《二分晰义》书中载赔赈散一方，用大黄为君，而以僵蚕、蝉蜕、姜黄佐之。共为末，蜜酒
调服，用治三十六般热疫。夫一方而治多病者，唯万应膏为然，除此则广东蜡丸亦有此说。然彼
必有一单某症用某引和服，是丸虽一方，而引因病异，则
引之所关最大，视无引而一方兼治者不侔矣。且瘟疫更与杂症不同，有表里分传之异，经腑脏胃
之殊，老少强弱之分，天人风土之别焉，能以一方而治三十六症乎？余始得此书，值瘟疫盛行之
年，曾修和一料备用。后偶出门，一女孙患瘟疫，家中人因取与服，服之返泄泻昏睡增剧，筠谷
兄修合此药云∶乳蛾等疾服之甚效。余细维其故，孙女服之增剧者，以邪尚在表，方内有大黄宜
乎不受。至于云治咽喉或于热毒相宜，岂三十六症中讵无一应者乎？□□□□□□中又有大小复
苏饮子、大小清凉涤疫散、靖疫饮、驱疫饮等方，总以黄连为君，更杂录诸寒苦药以佐之，□□
□□有至二十味之多者，更断断不敢用也。
《景岳全书》各门中讲解俱极精详透辟，唯瘟疫□□□□然缘其将伤寒、瘟疫二症，搅作一
团，未曾分晰。□□□□□□□□□□□□□□也。其论瘟疫曰∶瘟疫本即伤寒，无非外邪之病，
但染时气而病，无少长率相似者，是即瘟疫之谓云云。□□□□□□□□□□第伤寒为寒所伤，
或凉雨所逼，或风雪所激，或失足落水，
或猝然脱衣，或当风而寝，以致头痛憎寒，皮肤壮热，脊强无汗，方谓之伤寒。此系自取之病，
病只一人而止，而众人不然也。至于瘟疫绝无诸项感触，而抖然患病，且非一人，乡邑闾里动皆
相似，其症虽有头痛身热，脊强而多汗，始终一于为热。□□□□与伤寒迥乎不同，治法亦异。
如何曰瘟疫本即伤寒乎？夫既曰本即伤寒，再立瘟疫一门，岂非赘瘤乎？且既曰本即伤寒，而
又曰染时气而病。吾不知先伤于寒，而后为时气所染乎？抑染于时气，而后为寒所伤乎？抑二
者并集于一人之身乎？总缘伤寒、瘟疫原未看清，犹做帖括者，认题不真，下笔便错。虽词藻绚
烂而不中肯綮，总属陈饭土羹，其何以言文哉？□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□
□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□最不敢从者发汗峻补二条。抑知瘟疫岂强汗之
所能解者乎？而峻补岂可施于热毒之人乎？唯汗下后或显虚症，或虚极久病之人而感瘟者，用补
法亦自不可少也。
《二分晰义》一书中记载了“赔赈散”这一方剂，以大黄为君药（主药），并用僵蚕、蝉蜕、姜黄作为佐药（辅助药）。将药物共研为细末，用蜂蜜和酒调服，用于治疗三十六种热性疫病。一般来说，只有一个方子能治疗多种疾病的，只有万应膏是这样，除此之外，广东的蜡丸也有类似说法。但是那些蜡丸必定有针对某种特定症状使用特定的引经药配合服用，虽然也是同一个方子，但引经药因病而异，所以引经药的作用至关重要，这与没有引经药而一个方子兼治多种疾病的情况不可同日而语。况且瘟疫与杂病不同，有表里分传的差异，经络、腑脏、胃腑的区别，老少体质的强弱之分，以及天时、地理风土的不同，怎么能用一个方子来治疗三十六种病症呢？
我刚开始得到这本书时，正值瘟疫盛行之年，曾按照此方配制了一料备用。后来偶然出门，我的小孙女患了瘟疫，家里人便取来给她服用，结果服药后反而出现腹泻、昏睡且病情加重。筠谷兄说配制这种药是为了治疗乳蛾等疾，服用非常有效。我仔细思考其中的原因，孙女服药后病情加重，是因为邪气还在体表，方中含有大黄（苦寒泻下药），身体自然无法承受。至于说治疗咽喉疾病或许适合热毒之症，难道在三十六种病症中就没有一种适用的吗？
书中还有大小复苏饮子、大小清凉涤疫散、靖疫饮、驱疫饮等方剂，总以黄连为君药，更混杂收录各种寒凉苦涩的药物作为佐药，有的甚至多达二十味，我坚决不敢使用。
《景岳全书》各门类中的讲解都极其精详透彻，唯独在瘟疫方面……原因在于他将伤寒和瘟疫这两种病症混为一谈，未曾加以区分。他论述瘟疫说：“瘟疫本来即是伤寒，无非是外邪致病，只是感染了时气而发病，无论老少大多相似，这就是所谓的瘟疫。”然而，伤寒是被寒气所伤，或是被凉雨逼迫，或被风雪刺激，或失足落水，或突然脱衣，或在风中睡觉，导致头痛、憎恶寒冷、皮肤高热、脊背僵硬无汗，这才称为伤寒。这是自身招致的病，只影响一个人，而众人则不然。至于瘟疫完全没有上述种种感触，却突然患病，且不止一人，乡村邻里之间往往症状相似，其症状虽然有头痛身热、脊背僵硬但多汗，始终表现为热证。这与伤寒截然不同，治疗方法也各异。怎么还说瘟疫本来即是伤寒呢？既然说本来即是伤寒，再单独设立瘟疫一门，岂不是多余的吗？而且既然说本来即是伤寒，又说感染时气而发病。我不知道是先受寒邪伤害，而后被时气感染呢？还是先被时气感染，而后受寒邪伤害呢？还是两者同时聚集在一个人身上呢？归根结底是因为没有看清伤寒和瘟疫的本质区别，就像做八股文的人，认题不真，下笔就错。虽然辞藻华丽但不切要害，终究是陈旧的饭菜和泥土做的羹汤，怎么能称之为文章呢？
我最不敢苟同的是发汗和峻补两条原则。岂不知瘟疫难道能通过强力发汗就能解除的吗？而峻补之法又怎能施用于热毒炽盛之人呢？只有在发汗或攻下之后，或者显现出虚证，或者是极度虚弱久病之人感染了瘟疫，使用补法也是不可少的。
The book *Er Fen Xi Yi* records a prescription called Peizhen San (Compensation and Relief Powder), using Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) as the Jun (Monarch) herb, assisted by Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), and Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma). The herbs are ground into powder and taken with honey and wine to treat thirty-six types of febrile epidemics. Generally, only one formula can treat multiple diseases; this is true for Wanying Gao (Ten-Thousand-Indications Plaster), and Guangdong wax pills also claim similar efficacy. However, those pills must specify a specific Yin Jing Yao (Meridian-Guiding Herb) to be taken with the formula according to the specific symptom. Although it is the same formula, the guiding herb varies with the disease, making the role of the guiding herb crucial, which is incomparable to formulas without guiding herbs that claim to treat multiple conditions simultaneously. Moreover, epidemics differ from miscellaneous diseases; there are differences in transmission between exterior and interior, distinctions among meridians, fu-organs, zang-organs, and stomach, variations in age and constitution strength, and differences in heavenly timing and local geography. How can one formula treat thirty-six different conditions?
When I first obtained this book, during a year when epidemics were rampant, I prepared a dose for backup use. Later, upon returning home, my granddaughter suffered from an epidemic. Her family members administered the medicine to her, but she subsequently developed diarrhea, lethargy, and worsened symptoms. Brother Yungu stated that this formula was effective for treating throat ailments like Ru E (Milk Throat/Tonsillitis). Upon careful reflection, the reason my granddaughter’s condition worsened after taking the medicine is that the pathogenic factor remained in the exterior, and the presence of Dahuang (a bitter-cold purgative) made it unsuitable for her body. As for treating throat diseases where heat-toxin might be appropriate, surely among the thirty-six conditions there would be at least one applicable case?
The book also contains prescriptions such as Da Xiao Fu Su Yin Zi (Large and Small Revival Decoction), Da Xiao Qing Liang Di Yi San (Large and Small Clearing-Cooling Epidemic-Purging Powder), Jing Yi Yin (Pacify-Epidemic Decoction), and Qu Yi Yin (Expel-Epidemic Decoction). All these use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) as the Jun (Monarch) herb, mixed with various cold and bitter drugs as assistants, some containing up to twenty ingredients. I firmly dare not use them.
The explanations in various sections of *Jing Yue Quan Shu* (Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue) are extremely detailed and profound, except regarding epidemics... This is because he conflated Shang Han (Cold Damage) and Wen Yi (Epidemic Fevers), failing to distinguish them clearly. His discussion on epidemics states: "Epidemics are essentially Shang Han; they are merely diseases caused by external pathogens, contracted through seasonal qi, affecting people of all ages similarly; this is what is meant by epidemics." However, Shang Han is caused by cold injury, or forced by cool rain, stimulated by wind and snow, falling into water, sudden exposure of clothing, or sleeping in the wind, resulting in headache, aversion to cold, high skin fever, stiff spine, and absence of sweat; this is defined as Shang Han. This is a self-inflicted illness affecting only one person, whereas epidemics affect many. Epidemics, however, occur suddenly without any of the aforementioned exposures, affecting multiple people in a village who present similar symptoms. Their symptoms include headache, body heat, stiff spine, but with profuse sweating, consistently manifesting as heat syndromes. This is radically different from Shang Han, and the treatment methods differ accordingly. How can one say epidemics are essentially Shang Han? If they are essentially Shang Han, establishing a separate category for epidemics would be redundant. Furthermore, if they are essentially Shang Han yet contracted via seasonal qi, I do not know whether one is first injured by cold and then infected by seasonal qi, or infected by seasonal qi and then injured by cold, or both accumulate simultaneously in one person. Ultimately, this stems from a failure to clearly distinguish between Shang Han and Wen Yi, akin to a candidate for the imperial examinations misinterpreting the topic and writing incorrectly from the start. Although the language may be ornate, it misses the point, amounting to stale rice and mud soup; how can it be considered good writing?
The two principles I most strongly disagree with are vigorous sweating and drastic tonification. Does one not realize that epidemics cannot be resolved by forceful sweating? And how can drastic tonification be applied to individuals suffering from heat-toxin? Only after sweating or purging, or when deficiency syndromes appear, or when extremely weak and chronically ill individuals contract an epidemic, is the use of tonification methods indispensable.