自缢、被人勒杀或算杀假作自缢，甚易辨。真自缢者，用绳索、帛之类系缚处，交至左
右耳后，深紫色。眼合、唇开、手握、齿露。缢在喉上，则舌抵齿；喉下，则舌多出。胸前
有涎滴沫，臀后有粪出。若被人打勒杀，假作自缢，则口眼开、手散、发慢。喉下血脉不行
，痕迹浅淡。舌不出，亦不抵齿。项上肉有指爪痕，身上别有致命伤损去处。
惟有生勒未死间，实时吊起，诈作自缢，此稍难辨。如迹状可疑，莫若检作勒杀，立限
捉贼也。
凡被人隔物，或窗棂或林木之类勒死，伪作自缢，则绳不交。喉下痕多平过，却极深，
黑黯色，亦不起于耳后发际。
绞勒喉下死者，结缔在死人项后。两手不垂下，纵垂下亦不直。项后结交，却有背倚柱
等处，或把衫襟KT 着，即喉下有衣衫领黑迹，是要害处气闷身死。
凡检被勒身死人，将项下勒绳索，或者诸般带系，临时仔细声说，缠绕过遭数。多是于
项后当正，或偏左、右系定，须有系不尽垂头处。其尸合面地卧，为被勒时争命，须是揉扑
得头发或角子散慢，或沿身上有 擦着痕。
凡被勒身死人，须看觑尸身四畔，有扎磨踪迹去处。
又有死后被人用绳索系扎手脚及项下等处，其人已死，气血不行，虽被系缚，其痕不紫
赤，有白痕可验。死后系缚者，无血 ，系缚痕虽深入皮，即无青紫赤色，但只是白痕。
有用火篦烙成痕，但红色或焦赤带湿不干。
自缢、被人勒死或殴打后勒死并伪装成自缢的情况，很容易辨别。真正的自缢者，绳索或丝帛等系缚处会交叉至左右耳后，呈现深紫色。眼睛闭合、嘴唇张开、手握拳、牙齿外露。如果绳结在喉部上方，舌头会抵住牙齿；如果在喉部下方，舌头会伸出较多。胸前有唾液滴沫，臀部后方有粪便排出。如果是被人打勒死后伪装成自缢，则口眼张开、双手散开、头发松散。喉下血脉不通，勒痕浅淡。舌头不伸出，也不抵住牙齿。颈部皮肤上有指爪痕迹，身上另有致命损伤之处。
只有那种活着时被勒但未死，随即被吊起，伪装成自缢的情况，稍微难以辨别。如果迹象可疑，不如按勒杀处理，限期捉拿凶手。
凡是被人隔着物体，如窗棂或树木之类勒死，伪造成自缢的，绳索不会交叉。喉下的勒痕大多平直经过，却极深，呈黑黯色，也不会延伸至耳后发际。
绞勒致死且绳结在喉部下方的死者，绳结位于死人项后。双手不会自然下垂，即使下垂也不笔直。项后结交处，如果有背部倚靠柱子等处，或者抓住衣襟打结，那么喉下会有衣衫领口的黑色痕迹，这是要害处气闷身死。
凡是检验被勒死的尸体，要将项下的勒绳，或者其他各种带子系，临时仔细询问，缠绕过多少圈。大多是在项后正对位置，或偏左、右系定，必须有系不完垂下的部分。其尸体面部朝地卧倒，因为被勒时挣扎求生，必须揉搓导致头发或发髻散乱，或者沿身上有擦蹭的痕迹。
凡是发现被勒死的尸体，必须查看尸体四周，是否有挣扎磨蹭的痕迹。
还有死后被人用绳索系扎手脚及项下等处，其人已经死亡，气血运行停止，虽然被系缚，勒痕不呈紫红色，有白色痕迹可以验证。死后系缚的，没有血液，系缚痕虽然深入皮肤，但没有青紫赤色，只是白色痕迹。
有用火梳烙成的痕迹，但呈红色或焦赤且带有湿气不干。
Hanging by oneself, strangulation by another person, or beating followed by strangulation disguised as hanging are very easy to distinguish. In a true case of hanging, the rope or silk binding crosses behind both ears and appears deep purple. The eyes are closed, lips open, hands clenched, and teeth exposed. If the knot is above the throat, the tongue presses against the teeth; if below the throat, the tongue protrudes significantly. There may be saliva droplets on the chest and feces discharged from the anus. If strangled to death by another and disguised as hanging, the mouth and eyes are open, hands are spread, and hair is loose. Blood vessels below the throat are blocked, and the ligature mark is shallow and pale. The tongue does not protrude nor press against the teeth. There may be fingernail marks on the neck skin, and other fatal injuries elsewhere on the body.
The only slightly difficult case to distinguish is when the victim is strangled while alive but not yet dead, then immediately hung up to feign suicide. If the signs are suspicious, it is best to treat it as homicide and set a deadline to catch the culprit.
If strangled to death by an object such as a window lattice or tree branch, disguised as hanging, the rope will not cross. The ligature mark below the throat often runs horizontally across, is extremely deep, dark black in color, and does not extend to the hairline behind the ears.
In cases of strangulation where the knot is below the throat, the knot is located at the back of the neck. The hands do not hang down naturally; even if they do, they are not straight. At the back of the neck where the knot is tied, if the body leans against a pillar or the shirt collar is grabbed to tie the knot, there will be black marks from the clothing collar on the throat, indicating death due to suffocation at a vital point.
When examining a corpse strangled to death, carefully inquire about the rope or various belts used around the neck, specifically how many times they were wrapped. Usually, the knot is tied directly at the back of the neck, or slightly to the left or right, leaving some loose ends hanging down. The corpse lies face down because it struggled for life during strangulation, causing hair or hairpins to become disheveled, and there may be abrasion marks along the body.
When discovering a corpse strangled to death, one must inspect the surroundings of the body for signs of struggle or rubbing.
There are also cases where the limbs and neck are bound with ropes after death. Since the person is already dead and blood circulation has ceased, although bound, the marks do not appear purple-red; white marks can be verified. In post-mortem binding, without blood flow, even if the binding marks penetrate deeply into the skin, there is no blue, purple, or red discoloration, only white marks.
Marks made by burning with a hot comb appear red or scorched red and remain moist and undried.