三因云夫癫痫病皆由惊动使脏气不平郁而生涎闭塞诸经厥而乃成或在母胎中受惊或幼小
感风
寒暑湿或饮食不节逆于脏气而成盖忤气得之外惊恐得之内饮食属不内外三因不同忤气则一
按此所论三因固皆切当但胎内受惊与饮食作痫者多而外感者间而有之
千金方云小儿之痫有三风痫惊痫食痫也风痫缘衣暖汗出风因入也初时先屈指如数乃作惊
痫起
于惊怖大啼乃作食痫其先不哺乳吐而变热后发然风痫惊痫时时有之十儿之中未有一二凡是先
寒后热热者皆食痫也惊痫皆按图灸之风痫当与猪心汤食痫当下乃愈紫霜丸佳
按此论三痫盖有三因之分风痫属外因惊痫属内因食痫属不内外因也
三因云古方有三痫五脏痫六畜痫等名证不同难于备载别录有五痫之证一曰马痫作马嘶鸣
以马
属在午手少阴君火主之故其病生于心二曰羊痫作羊叫声以羊属未足太阴湿土主之应乎脾三曰
鸡痫作鸡叫声以鸡属酉足阳明燥金主之应乎胃四曰猪痫作猪叫声以猪属亥手厥阴心包主之应
乎右肾五曰牛痫作牛吼声以牛属丑手太阴湿土主之应乎肺此五痫应乎五畜五畜应乎五脏者也
发则旋晕颠倒口眼相引目睛上摇手足搐搦背脊强直食顷乃苏各随所感施以治法
钱氏云凡治五痫皆随脏治之每脏各有一兽犬痫反折上窜犬叫肝也羊痫目瞪吐舌羊叫心也
牛痫
目直视腹满牛叫脾也鸡痫惊跳反折手纵鸡叫肺也猪痫如尸吐沫猪叫肾也五痫重者死病后甚者
亦死轻者五色丸主之
按千金方叙六畜痫曰马曰牛曰羊曰猪曰犬曰鸡并不以六畜分属五脏今三因所引五痫无
犬痫一
证钱氏叙五痫一证无马痫一证二书以五兽分发五脏各各不同俱不知所由然也三因虽有马无犬
痫及五脏有胃无肾之说亦难据凭无所载焉
三因方中提到，癫痫病的产生都是由惊扰导致脏腑之气失衡，气机郁结而生出痰涎，闭塞诸条经络，进而发生厥逆才形成的。这种病或因在母胎中受到惊吓所致，或因年幼时感受风、寒、暑、湿等外邪，或因饮食不节制，逆乱脏腑之气而形成。大致上，忤气（指突然遭受的冲撞或惊吓）属于外因，惊恐属于内因，饮食不当属于不内外因。虽然三因不同，但致病机理是一致的。对此论述，我认为确实切中要害，但临床上胎内受惊和饮食失调导致的痫证较多，而由外感引起的则间或有之。
《千金方》中说，小儿的痫证有三种：风痫、惊痫、食痫。风痫是因为穿衣过暖出汗后，风邪乘虚而入所致。发作之初，手指先弯曲像是在数东西，然后才发病。惊痫是由于受到惊吓恐惧，大声啼哭后引发。食痫则是起初拒绝吃奶，呕吐后身体发热，随后发病。凡是先感到寒冷再发热的，都是食痫。惊痫则按照图谱进行艾灸治疗。风痫应当给予猪心汤治疗，食痫应当使用下法通便才能痊愈，紫霜丸效果较好。对此论述，关于三种痫证的分类，大概也是基于三因的区分：风痫属于外因，惊痫属于内因，食痫属于不内外因。
三因方中提到，古方中有三痫、五脏痫、六畜痫等名称，证候表现不同，难以全部记载。另外记录了五痫的证候：第一种叫马痫，发作时发出马嘶鸣的声音。因为马对应地支中的午，手少阴君火主事，所以此病生于心脏。第二种叫羊痫，发作时发出羊叫声。因为羊对应未，足太阴湿土主事，应合于脾脏。第三种叫鸡痫，发作时发出鸡叫声。因为鸡对应酉，足阳明燥金主事，应合于胃腑。第四种叫猪痫，发作时发出猪叫声。因为猪对应亥，手厥阴心包主事，应合于右肾。第五种叫牛痫，发作时发出牛吼声。因为牛对应丑，手太阴湿土主事（注：原文此处可能有误，通常牛属丑为湿土，但对应肺多为太阴，需结合上下文理解，此处依原文直译），应合于肺脏。这五痫对应五种牲畜，五种牲畜又对应五脏。发作时，患者会头晕目眩、跌倒在地，口眼相互牵引，眼球上翻摇动，手足抽搐，背部僵硬挺直，大约一顿饭的时间后才苏醒。应根据各自所感的病因施以治疗方法。
钱乙（钱氏）说，大凡治疗五痫，都要根据所属脏腑进行治疗。每一脏各对应一种动物：犬痫表现为身体反折、向上窜动、发出犬叫，归属于肝脏；羊痫表现为眼睛瞪视、吐出舌头、发出羊叫，归属于心脏；牛痫表现为眼睛直视、腹部胀满、发出牛叫，归属于脾脏；鸡痫表现为惊恐跳跃、身体反折、手部松弛、发出鸡叫，归属于肺脏；猪痫表现为像尸体一样僵卧、吐沫、发出猪叫，归属于肾脏。五痫重症者会死亡，病后复发严重者也会死亡。轻症者用五色丸主治。
按语：《千金方》叙述六畜痫时说：马、牛、羊、猪、犬、鸡，并没有将六种牲畜分别归属于五脏。如今《三因方》引用的五痫中没有犬痫这一证候，而钱氏叙述的五痫中没有马痫这一证候。这两本书将五种野兽分别配属五脏，各不相同，都不清楚其中的缘由。《三因方》虽然有马痫而无犬痫，且认为五脏中有胃而无肾的说法，也难以作为依据，因为没有相关记载佐证。
San Yin Fang states that epilepsy is caused by sudden fright, which disrupts the Qi of the Zang organs, leading to stagnation and the generation of phlegm. This phlegm blocks the meridians, causing Jue (reversal) syndrome, thereby forming the disease. It may originate from fright received in the womb, or from contracting wind, cold, summer-heat, or dampness during childhood, or from irregular diet disrupting the Qi of the Zang organs. Generally, Wu Qi (sudden shock/impact) belongs to external causes, Jing Kong (fear/fright) belongs to internal causes, and dietary irregularities belong to neither internal nor external causes. Although the three causes differ, the pathological mechanism is consistent. Regarding this discussion, it is indeed accurate; however, clinically, epilepsy caused by intrauterine fright and dietary dysfunction is more common, while that caused by external pathogens occurs occasionally.
Qian Jin Fang states that there are three types of pediatric epilepsy: Feng Xian (Wind Epilepsy), Jing Xian (Fright Epilepsy), and Shi Xian (Food Epilepsy). Feng Xian arises when clothing is too warm, causing sweating, and wind pathogen enters. Initially, the fingers curl as if counting, followed by the onset of the seizure. Jing Xian originates from fright and terror, triggered by loud crying. Shi Xian begins with refusal to nurse, vomiting, subsequent fever, and then the onset of the seizure. Cases presenting with chills followed by fever are all Shi Xian. Jing Xian should be treated with moxibustion according to diagrams. Feng Xian should be treated with Zhu Xin Tang (Pig Heart Decoction), and Shi Xian should be treated with purgation to resolve; Zi Shuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill) is effective. This discussion on the three types of epilepsy seems to align with the classification of the Three Causes: Feng Xian belongs to external causes, Jing Xian to internal causes, and Shi Xian to neither internal nor external causes.
San Yin Fang mentions that ancient formulas include names such as San Xian (Three Epilepsies), Wu Zang Xian (Five Zang Epilepsies), and Liu Chu Xian (Six Livestock Epilepsies), with different manifestations that are difficult to record comprehensively. Additionally, Wu Xian (Five Epilepsies) are recorded: The first is Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy), characterized by horse-like neighing. Since the Horse corresponds to Wu (noon) and is governed by Shao Yin Jun Huo (Ministerial Fire of the Hand Shaoyin Meridian), this disease arises from the Heart. The second is Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy), characterized by bleating. Since the Sheep corresponds to Wei and is governed by Tai Yin Shi Tu (Damp Earth of the Foot Taiyin Meridian), it corresponds to the Spleen. The third is Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy), characterized by crowing. Since the Chicken corresponds to You and is governed by Yang Ming Zao Jin (Dry Metal of the Foot Yangming Meridian), it corresponds to the Stomach. The fourth is Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy), characterized by grunting. Since the Pig corresponds to Hai and is governed by Jue Yin Xin Bao (Pericardium of the Hand Jueyin Meridian), it corresponds to the Right Kidney. The fifth is Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy), characterized by bellowing. Since the Ox corresponds to Chou and is governed by Tai Yin Shi Tu (Damp Earth of the Hand Taiyin Meridian - *note: text says Hand Taiyin*, it corresponds to the Lung. These Five Epilepsies correspond to the Five Livestock, which in turn correspond to the Five Zang organs. During an attack, the patient experiences dizziness, falls, has pulling sensations in the mouth and eyes, upward rolling of the eyeballs, convulsions of the limbs, and rigidity of the back. After about the time it takes to eat a meal, they recover. Treatment should be administered according to the specific cause.
Qian Yi (Qian Shi) stated that treating the Five Epilepsies requires addressing the corresponding Zang organ. Each Zang corresponds to one animal: Quan Xian (Dog Epilepsy) presents with opisthotonos, upward staring, and barking, belonging to the Liver; Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy) presents with staring eyes, protruding tongue, and bleating, belonging to the Heart; Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy) presents with fixed gaze, abdominal distension, and bellowing, belonging to the Spleen; Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy) presents with startle jumping, opisthotonos, relaxed hands, and crowing, belonging to the Lung; Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy) presents as corpse-like stiffness, foaming at the mouth, and grunting, belonging to the Kidney. Severe cases of the Five Epilepsies result in death, as do those with severe relapses. Mild cases are primarily treated with Wu Se Wan (Five Color Pill).
Commentary: Qian Jin Fang lists six livestock epilepsies: Horse, Ox, Sheep, Pig, Dog, and Chicken, without assigning them to the Five Zang organs. However, the Wu Xian cited in San Yin Fang lacks Quan Xian (Dog Epilepsy), while Qian Shi's Wu Xian lacks Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy). The two books assign five animals to the five Zang organs differently, and the rationale is unclear. San Yin Fang includes Ma Xian but excludes Quan Xian, and claims the Five Zang include the Stomach but exclude the Kidney; these assertions are difficult to substantiate due to lack of supporting records.