凡验尸首异处，勒家属先辨认尸首。务要仔细打量尸首顿处四至。讫，次量首级离尸远
近，或左、或右，或去肩脚若干尺寸。支解手臂、脚腿，各量别计，仍各写相去尸远近。却
随其所解肢体与尸相凑，提捧首与项相凑。围量分寸一般，系刃物斫落。若项下皮肉卷凸，
两肩井耸皮HT ，系生前斫落；皮肉不卷凸，两肩井不耸HT ，系死后斫落。
凡生前被火烧死者，其尸口鼻内有烟灰，两手脚皆拳缩。(缘其人未死前被火逼奔挣，
口开气脉往来，故呼吸烟灰入口鼻内)若死后烧者，其人虽手足拳缩，口内即无烟灰。若不
烧着两肘骨及膝骨，手脚亦不拳缩。
若因老病失火烧死，其尸肉色焦黑或卷，两手拳曲，臂曲在胸前，两膝亦曲。口眼开，
或咬齿及唇，或有脂膏黄色突出皮肉。
若被人勒死抛掉在火内，头发焦黄，头面、浑身烧得焦黑，皮肉搐皱，并无 浆HT
皮去处，项下有被勒着处痕迹。
又若被刀杀死，却作火烧死者，勒仵作拾起白骨，扇去地下灰尘，于尸首下净地上，用
酽米醋酒泼，若是杀死，即有血入地，鲜红色。须先问尸首生前宿卧所在，却恐杀死后移尸
往他处，即难验尸下血色。
大凡人屋，或瓦或茅盖，若被火烧，其死尸在茅瓦之下。或因与人有仇，乘势推入烧死
者，其死尸则在茅瓦之上。兼验头足，亦有向至。
如尸被火化尽，只是灰，无条段骨殖者，勒行人、邻证供状∶缘上件尸首或失火烧毁，
或被人烧毁，即无骸骨存在，委是无凭检验。方与备申。
凡验被火烧死人，先问原申人∶火从何处起?火起时其人在甚处?因甚在彼?被火烧时曾
与不曾救应?仍根究曾与不曾与人作闹?见得端的，方可检验。
或检得头发焦拳，头面连身一概焦黑。宜申说∶今来无凭检验本人沿身上下有无伤损他
故，及定夺年颜形状不得。只检得本人口鼻内有无灰烬，委是火烧身死。如火烧深重，实无可
凡是检验尸首分离的案件，必须责令家属先辨认尸首。务必仔细勘察尸体躺卧处的四周界限。之后，再测量头颅距离尸身远近，是在左侧、右侧，还是距离肩胛骨多少尺寸。对于被肢解的手臂、腿脚，分别测量并记录，同时写明它们距离尸身的远近。然后按照被肢解的部位与尸身拼凑，将头颅与颈部对接。如果围量尺寸吻合，说明是用利器砍断的。如果颈部皮肉卷曲凸起，两肩井穴处皮肤隆起，说明是生前被砍断；如果皮肉不卷曲凸起，两肩井穴处不隆起，说明是死后被砍断。
凡是生前被火烧死的人，其口鼻内有烟灰，两手两脚都呈拳缩状。（因为人在未死前被火逼迫挣扎，张口呼吸，气息往来，所以烟灰吸入入口鼻内）如果是死后被焚烧，其人虽然手脚拳缩，但口内没有烟灰。如果没有烧到两肘骨和膝骨，手脚也不会拳缩。
如果是因年老疾病导致失火而被烧死，其尸体肌肉颜色焦黑或卷曲，两手拳曲，手臂弯曲在胸前，两膝也弯曲。口眼张开，或者咬紧牙齿及嘴唇，或者有黄色脂膏突出于皮肉之外。
如果是被人勒死后抛入火中焚烧，头发焦黄，头面、全身烧得焦黑，皮肉收缩起皱，并没有浆泡破裂的地方，颈部有被勒的痕迹。
又如果是被刀杀死，却伪装成火烧死者，要命令仵作拾起白骨，扇去地下灰尘，在尸首下方的干净地面上，用浓米醋酒泼洒，如果是被杀死，就会有血液渗入地下，呈现鲜红色。必须先询问尸首生前居住睡觉的地方，否则恐怕是杀死后移尸到别处，就难以检验尸下的血色。
大凡人的房屋，无论是瓦顶还是茅草顶，如果被火烧，其死尸如果在茅瓦之下，可能是因为与人有仇，趁势推入烧死的，其死尸则在茅瓦之上。同时检验头足的方向，也有区别。
如果尸首被火烧尽，只剩灰烬，没有条段状的骨骼，要责令行人（路人/见证人）、邻居作证供状：因为上述尸首或因失火烧毁，或被人烧毁，确实没有骸骨存在，实在无法凭据检验。这才予以备案申报。
凡是检验被火烧死的人，先问原申报人：火是从哪里烧起来的？起火时他在什么地方？为什么在那里？被火烧时有没有施救？仍然要追查是否曾与人发生争执打斗？查明真相后，方可检验。
或者检查发现头发焦卷，头面连同身体一概焦黑。应当申报说明：现在无凭据检验本人身上是否有他伤或其他缘故，也无法断定年龄相貌特征。只检查了本人口鼻内是否有灰烬，确实是火烧身死。如果火烧程度深重，确实无可……
In cases where a corpse is found in separated parts, the family members must be ordered to identify the remains first. It is essential to carefully examine the boundaries of the area where the main body was lying. Subsequently, measure the distance between the head and the body, noting whether it is to the left, right, or how many *cun* (units of measurement) away from the shoulder blades. For severed arms and legs, measure each separately and record their respective distances from the main body. Then, reassemble the severed limbs with the body, aligning the head with the neck. If the circumferential measurements match perfectly, it indicates the severance was caused by a sharp weapon. If the skin and flesh at the neck are curled and protruding, and the skin at the *Jianjing* (GB21) points on both shoulders is raised, it indicates the severance occurred while the person was alive; if the skin and flesh are not curled or protruding, and the *Jianjing* points are not raised, it indicates the severance occurred after death.
For those who died from fire burns while alive, there will be soot and ash inside the mouth and nose, and both hands and feet will be clenched into fists. (This is because before death, the victim struggled against the fire, opened their mouth to breathe, inhaling soot and ash.) If burned after death, although the hands and feet may be clenched, there will be no soot or ash in the mouth. If the elbow bones and knee bones were not directly burned, the hands and feet will not be clenched.
If a person died from an accidental fire due to old age or illness, the muscle color of the corpse will be scorched black or curled, with hands clenched and arms bent across the chest, and knees also bent. The mouth and eyes may be open, teeth clenched, or lips bitten, and yellowish adipose tissue may protrude from the skin.
If a person was strangled to death and then thrown into a fire, the hair will be scorched yellow, the face and entire body scorched black, with skin shriveled and wrinkled, but without blister ruptures, and there will be marks of strangulation on the neck.
If a person was killed by a knife but made to look like they died in a fire, order the coroner (*Wuzuo*) to pick up the white bones, fan away the dust from the ground, and sprinkle strong rice vinegar and wine on the clean ground beneath the corpse. If killed, blood will seep into the ground, appearing bright red. One must first inquire about where the deceased lived and slept, lest the body was moved after being killed to another location, making it difficult to verify the bloodstains under the corpse.
In human dwellings, whether tiled or thatched, if burned, the position of the corpse relative to the roof materials differs. If the corpse is found beneath the thatch or tiles, it may indicate the victim was pushed in by someone harboring a grudge to be burned to death; conversely, the corpse would be above the thatch or tiles. Additionally, the orientation of the head and feet provides clues.
If the corpse has been completely incinerated to ash with no segmented bones remaining, order witnesses (passersby) and neighbors to provide statements: since the aforementioned remains were destroyed by accidental fire or arson, leaving no skeletal evidence for verification, this shall be recorded and reported accordingly.
When inspecting a corpse burned by fire, first ask the original reporter: Where did the fire start? Where was the person when the fire broke out? Why were they there? Did anyone attempt to rescue them during the fire? Furthermore, investigate whether there was any prior altercation or conflict with others. Only after clarifying these facts can the inspection proceed.
If examination reveals scorched, curly hair and the face and body entirely charred black, a report should state: Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine if there were injuries or other causes on the body, nor can the age or physical appearance be ascertained. However, the presence of ash in the mouth and nose confirms death by burning. If the burning was severe...