典藏书目

(Continuing from the previous text) If body fluids remain stagnant for a long time and combine with pathogenic factors, they form "Changliu" (Intestinal Slough); if the course is prolonged, it takes several years to develop, and palpation feels soft; if a knot has already formed, Qi converges there, body fluids remain, and pathogenic factors invade and occupy it, causing condensation that worsens daily. Pathogens rapidly gather to form "Xiliu" (Ancient Tumor), which feels hard upon palpation; if the knot is deep within the bone, Qi adheres to the bone, and the bone combines with the pathogen, enlarging daily, forming "Guju" (Bone Abscess/Gangrene); if the knot is in the flesh, Zongqi (Pectoral Qi) converges there, the pathogen remains without departing, heat transforms it into pus, and absence of heat forms "Rouju" (Flesh Abscess/Gangrene). Regarding these various pathogens, their onset has no fixed location, but their disease names are consistent.

This passage discusses how Yin and Yang, Qi, and Blood in the human body are invaded by treacherous winds. Over time, the invasion becomes deep, and cold and heat bind together. In the Yin aspect, cold prevails; in the Yang aspect, heat prevails. When cold prevails, it causes bone pain and muscle wasting; when heat prevails, it causes tissue rotting and pus formation, damaging bones internally as if eaten by worms. The earlier text mentioned pathogens clashing with tendons causing spasms and inability to flex or extend; when pathogens reside between them, "Jinliu" (Tendon Slough) develops, similar to tumors. Internal binding of pathogens, stagnation of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), failure of fluid distribution, and combination with pathogens form "Changliu" (Intestinal Slough), taking years to mature. Initially soft to touch, once knotted, Qi gathers daily, fluids remain, pathogens invade, leading to progressive condensation into "Xiliu" (Ancient Tumor), implying gradual accumulation over years, becoming hard upon palpation. If pathogens deeply enter bones, Qi follows the bones, binding with pathogens and enlarging daily, forming "Guju" (Bone Abscess/Gangrene).

Zongqi (Pectoral Qi) originally warms the fenrou (muscle intervals). When pathogens invade the flesh, Zongqi converges to resist. If pathogens remain, heat transforms flesh into pus; absence of heat forms "Rouju" (Flesh Abscess/Gangrene). Thus, heat indicates "Yong" (Carbuncle/Abscess - Yang syndrome), while absence of heat indicates "Ju" (Deep-seated Abscess/Gangrene - Yin syndrome). For diseases caused by these pathogens, there is no fixed site of onset, but once established, there are fixed names. Therefore, one can distinguish Yin/Yang, Exterior/Interior, Cold/Heat based on the name to guide treatment.

In *Ling Shu: Lun Yong* (Discussion on Courage), the Emperor asked: "Here is a person walking and standing with others, of equal age, wearing clothes of equal thickness. Suddenly encountering fierce wind and heavy rain, some get sick, some do not; all get sick, or none get sick. What is the reason?" Shaoyu replied: "Spring's green wind, summer's yang wind, autumn's cool wind, and winter's cold wind—these four seasonal winds cause different pathological manifestations. Those with yellow complexion, thin skin, and weak flesh cannot withstand spring's deficient wind; those with white complexion, thin skin, and weak flesh cannot withstand summer's deficient wind; those with green complexion, thin skin, and weak flesh cannot withstand autumn's deficient wind; those with red complexion, thin skin, and weak flesh cannot withstand winter's deficient wind." The Emperor asked: "Do black-complexioned people not get sick?" Shaoyu said: "Those with black complexion, thick skin, and firm flesh are not injured by the four seasons' deficient winds. Those with thin skin, unfirm flesh, and uneven color will get sick if exposed to deficient wind during late summer; those with thick skin and firm flesh will not get sick even if exposed to deficient wind during late summer. Only if those with thick skin and firm flesh suffer repeated cold exposure, affecting both exterior and interior, will they become ill."

This passage explains that the winds of the four seasons originate from the Five Elements (Wu Xing) Qi. Humans are born endowing Yin-Yang and Five Elements, resulting in varying constitutional strengths. Since Five Elements have generating and overcoming relationships, constitutions have superiority and inferiority. Yellow corresponds to Earth, which fears Wood, hence unable to withstand spring's deficient wind; White corresponds to Metal, which fears Fire, hence unable to withstand summer's deficient wind; Green corresponds to Wood, which fears Metal, hence unable to withstand autumn's deficient wind; Red corresponds to Fire, which fears Water, hence unable to withstand winter's deficient wind. These refer to deficient winds, i.e., treacherous pathogens. Only Black corresponds to Water, which fears Earth. During late summer (the sixth month), Earth is prosperous and commands. If deficient wind occurs, only those with thin skin, weak flesh, and variable (not consistently black) color will be affected. Those with black color, thick skin, and firm flesh have sufficient Yin and Yang, so late summer deficient winds cannot harm them, regardless of the season. Illness occurs only upon repeated cold injury, affecting both interior and exterior, known as "Lianggan" (Double Invasion). Thus, for yellow, white, green, and red complexions, thin skin and weak flesh make one susceptible to seasonal winds; however, if skin is thick and flesh firm, illness is not inevitable. This logic applies generally.

In *Ling Shu: Zei Feng* (Treacherous Wind), the Emperor asked: "You say treacherous wind and pathogens injure humans and cause disease. Now, someone who never leaves shelter or exits their room suddenly falls ill. This is not due to contact with treacherous wind or pathogens. What is the reason?" Qibo replied: "This is because they were previously injured by dampness, which hid in the blood vessels and between muscle layers, remaining for a long time without dispersing; or they had a fall, leaving bad blood inside that did not disperse; or sudden emotional excesses, improper diet, or mismatched cold/warmth caused the couli (pores/skin texture) to close and block. When the couli open and encounter wind-cold, Qi and blood condense, combining with old pathogens to form Hanbi (Cold Bi Syndrome); if there is heat, sweating occurs, and sweat makes one susceptible to wind. Even without encountering treacherous wind, illness must arise from the addition of new pathogens to old ones."

This passage discusses sudden illness without exposure to deficient or treacherous winds. It is because dampness was previously injured and hidden in blood vessels and muscle layers, lingering unnoticed. Or, retained bad blood from trauma remains. Or, sudden emotional imbalance, poor diet, or temperature dysregulation blocks the couli. Upon opening and encountering wind-cold, Qi and blood condense, and new and old pathogens attack each other, forming Bi Syndrome. Or, heat-induced sweating leads to wind susceptibility. Even without treacherous wind, illness arises from the aggravation of old pathogens. Earlier, it was stated that normal winds are gentle and cannot overcome true Qi, thus dissipating without causing disease. Here, pre-existing pathogens combine with external wind, worsening the condition. Disease does not require treacherous winds specifically. In my observation, such cases are common, while injuries from deficient/treacherous winds are rare.

The Emperor asked: "What you described involves causes known to patients. For those who encountered no pathogens and had no fright or anxiety, yet suddenly fell ill, what is the reason? Is it due to ghosts and spirits?" Qibo replied: "This is also due to old pathogens remaining latent. Triggered by aversion or longing, internal Qi and blood become chaotic, and two types of Qi clash. The origin is subtle, invisible and inaudible, thus seeming like ghost possession." The Emperor asked: "Why are some cured by Zhu You (incantation therapy)?" Qibo said: "Ancient shamans knew the mutual overcoming of diseases. Knowing the origin of the disease, they could cure it via Zhu You."

This passage discusses sudden illness without obvious exterior or interior causes, presenting with mental confusion and erratic speech, resembling ghost possession. This is due to latent old pathogens. Emotional triggers (aversion/longing) cause Qi and blood chaos, where emotional Qi clashes with old pathogens. The origin is subtle, imperceptible, appearing sudden and supernatural. For those cured by incantation, ancient shamans understood the principle of mutual overcoming of diseases (e.g., fear overcoming joy, anger overcoming worry). By diagnosing the root and applying corresponding emotional countermeasures through incantation, emotions are balanced, Qi and blood harmonize, and the disease resolves spontaneously.

In the past, a woman engaged but unmarried fell ill from worry after her husband left for years without news. Zhu Danxi treated her using provocation of anger. She cried loudly and vomited phlegm-saliva. Feeling ashamed that her husband might return soon, she recovered after regulation, and indeed, her husband returned shortly after. This shows that emotional diseases develop gradually. Sudden onset implies triggering of old pathogens. True "ghost possession" occurs only when internal Qi is first deficient, allowing pathogens to enter vacuously. Generally, humans and ghosts belong to different Yin-Yang categories. Ghosts harassing humans occur due to human Yang deficiency or moral corruption.