景岳曰∶近或有以温病热病谓非真伤寒者，在未达其义耳。又曰∶瘟疫本即伤寒，无非外邪之病，但染时气而病，
无少长率相似者，是即瘟疫之谓。
《内经》以温暑病有类伤寒，故曰伤寒之类。既明言伤寒之类，不竟言伤寒。何不竟言伤寒，而曰病温、病热？景
岳于经义尚未详悉，抑有意欲毁河间，故将经义涂抹耶。又瘟疫乃时行传染不正之气为病，何得云本即伤寒，无非外邪
之病？既云伤寒，乃外之寒邪所袭，而病自表传里。，既云但染时气而病，则非伤寒也，此言殊谬，春温之病，冬令寒
邪，郁伏火气，至春得风寒所触，自内而发外，从春令，故曰温病。瘟疫病，乃感受时行不正之气而病，所以传染少长
相似者，不论四时皆有之。景岳于瘟疫、伤寒、温病、热病，尚未清爽，用药惟投温散发表出汗，治法大谬。
温热，伏气病也，通称伏邪。病之作，往往因新感而发，所谓新邪引动伏邪也。因风邪引动而发者，曰风温（或曰
风火）；因寒邪引动而发者，曰冷温（或曰客寒包火）；因暑邪引动而发者，曰暑温（或曰暑热）；因湿邪引动而发者，
曰湿温，（或曰湿遏热伏）。若兼秽毒者，曰温毒，其症有二，一为风温时毒，一为湿温时毒。此以兼症别其病名也。其
发于春者，曰春温，（或曰春时晚发）；发于夏者，曰夏热，（或曰热病）；发于秋者，曰秋温（或曰秋时晚发，或曰伏暑）；
发于冬者，曰冬温，（或曰伏暑冬发）。此以时令别其病名也。其病萌于春，盛于夏，极于秋，衰于冬。间亦有盛发于春
冬者，然总以盛发于夏秋为多。何则？春冬空气清洁，轻气多而炭气少，故其为病，亦清邪多而浊邪少，除新感症外，
即有因伏邪而病纯热无寒者，但为温病而已；兼寒者，但为冷温而已；兼风者，但为风温而已。虽间有时行温毒，然亦
以风毒居多。夏秋空气最浊，水土郁蒸之气，每被日光吸引而蒸发，发于首夏者，曰霉雨蒸，发于仲夏者，曰桂花蒸。
其为病也，皆水土秽气杂合而成。人但以暑湿赅其病之本，贪凉饮冷赅其病之标，而不知夏秋水土郁蒸，湿中有热，热
中有湿，浊热粘腻，化生霉菌，故谓之湿温。（按此非时令病之湿温，乃湿温时疫也。即西医所谓之伤寒，亦曰肠热症，
又曰肠窒扶斯）亦谓之湿热，西医谓之霉毒瓦斯，害人最广，变症最繁，较之风温、冷温、暑温三症，尤多而难治。英医
合信氏云∶空气干热不伤人，惟湿热最伤人。因低洼地土，或蕴有死水之潜热，或积有腐烂之草木，（此即水土秽气，
化生霉菌之原因），后得六十度热表之日光，接连晒之，其霉毒瓦斯乃勃发，故在东南热地，夏秋之交，其毒尤甚。可见
湿温、湿热，为有形粘腻之邪，西医不为无见。呜呼！人在气交之中，一身生气，终日与秽气相争战，实则与微生物相
争战，不知不觉中，伏许多危险之机，可不惊且惧哉？
张景岳说：近来有人把温病、热病说成不是真正的伤寒，这是因为他们没弄懂其中的道理。他又说：瘟疫本来也就是伤寒，无非是外邪引起的疾病，只是感染了当时的时气而发病，无论老少症状都相似，这就是所谓的瘟疫。
《内经》认为温病、暑病与伤寒有相似之处，所以称其为“伤寒之类”。既然明确说是“伤寒之类”，为什么不直接说是“伤寒”？为什么不直接叫伤寒，而要称为“病温”、“病热”？张景岳对经典经义尚且不够详尽熟悉，或者是有意想要诋毁刘河间，所以才将经义涂抹歪曲吗？另外，瘟疫是由于感染时行传染的不正之气而致病，怎么能说它本来就是伤寒，仅仅是外邪之病呢？既然说是伤寒，那就是被外面的寒邪所侵袭，疾病自然由表传里；既然说是只感染了时气而发病，那就不是伤寒了，这种说法非常荒谬。春温病，是因为冬季的寒邪郁伏在体内化火，到了春天受到风寒触动，从体内发于体表，顺应春季的气候特点，所以称为温病。瘟疫病，则是感受时行不正之气而发病，所以无论老少都会出现相似的症状，不论四季都有发生。张景岳对于瘟疫、伤寒、温病、热病的概念尚且不清晰，用药只投用温散发表出汗的方法，治疗原则大错特错。
温热病，属于伏气病，通称为伏邪。这类疾病发作，往往因为新感邪气引发，所谓的新邪引动伏邪。因风邪引动而发的，叫做风温（或称风火）；因寒邪引动而发的，叫做冷温（或称客寒包火）；因暑邪引动而发的，叫做暑温（或称暑热）；因湿邪引动而发的，叫做湿温（或称湿遏热伏）。如果兼夹秽毒的，叫做温毒，其症状有两种，一种是风温时毒，一种是湿温时毒。这是根据兼夹症状来区分病名。发于春天的，叫做春温（或称春时晚发）；发于夏天的，叫做夏热（或称热病）；发于秋天的，叫做秋温（或称秋时晚发，或称伏暑）；发于冬天的，叫做冬温（或称伏暑冬发）。这是根据时令季节来区分病名。这类疾病萌芽于春季，旺盛于夏季，极盛于秋季，衰退于冬季。偶尔也有在春夏季盛发的，但总体上以在夏秋季盛发为多。为什么呢？因为春夏季空气清洁，轻清之气多而浊重之气少，所以引发的疾病，也是清邪多而浊邪少，除了新感症状外，即使有因伏邪而导致的纯热无寒的病，也只是温病而已；兼夹寒邪的，只是冷温而已；兼夹风邪的，只是风温而已。虽然偶尔也有时行温毒，但也以风毒居多。夏秋季空气最浑浊，水土郁蒸之气，常常被日光吸引而蒸发，发于初夏的，叫做霉雨蒸，发于盛夏的，叫做桂花蒸。这些疾病的发生，都是水土秽气杂合而成的。人们只知道用暑湿概括疾病的本质，用贪凉饮冷概括疾病的表象，却不知道夏秋季水土郁蒸，湿中有热，热中有湿，浊热粘腻，化生霉菌，所以称之为湿温。（按：这里指的不是时令病中的湿温，而是湿温时疫。即西医所说的伤寒，也叫肠热症，又译作肠窒扶斯）也称为湿热，西医称之为霉毒瓦斯，危害最广，变证最多，比风温、冷温、暑温三种病症更加繁多且难治。英国医生合信氏说：空气干热不伤人，只有湿热最伤人。因为低洼的土地，或者蕴藏着死水的潜热，或者堆积着腐烂的草木（这就是水土秽气化生霉菌的原因），后来得到六十度热表的日光接连照射，其霉毒瓦斯便勃然爆发，所以在东南炎热之地，夏秋之交，这种毒性尤为严重。由此可见，湿温、湿热是有形粘腻之邪，西医对此并非没有见解。唉！人处在天地气交之中，一身生机，整天与秽气相争战，实际上是微生物之间的争战，在不知不觉中潜伏着许多危险之机，怎能不感到惊恐和畏惧呢？
Zhang Jingyue stated: Recently, some people have claimed that warm diseases (Wenbing) and heat diseases (Rebing) are not true cold damage diseases (Shanghan), which stems from a lack of understanding of their underlying principles. He further stated: Epidemic febrile diseases (Wenyi) are essentially the same as cold damage diseases (Shanghan); they are merely diseases caused by external pathogens. However, when contracted through the prevailing seasonal qi, the symptoms are similar regardless of age or status; this is what is referred to as epidemic disease.
The *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) notes that warm diseases (Wenbing) and summerheat diseases (Shubing) resemble cold damage diseases (Shanghan), hence the term "category of cold damage" (Shanghan zhi lei). Since it explicitly states "category of cold damage," why does it not simply say "cold damage"? Why call them "diseases of warmth" (Bingwen) and "diseases of heat" (Bingre) instead of directly calling them cold damage? It seems Zhang Jingyue was either insufficiently familiar with the scriptural meanings or intentionally distorted them to disparage Liu Wansu (Hejian). Furthermore, epidemic diseases (Wenyi) arise from contracting the abnormal, contagious qi of the season. How can one claim they are originally cold damage diseases (Shanghan) and merely external pathogen diseases? If it is called cold damage (Shanghan), it implies invasion by external cold evil (Hanxie), with the disease progressing from the exterior to the interior. If it is said to result solely from contracting seasonal qi, then it is not cold damage. This statement is profoundly erroneous. Spring-warmth disease (Chunwen) occurs because winter cold evil (Hanxie) lies dormant within, transforming into fire qi. In spring, triggered by wind-cold, it erupts from the interior to the exterior, aligning with the characteristics of spring, thus termed warm disease (Wenbing). Epidemic disease (Wenyi) arises from contracting the abnormal qi of the season, causing similar symptoms in people of all ages, occurring in any season. Zhang Jingyue’s understanding of epidemic disease (Wenyi), cold damage (Shanghan), warm disease (Wenbing), and heat disease (Rebing) was unclear. His treatment method relied solely on warming, dispersing, releasing the exterior, and inducing sweating, which is a major therapeutic error.
Warm-heat diseases (Wenre) are latent qi diseases (Fuqi bing), commonly known as latent pathogens (Fuxie). Their onset is often triggered by a new contraction, described as "new pathogens activating latent pathogens." When triggered by wind evil (Fengxie), it is called wind-warmth (Fengwen) (or wind-fire); when triggered by cold evil (Hanxie), it is called cold-warmth (Lengwen) (or guest-cold enveloping fire); when triggered by summerheat evil (Shuxie), it is called summerheat-warmth (Shuwen) (or summerheat-heat); when triggered by dampness evil (Shixie), it is called damp-warmth (Shiwen) (or dampness suppressing heat lying dormant). If complicated by turbid toxins (Huidu), it is called warm-toxin (Wendu), presenting as either wind-warmth seasonal toxin (Fengwen shidu) or damp-warmth seasonal toxin (Shiwen shidu). These names distinguish the disease based on complicating symptoms. Diseases manifesting in spring are called spring-warmth (Chunwen) (or late-onset spring); those in summer are called summer-heat (Xiare) (or heat disease); those in autumn are called autumn-warmth (Qiuenwen) (or late-onset autumn, or latent summerheat); those in winter are called winter-warmth (Dongwen) (or latent summerheat manifesting in winter). These names distinguish the disease based on the season. The disease germinates in spring, flourishes in summer, peaks in autumn, and declines in winter. Occasionally, it may flourish in spring and winter, but generally, it flourishes most in summer and autumn. Why? Because the air in spring and winter is clean, with abundant light/clear qi and scarce heavy/turbid qi. Thus, the diseases caused are mostly clear pathogens and few turbid ones. Apart from new contractions, even if there are pure heat diseases without cold due to latent pathogens, they are merely warm diseases (Wenbing); those with cold are merely cold-warmth (Lengwen); those with wind are merely wind-warmth (Fengwen). Although occasional seasonal warm-toxins occur, wind-toxins predominate. The air in summer and autumn is the most turbid. The stagnant qi of water and soil, attracted and evaporated by sunlight, manifests as "moldy rain steaming" (Meiyuzheng) in early summer and "osmanthus steaming" (Guihuazheng) in midsummer. These diseases are formed by a mixture of turbid qi from water and soil. People mistakenly attribute the essence of the disease to summerheat-dampness (Shushi) and the manifestation to craving coolness and drinking cold substances, failing to realize that in summer and autumn, the stagnant qi of water and soil contains heat within dampness and dampness within heat. This turbid, hot, sticky substance generates mold, hence termed damp-warmth (Shiwen). (Note: This refers not to the seasonal damp-warmth, but to damp-warmth epidemic disease. This corresponds to typhoid fever in Western medicine, also known as intestinal heat syndrome or Enteric Fever). It is also called damp-heat (Shire), which Western medicine calls mold-toxic gas (Meidu wasi). It causes the widest harm and presents the most complex variations, being more numerous and difficult to treat than wind-warmth, cold-warmth, and summerheat-warmth. The British physician Hobson stated: Dry-hot air does not harm people; only damp-heat is harmful. This is because low-lying land may harbor latent heat from stagnant water or accumulated rotting vegetation (the cause of water-soil turbid qi generating mold). After consecutive exposure to sunlight at sixty degrees, the mold-toxic gas erupts violently. Therefore, in the hot regions of the southeast, during the transition between summer and autumn, this toxicity is particularly severe. This demonstrates that damp-warmth and damp-heat are tangible, sticky pathogens, and Western medicine has valid insights into this. Alas! Humans exist within the intersection of heaven and earth qi. Our vital energy constantly battles against turbid qi throughout the day, effectively engaging in a struggle against microorganisms. Unknowingly, we harbor many dangerous potentials. Should we not be alarmed and fearful?