entirely on wind-wood qi to reach yang and transform yin. If wind-wood is deficient, yang does not reach; if yang does not reach, yin is not transformed, leading to cold-damp disease affecting blood. Disease affecting blood causes wind transformation into wind-pathogen, which over time becomes toxic wind, returning to the Kidney as wind-toxin. Or it transforms into damp-heat, forming various liver diseases. All are due to wind-deficiency. This herb benefits kidney qi, allowing yang to reach and yin to transform. Users must ensure appropriate primary and auxiliary roles. (Since diseases have specific causes, formulas have specific indications.) What joint dysfunction or wind-dampness would not heal?
Miao stated that for kidney deficiency with heat, characterized by difficult urination, or short, scanty, red, and yellow urine, along with dry mouth and tongue, it is contraindicated.
[Processing] Remove the hairy rootlets. Slice. Soak in wine overnight before use.