苦、辛，微寒，微火略焙，紫石英为使，恶理石、畏杏仁、李核，反乌头。花名箬兰，
贵重可喜，今之紫兰是也，亦有花白者，或以独头兰为白芨，误矣！
甘、微苦，温，色黄黑，状略似白芨，长者如干老地黄，有节，味颇似人参，试法以
掺猪血中，血化为水者乃真。
按李频湖曰∶近传一种草，春生苗，夏高二三尺，叶似菊艾而劲浓有岐尖，茎有赤棱，
夏秋
血病甚效，云是三七
人间遍有之，其南中来者不备着苗
苦，寒，去芦及须，治本脏之火生用，治肝胆之实火，以猪胆汁浸炒，治肝胆之虚火
醋浸炒，治上焦
之火以茱萸汤浸
辛热能制其苦寒，咸寒
白藓皮、芫花、白僵蚕，畏款
苦，大寒，外黄心黑，干如杨柳枯枝。折之尘出者乃为真也，恶菊花、玄参、白藓
解巴豆毒，忌猪肉，令人漏精。当药草人或用充胡黄连非是。
苦，寒，破烂者名宿芩，乃旧根，多中空外黄内黑，即今所谓片芩也，圆者名子芩，
新根，多内实坚即
龙骨为使，恶葱
用者宜辨认。
苦，平，以左文者为良，破开除土、去芦，以湿布拭净，日干，用菖蒲为使，畏牛乳
人或取猫草根当秦艽，非是。
苦，平，微寒，去芦及须，以水洗净，锉用，勿令犯火，欲上升用根酒浸，欲下降用
半夏为使，恶皂荚，蜀葵。畏藜芦、女菀。
本草云∶苗有如韭叶者、竹叶者，以竹叶者为胜，即今之镰仓柴胡，乃此种也，但初生
苗
如韭
根也，亦名沙柴胡
而大，皮皱色黄白，肉有黄纹。李东璧所谓市人以伪充银柴胡，殊无气味者也，又按李念莪
云治劳与疳证，乃银州柴胡，别为一种。郭章宜云∶产银夏者独胜，微白而软者为银柴胡，
用以治劳弱骨蒸，其说不同，当更考之。
【白芨】味苦、辛，性微寒。用微火略加烘焙，以紫石英为引药。忌与理石同用，畏杏仁和李核，与乌头相反。其花名为箬兰，珍贵可爱，就是现在的紫兰，也有开白花的情况。有人将独头兰当作白芨，这是错误的！
【地黄】味甘、微苦，性温。颜色黄黑，形状略微像白芨，长的像干的老地黄，有节，味道很像人参。鉴别真伪的方法是将其掺入猪血中，若能使血液化为水状，才是真品。
按李频湖记载：近来流传一种草药，春天生苗，夏天长高二三尺，叶子像菊艾但强劲浓密且有尖刺，茎有赤色棱角，夏秋季节治疗血病非常有效，说是三七。这种草人间到处都有，其中从南方来的往往不附带苗叶。
【黄连】味苦，性寒。去掉芦头和须根，生用可治本脏之火；治肝胆实火，用猪胆汁浸炒；治肝胆虚火，用醋浸炒；治上焦之火，用吴茱萸汤浸炒。因为辛热能制约其苦寒之性，咸寒能……（原文此处似有缺漏或排版错误，依文意推测为配伍禁忌或炮制原理）。忌与白藓皮、芫花、白僵蚕同用，畏款冬花。
【胡黄连】味苦，性大寒。外表黄内心黑，干燥如杨柳枯枝。折断时有粉尘飞出者才是真品。忌与菊花、玄参、白藓皮同用。能解巴豆毒，忌食猪肉，否则会导致遗精。有些医生或用其冒充胡黄连，这是不对的。（注：此处原文逻辑混乱，“当药草人或用充胡黄连非是”可能指当药被误充胡黄连，或胡黄连被误作他药，结合上下文“外黄心黑...恶菊花...”通常描述胡黄连特征，但前文已有黄连，此处疑为胡黄连条目，但原文表述有误，暂按字面翻译）。
【黄芩】味苦，性寒。破烂者为宿芩，即旧根，多中空，外黄内黑，就是现在所谓的片芩。圆整者为子芩，即新根，多内部坚实坚硬。以龙骨为引药，忌与葱同用。使用者应当仔细辨认。
【秦艽】味苦，性平。以左侧纹理者为佳。使用时需破除并去除泥土、芦头，用湿布擦拭干净，晒干。以菖蒲为引药，畏牛乳。有人取猫草根当作秦艽，这是不对的。
【柴胡】味苦，性平，微寒。去掉芦头和须根，用水洗净，锉碎使用，不要让接触火。欲使其药力上升，用酒浸根部；欲使其药力下降，以半夏为引药，忌与皂荚、蜀葵同用。畏藜芦、女菀。《本草》记载：其苗有像韭菜叶的、像竹叶的，以竹叶形者为优，就是现在的镰仓柴胡，属于这一种，但初生的苗……（原文此处断句不清，意指苗如韭叶，根如……）。根也，又名沙柴胡，体型较大，皮皱色黄白，肉质有黄纹。李东璧所说市面上有人以伪充银柴胡，完全没有气味的那种，另据李念莪记载，用于治疗劳损和疳证的是银州柴胡，是另一种。郭章宜说：产自银夏地区的独胜，微白而软的是银柴胡，用来治疗劳弱骨蒸。说法不同，应当进一步考证。
[White Rhizoma Bletillae (Baiji)] Bitter, acrid, slightly cold. Lightly roasted over a mild fire, with Fluorite (Zi Shiyao) as an adjuvant. Adverse interaction with Alumen (Lishi), fear of Apricot Kernel (Xingren) and Plum Pit (Lihe), incompatibility with Aconitum Root (Wutou). The flower is called Ruolan, precious and delightful, which is the current Purple Orchid; some have white flowers. Mistaking Monocotyledonous Bulb (Dutoulán) for White Rhizoma Bletillae is an error!
[Prepared Rehmanniae Radix (Shu Dihuang)] Sweet, slightly bitter, warm. Yellowish-black in color, shape somewhat resembling White Rhizoma Bletillae, long ones like dried old Rehmannia root, with nodes, taste similar to Ginseng. Test method: mix into pig blood; if the blood turns into water, it is genuine.
According to Li Pinhu: Recently circulated is a herb that sprouts in spring, grows two or three feet high in summer, leaves resemble Chrysanthemum Mugwort but are tough, thick, and pointed, stem has red ridges. Very effective for blood disorders in summer and autumn, claimed to be Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi). This herb is common everywhere; those from the south often lack visible seedlings.
[Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian)] Bitter, cold. Remove rhizome base and roots. Raw use treats fire of the primary organ; for excess fire of Liver and Gallbladder, stir-fry after soaking in Porcine Bile; for deficiency fire of Liver and Gallbladder, stir-fry after soaking in Vinegar; for fire of Upper Jiao, soak in Evodia Decoction. Acrid-hot properties can counteract its bitter-cold nature, salty-cold [text incomplete]. Adverse interactions with Dictamni Cortex (Baixianpi), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua), and Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan); fear of Dendrobii Caulis (Kuantonghua - *Note: likely typo in original for Kuantong/Dendrobium or similar*).
[Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex? Or Phlomidos Umbrosa? Text describes Hu Huang Lian characteristics] Bitter, very cold. Exterior yellow, interior black, dry like willow branches. Genuine product produces dust when broken. Adverse interactions with Chrysanthemum Morifolium Flos (Juhua), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen), and Dictamni Cortex (Baixianpi). Resolves Radix Codonopsis? No, resolves Crotonis Fructus (Badou) toxicity. Avoid pork, causes seminal emission. Some use Dangyao grass to impersonate Phellodendri Rhizoma (Huhuanglian), which is incorrect.
[Coptidis Rhizoma? Or Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin)? Text describes Huangqin] Bitter, cold. Broken ones are Su Qin (old root), mostly hollow, exterior yellow, interior black, i.e., Pian Qin. Round ones are Zi Qin (new root), mostly solid and hard internally. Use Ochrae Fibra (Longgu) as adjuvant. Adverse interaction with Allii Tuberosi Semen? No, Cong Bai (Scallion). Users should distinguish carefully.
[Gardenia Jasminoides? No, Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao)] Bitter, neutral. Those with left-side texture are superior. Break open, remove soil and rhizome base, wipe clean with wet cloth, dry in sun. Use Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Changpu) as adjuvant. Fear of Bovis Lac (Niu Nai). Some take Cat's Root as Qinjiao, which is incorrect.
[Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu)] Bitter, neutral, slightly cold. Remove rhizome base and roots, wash with water, slice, do not expose to fire. For ascending action, soak root in wine; for descending action, use Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) as adjuvant. Adverse interactions with Gleditsiae Spina (Zaojia) and Malva Verticillata Flos (Shukui). Fear of Veratrum Nigrum (Lilu) and Polygala Tatarinowii Radix (Nuwan). Materia Medica states: seedlings resemble Leek leaves or Bamboo leaves; Bamboo-leaf type is superior, known as Kang Cang Chaihu. Initial seedlings resemble Leek. Roots are also called Sha Chaihu, larger, wrinkled skin, yellow-white color, flesh with yellow veins. Li Dongbi mentions market fakes passed off as Silver Chaihu lacking odor. Li Nian'e states Yin Zhou Chaihu treats consumption and infantile malnutrition, a distinct variety. Guo Zhangyi says: Product from Yin Xia region is best, slightly white and soft is Yin Chaihu, used for consumption bone-steaming fever. Opinions differ, requires further verification.