伤寒绪论曰∶初发病时，头项痛，腰脊强，恶寒，足太阳也；
发热面赤、恶风，手太阳也∶目疼、鼻干、不得卧，足阳明也∶蒸热而渴，手阳明也；胸胁满痛、口苦，足少
阳也∶耳聋，及病寒热往来，手少阳也；腹满、自利而吐，足太阴也；口干、津不到咽，手太阴也；脉沉细、
口燥渴，足少阴也；舌干、不得卧，手太阴也；耳聋、囊缩、不知人事，足厥阴也；烦满、厥逆，手厥阴也。
医略曰∶太阳之脉上连风府，循腰脊，故头项痛，腰脊强；阳明之脉，挟鼻络于目，故身热，目疼，鼻干，不
得卧；少阳之脉，循胁，络于耳，故胸胁痛而耳聋；太阴脉布胃中，络于嗌，故腹满而嗌干∶少阴脉贯肾，络
于肺，系舌本，故口燥舌干而渴；厥阴脉循阴器，而络于肝，故烦满而囊缩。凡外感病，无论暴感伏气，或由
外而入内，则由三阳而传入三阴∶或由内而达外，则由三阴而外出三阳。六经各有见证，即各有界限可凭。治
病者指其见证，即可知其病之浅深。问其前见何证，今见何证，即可知病之传变。伤寒如此，温病何独不热。
素问热病论、仲景伤寒论均以此立法，圣人复起，莫此易也。近贤叶氏，始有伤寒分六经，温病分三焦之论，
谓出河间。其实温热病之法，至河间始详；至温病分三焦之论，河间并无此说，其书具在，可复按也。厥后吴
鞠通着温病条辨，遂专主三焦，废六经而不论。殊不知人身经络，有内外浅深之别，而不欲使上下之截然不通
也。其上焦篇提纲云∶凡温病者，始于上焦，在手太阴。试观温邪初发者，其果悉见上焦肺经之见证乎，即或
见上焦之证，其果中下焦能丝毫无病乎？鞠通苟虚心诊视，应亦自知其说之不可通矣。况伤寒温热，为病不同
，而六经之见证则同；用药不同，而六经之立法则同。治温病者，乌可舍六经而不讲者哉。
附录医悟
表证∶
发热、恶寒，身痛，四肢拘急、喘。
太阳经证∶
头痛、项脊强、脉浮、脉伏。
阳明经证∶
目痛、鼻干、唇焦、漱水不欲咽、尺寸俱长。
少阳经证∶
耳聋、胸满、胁痛、目眩、口苦、苔滑、脉弦。
半表里证∶
呕吐、寒热往来、头汗、盗汗。
太阴经证∶
腹微满、脉沉实、自利。
少阴经证∶
口燥咽干而渴、咽痛、下利清水、目不明。
厥阴经证∶
少腹满、囊缩、舌卷、厥逆、消渴。
太阳腑证∶
口渴、溺赤。
阳明腑证∶
潮热、谵语、狂乱、不得眠、自汗、手足汗、便闭。
《伤寒绪论》中说：疾病初发时，如果头痛、项部僵硬、腰脊强直、恶寒，这是足太阳经的证候；发热、面红、恶风，是手太阳经的证候；眼睛疼痛、鼻干、无法安卧，是足阳明经的证候；身体蒸热且口渴，是手阳明经的证候；胸胁胀满疼痛、口苦，是足少阳经的证候；耳聋，以及寒热往来（忽冷忽热），是手少阳经的证候；腹部胀满、自发性腹泻并呕吐，是足太阴经的证候；口干、津液不能到达咽喉，是手太阴经的证候；脉象沉细、口燥渴，是足少阴经的证候；舌干、无法安卧，是手太阴经的证候（注：原文此处“手太阴”疑为笔误，据上下文及症状多指手少阴或厥阴，但依原文翻译）；耳聋、阴囊收缩、神志不清，是足厥阴经的证候；心烦胀满、四肢厥逆，是手厥阴经的证候。
医书《医略》中说：足太阳经脉向上连接风府穴，沿着腰脊行走，所以出现头痛、项部僵硬、腰脊强直的症状；足阳明经脉，挟持鼻子联络于眼睛，所以出现身热、眼睛疼痛、鼻干、无法安卧的症状；足少阳经脉，沿着胁肋行走，联络于耳朵，所以出现胸胁疼痛和耳聋的症状；足太阴经脉分布于胃中，联络于咽喉，所以出现腹部胀满和咽喉干燥的症状；足少阴经脉贯穿肾脏，联络于肺，系连舌根，所以出现口燥、舌干而渴的症状；足厥阴经脉沿着生殖器行走，联络于肝脏，所以出现心烦胀满和阴囊收缩的症状。
大凡外感病，无论是急性感受邪气还是伏邪发作，如果是从外部侵入内部，就会由三阳经传入三阴经；如果是从内部达于外部，就会由三阴经外出至三阳经。六经各有其见证，也就各有其界限可以依据。治病的人指出其见证，就可以知道病的深浅。询问之前出现了什么证候，现在出现了什么证候，就可以知道病的传变情况。伤寒是这样，温病难道就不同吗？《素问·热病论》和张仲景的《伤寒论》都是以此作为立法依据，即使圣人复生，也不会比这更容易的了。近代贤者叶天士，开始提出伤寒分六经、温病分三焦的理论，声称出自刘河间。其实温热病的方法，到刘河间才详尽；至于温病分三焦的理论，刘河间并没有这种说法，他的著作都在，可以查证。此后吴鞠通撰写《温病条辨》，于是专门主张三焦辨证，废弃六经而不加讨论。殊不知人体的经络，有内外浅深的区别，但并不希望上下截然不通。他在上焦篇的提纲中说：“凡是温病，始于上焦，在手太阴肺经。”试看温邪初发的时候，果真都见到上焦肺经的见证吗？即使见到上焦的证候，果真中焦和下焦能丝毫无病吗？吴鞠通如果虚心诊察，应该也会自知他的说法讲不通了。况且伤寒和温热，致病不同，但六经的见证则相同；用药不同，但六经的立法原则则相同。治疗温病的人，怎么能舍弃六经而不研究呢？
附录《医悟》：
表证：
发热、恶寒、身体疼痛、四肢拘挛紧急、气喘。
太阳经证：
头痛、项部和脊背强直、脉浮、脉伏。
阳明经证：
眼睛疼痛、鼻干、嘴唇焦裂、想漱口但不欲吞咽水、寸关尺三部脉皆长。
少阳经证：
耳聋、胸中满闷、胁肋疼痛、目眩、口苦、舌苔滑、脉弦。
半表里证：
呕吐、寒热往来、头部出汗、盗汗。
太阴经证：
腹部轻微胀满、脉沉实、自发性腹泻。
少阴经证：
口燥咽干而渴、咽痛、下利清水、视物不明。
厥阴经证：
小腹胀满、阴囊收缩、舌头卷缩、四肢厥逆、消渴（极度口渴）。
太阳腑证：
口渴、小便赤黄。
阳明腑证：
潮热、说胡话、狂乱、无法入睡、自汗、手足出汗、大便闭塞。
The *Shanghan Xulun* (Introduction to Cold Damage) states: At the onset of the disease, if there is headache, stiffness of the neck and spine, rigidity of the lower back and spine, and aversion to cold, this is a syndrome of the Foot-Taiyang Meridian; fever, redness of the face, and aversion to wind indicate the Hand-Taiyang Meridian; eye pain, dryness of the nose, and inability to lie down indicate the Foot-Yangming Meridian; steaming heat accompanied by thirst indicates the Hand-Yangming Meridian; fullness and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, along with bitter taste in the mouth, indicate the Foot-Shaoyang Meridian; deafness, and alternating chills and fever (Hanre Wanglai), indicate the Hand-Shaoyang Meridian; abdominal fullness, spontaneous diarrhea, and vomiting indicate the Foot-Taiyin Meridian; dry mouth and saliva failing to reach the throat indicate the Hand-Taiyin Meridian; a deep and fine pulse, dry mouth, and thirst indicate the Foot-Shaoyin Meridian; a dry tongue and inability to lie down indicate the Hand-Taiyin Meridian (Note: Textual error suspected in original, likely referring to Hand-Shaoyin or Jueyin based on symptoms); deafness, retraction of the scrotum, and loss of consciousness indicate the Foot-Jueyin Meridian; vexation and fullness, along with cold extremities (Jueni), indicate the Hand-Jueyin Meridian.
The medical text *Yilue* states: The Foot-Taiyang meridian connects upward to the Fengfu acupoint (Fengfu, GV16) and follows the spine; therefore, it presents with headache, neck stiffness, and rigidity of the lower back and spine. The Foot-Yangming meridian flanks the nose and connects to the eyes; therefore, it presents with body heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, and insomnia. The Foot-Shaoyang meridian follows the costal region and connects to the ears; therefore, it presents with chest and hypochondriac pain and deafness. The Foot-Taiyin meridian spreads within the stomach and connects to the pharynx; therefore, it presents with abdominal fullness and pharyngeal dryness. The Foot-Shaoyin meridian penetrates the Kidney, connects to the Lung, and ties to the root of the tongue; therefore, it presents with dry mouth, dry tongue, and thirst. The Foot-Jueyin meridian follows the genital organs and connects to the Liver; therefore, it presents with vexation, fullness, and scrotal retraction.
Generally speaking, regarding exogenous diseases, whether they are acute infections or latent pathogens emerging, if the pathogen enters from the exterior into the interior, it transmits from the Three Yang meridians to the Three Yin meridians; if it emerges from the interior to the exterior, it moves from the Three Yin meridians out to the Three Yang meridians. Each of the Six Meridians has its specific manifestations, and thus has distinct boundaries for reference. By identifying these manifestations, a practitioner can determine the depth of the disease. By asking what symptoms appeared previously and what appear currently, one can understand the transmission of the disease. This applies to Shanghan (Cold Damage); why should Wenbing (Warm Diseases) be any different? Both the *Suwen: Rebing Lun* (Plain Questions: Treatise on Heat Diseases) and Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders) establish their methods upon this principle. Even if sages were to rise again, nothing would be easier than this. Recently, the learned Ye Tianshi proposed that Shanghan is differentiated by the Six Meridians while Wenbing is differentiated by the Triple Burner (Sanjiao), claiming this originated from Liu Wansu. However, while Liu Wansu detailed the methods for warm-heat diseases, he did not propose the differentiation of Wenbing by the Triple Burner; his works exist and can be verified. Later, Wu Jutong wrote the *Wenbing Tiaobian* (Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases) and exclusively advocated the Triple Burner system, discarding the Six Meridians. He failed to realize that the meridians of the human body have distinctions of interior/exterior and superficial/deep, yet they do not allow the upper and lower parts to be completely disconnected. In the outline of his Upper Burner chapter, he states: "All warm diseases begin in the Upper Burner, affecting the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian." Let us observe: when warm pathogens first emerge, do they invariably present only with manifestations of the Upper Burner Lung Meridian? Even if Upper Burner symptoms are present, can it be said that the Middle and Lower Burners are entirely free of disease? If Wu Jutong had examined patients with an open mind, he would have realized the flaw in his own theory. Moreover, although Shanghan and warm-heat diseases differ in etiology, their Six Meridian manifestations are the same; although the medications used differ, the legislative principles of the Six Meridians remain the same. How can practitioners of Wenbing abandon the study of the Six Meridians?
Appendix: *Yiwu*:
Exterior Syndrome:
Fever, aversion to cold, body pain, spasm and tightness of the four limbs, asthma.
Foot-Taiyang Meridian Syndrome:
Headache, stiffness of the neck and spine, floating pulse, hidden pulse.
Foot-Yangming Meridian Syndrome:
Eye pain, nasal dryness, cracked lips, desire to rinse the mouth but no desire to swallow, long pulses at all three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi).
Foot-Shaoyang Meridian Syndrome:
Deafness, chest fullness, hypochondriac pain, dizziness, bitter taste, slippery tongue coating, wiry pulse.
Half-Exterior Half-Interior Syndrome:
Vomiting, alternating chills and fever, sweating on the head, night sweats.
Foot-Taiyin Meridian Syndrome:
Mild abdominal fullness, deep and solid pulse, spontaneous diarrhea.
Foot-Shaoyin Meridian Syndrome:
Dry mouth and throat with thirst, sore throat, watery diarrhea, blurred vision.
Foot-Jueyin Meridian Syndrome:
Fullness of the lower abdomen, scrotal retraction, curled tongue, cold extremities, excessive thirst (Xiaoke).
Foot-Taiyang Fu Organ Syndrome:
Thirst, dark urine.
Foot-Yangming Fu Organ Syndrome:
Tidal fever, delirium, mania, insomnia, spontaneous sweating, sweating of hands and feet, constipation.