气温，味辛。无毒。
入手太阴经、足阳明经。
《液》云∶以通上下之阳也。《活人书》∶伤寒头痛如破，连须葱白汤主之。
《心》云∶通阳气，辛而甘，气浓味薄，阳也。发散风邪。
《本草》云∶葱实，主明目，补中不足。其茎白，平。可作汤，主伤寒寒热，出汗，中
风，面目肿，伤寒骨肉痛，喉痹不通；安胎，归目，除肝邪气；安中，利五脏，益目精，杀
百药毒。葱根，主伤寒头痛。葱汁，平温，主溺血，解藜芦毒。
气温，味辛，微酸。无毒。
《本草》云∶归心，安五脏，除胃中热，利病患，可久食。子，主梦泄精，溺白。根，
养发。阴物变为阳。
气温，味苦、辛。无毒。
入手阳明经。
《本草》云∶主金疮疮败。轻身不饥，耐老。除寒热，去水气，温中散结，利病患。诸
疮中风寒水肿，以此涂之。下重者，气滞也。四逆散加此，以泄气滞。
《心》云∶治泄痢下重，下焦气滞，泄滞气。
气寒，味苦。有毒。
《本草》云∶治大水，身面四肢浮肿，下水，杀蛊毒。咳逆上气，及食诸果，病在胸腹
中者，皆吐下之。去鼻中息肉，疗黄胆，鼻中出黄水。除偏头疼，有神，头目有湿，宜此。
瓜蒂苦，以治胸中寒，与白虎同例，俱见知母条下。与麝香、细辛为使。治久不闻香臭。
仲景钤方∶瓜蒂一十四个，丁香一个，黍米四十九粒，为末，含水 一字，取下。
【葱白】
气味：气微温，味辛。无毒。
归经：入足太阴肺经、足阳明胃经。
《汤液本草》记载：用于通达上下的阳气。《活人书》记载：治疗伤寒引起的剧烈头痛（如破碎感），主方为连须葱白汤。
《珍珠囊》记载：能通调阳气，性味辛而甘，气厚味薄，属阳。具有发散风邪的作用。
《本草》记载：葱实（葱的种子），主治明目，补益中气不足。葱茎的白色部分，性平。可煎汤服用，主治伤寒寒热往来、发汗、中风、面目浮肿、伤寒导致的骨肉疼痛、喉痹不通；有安胎、引药入目、祛除肝经邪气的作用；能安定中焦、利养五脏、增进视力精华、解除百药之毒。葱根，主治伤寒头痛。葱汁，性平温，主治尿血，能解藜芦之毒。
【葱子/葱整体补充】
气味：气微温，味辛，略带酸味。无毒。
《本草》记载：归心经，能安定五脏，清除胃中热气，利于病患恢复，可以长期食用。葱子，主治梦遗泄精、小便色白。葱根，能滋养头发。此处指阴性的植物转化为阳性的作用。
【薤白】
气味：气微温，味苦、辛。无毒。
归经：入足阳明胃经。
《本草》记载：主治金疮溃烂不愈。能使身体轻健、耐饥、抗衰老。清除寒热，去除水湿之气，温暖中焦、消散结滞，利于病患。对于各种疮疡因风寒引起的水肿，可用此药涂抹。大便下重坠感，是气机阻滞所致。在四逆散中加入薤白，以疏通气机阻滞。
《珍珠囊》记载：治疗痢疾伴有的里急后重，针对下焦气机阻滞，疏导滞气。
【瓜蒂】
气味：气寒，味苦。有毒。
《本草》记载：治疗严重水肿，导致身面四肢浮肿，能利水下行，杀灭蛊毒。对于咳嗽气逆上冲，以及食用各种水果后，病邪位于胸腹中的情况，均可使用催吐或泻下法排出。能去除鼻中息肉，治疗黄疸、鼻流黄水。清除偏头痛，效果显著；头部和眼睛有湿气者，适宜使用此药。瓜蒂味苦，用于治疗胸中寒邪，与白虎汤的用法类似，详见知母条目下。常与麝香、细辛配伍使用。治疗长期闻不到香气和臭味。张仲景的验方：瓜蒂十四个，丁香一个，黍米四十九粒，研为细末，含一口水，吐出痰涎宿食。
[Scallion White]
Properties and Flavor: Slightly warm in nature, pungent in flavor. Non-toxic.
Meridian Tropism: Enters the Foot-Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian.
*Tangye Bencao* states: It is used to unblock the Yang Qi of the upper and lower parts. *Liuren Shu* states: For severe headache caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan) feeling as if the head is breaking, the main prescription is Lianxu Congbai Tang (Scallion White with Roots Decoction).
*Zhenzhu Nang* states: It can unblock and regulate Yang Qi; its flavor is pungent and sweet, with a thick Qi and thin flavor, belonging to Yang. It has the function of dispersing Wind pathogens.
*Bencao* states: Scallion seeds (Congshi) mainly benefit vision and tonify deficiency of Middle Qi. The white part of the scallion stem is neutral in nature. It can be decocted to treat alternating chills and fever from Cold Damage, induce sweating, treat Wind-stroke, facial and ocular edema, bone and muscle pain from Cold Damage, and obstruction of the throat (Houbi); it calms the fetus, guides medicine to the eyes, eliminates pathogenic factors of the Liver, stabilizes the Middle Jiao, benefits the Five Zang organs, enhances visual essence, and detoxifies various medicines. Scallion roots mainly treat headaches from Cold Damage. Scallion juice is neutral and warm, treating hematuria and resolving the toxicity of Veratrum (Lilu).
[Scallion Supplement]
Properties and Flavor: Slightly warm in nature, pungent with a slight sourness. Non-toxic.
*Bencao* states: Enters the Heart Meridian, calms the Five Zang organs, clears heat in the Stomach, benefits patients, and can be consumed for a long time. Scallion seeds treat nocturnal emission and white urine. Scallion roots nourish hair. This refers to the transformation of Yin substances into Yang.
[Allium Macrostemon Bulb / Xiebai]
Properties and Flavor: Slightly warm in nature, bitter and pungent in flavor. Non-toxic.
Meridian Tropism: Enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian.
*Bencao* states: Mainly treats non-healing sores from metal injuries. It makes the body light, resists hunger, and delays aging. It eliminates chills and fever, removes damp-fluid accumulation, warms the Middle Jiao, dissipates nodules, and benefits patients. For water swelling caused by Wind-Cold in various sores, apply this externally. A sensation of heaviness in defecation indicates Qi stagnation. Adding Xiebai to Sini San (Four Reversal Powder) helps to vent Qi stagnation.
*Zhenzhu Nang* states: Treats dysentery with tenesmus, addressing Qi stagnation in the Lower Jiao, and draining stagnant Qi.
[Melon Peduncle / Gou Di]
Properties and Flavor: Cold in nature, bitter in flavor. Toxic.
*Bencao* states: Treats severe edema causing swelling of the face, body, and limbs; promotes urination to drain fluids; kills Gu poison. For coughing with rebellious Qi, or after eating various fruits where pathology resides in the chest and abdomen, emetic or purgative methods should be used to expel them. It removes nasal polyps, treats jaundice, and discharge of yellow fluid from the nose. It relieves migraine effectively; suitable for cases with dampness in the head and eyes. Gou Di is bitter and treats cold in the chest, similar in principle to Baihu Tang; see the entry for Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) for details. It is often used as an assistant herb with Musk (Shexiang) and Asarum (Xixin) to treat anosmia and ageusia (inability to smell fragrance or odor). Zhang Zhongjing's verified formula: 14 pieces of Gou Di, 1 piece of Clove (Dingxiang), 49 grains of Millet (Shumi), ground into powder. Take a mouthful of water, and vomit out phlegm and retained food.