头角痛，须用川芎，血枯亦用。巅顶痛，须用 本。偏身肢节痛，须用羌活，风湿亦用。
腹中痛，须用白芍、浓朴。脐下痛，须用黄柏、青皮。心下痛，须用吴茱萸。胃脘痛，须
用草豆蔻。胁下痛，须用柴胡，日晡潮热寒热往来亦用。茎中痛，须用生甘草梢。气刺痛，
须用枳壳，血刺痛，需用当归。心下痞，需用枳实。胸中寒痞，须用去白陈皮。腹中窄，须
用苍术。破血须用桃仁。活血须用当归，补血须用川芎。调血须用玄胡索，补元气须用人参。
调诸气须用木香。破滞气须用枳壳、青皮。肌表热须用黄芩，去痰亦用。
去痰用半夏。去风痰须用南星。诸虚热须用黄 ，盗汗亦用。脾胃受湿用白术，去痰亦
用。下焦湿肿用汉防己，草龙胆。中焦湿热用黄连，下焦湿热用黄芩。烦渴须用白茯苓、葛
根。嗽者用五味子，咳有声无痰者，用生姜、杏仁、防风。咳有声有痰者，用半夏、枳壳、
防风。喘者须用阿胶、天门冬、麦门冬。诸泄泻须用白芍、白术。诸水泻用白术、茯苓、泽
泻。诸痢疾须用当归、白芍药。
上部见血用防风，中部见血用黄连，下部见血用地榆。眼暴发，须用当归、黄连、防风。
眼久昏暗用熟地黄、当归、细辛。解利伤风，须用防风为君，白术、甘草为佐。解利伤寒，
甘草为君，防风、白术为佐。凡诸风须用防风、天麻。诸疮疡须用黄柏、知母为君，茯苓、
泽泻为佐。疟疾须用柴胡为君，随所发之时，所属经部分以引经药导之。
以上诸药，此大略言之，以为处方之阶。欲究其精，于第二卷主治指掌中求之。
头部两侧及前额疼痛，必须使用川芎；血虚枯竭引起的头痛也使用川芎。头顶疼痛，必须使用藁本。身体一侧及四肢关节疼痛，必须使用羌活；风湿痹痛也使用羌活。
腹部疼痛，必须使用白芍、厚朴。脐下疼痛，必须使用黄柏、青皮。心窝部疼痛，必须使用吴茱萸。胃脘疼痛，必须使用草豆蔻。胁肋下部疼痛，必须使用柴胡；日晡时（下午3-5点）定时发热或寒热往来也使用柴胡。尿道疼痛，必须使用生甘草梢。气滞刺痛，必须使用枳壳；血瘀刺痛，必须使用当归。心下痞满，必须使用枳实。胸中寒邪导致的痞满，必须使用去白皮的陈皮。腹部感觉狭窄不适，必须使用苍术。破血逐瘀必须使用桃仁。活血养血必须使用当归，补血必须使用川芎。调理血液必须使用玄胡索，补益元气必须使用人参。调理各种气机必须使用木香。破除气机阻滞必须使用枳壳、青皮。肌表发热必须使用黄芩；去除痰浊也使用黄芩。
去除痰浊使用半夏。去除风痰必须使用天南星。各种虚热必须使用黄芩；盗汗也使用黄芩。脾胃受湿邪困扰使用白术；去除痰浊也使用白术。下焦湿肿使用汉防己、龙胆草。中焦湿热使用黄连，下焦湿热使用黄芩。烦躁口渴必须使用白茯苓、葛根。咳嗽者使用五味子，咳嗽有声但无痰者，使用生姜、杏仁、防风。咳嗽有声且有痰者，使用半夏、枳壳、防风。气喘者必须使用阿胶、天门冬、麦门冬。各种泄泻必须使用白芍、白术。各种水样腹泻使用白术、茯苓、泽泻。各种痢疾必须使用当归、白芍药。
上部出血使用防风，中部出血使用黄连，下部出血使用地榆。眼睛突发红肿疼痛，必须使用当归、黄连、防风。眼睛长期昏暗不明，使用熟地黄、当归、细辛。解除并治疗伤风感冒，必须以防风为君药，白术、甘草为佐药。解除并治疗伤寒，以甘草为君药，防风、白术为佐药。凡是各种风病必须使用防风、天麻。各种疮疡肿毒必须以黄柏、知母为君药，茯苓、泽泻为佐药。疟疾必须以柴胡为君药，根据发作的时间，归属于哪一经脉，便选用相应的引经药来引导药力到达病所。
以上这些药物，只是大致说明其用法，作为处方的阶梯指南。想要探究其精微之处，请在第二卷《主治指掌》中寻求答案。
Pain in the lateral head and forehead requires Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong); it is also used for headache due to blood depletion. Pain at the vertex of the head requires Ligusticum Wallichii Rhizome (Gaoben). Pain on one side of the body and in the limbs and joints requires Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo); it is also used for wind-dampness bi-syndrome.
Abdominal pain requires Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo). Pain below the umbilicus requires Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (Huangbai) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi). Pain in the epigastrium requires Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu). Stomach pain requires Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen (Caodoukou). Hypochondriac pain requires Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu); it is also used for tidal fever occurring at day-shu time (3–5 PM) or alternating chills and fever. Pain in the urethra requires the tip of raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gancao Shao). Stabbing pain due to qi stagnation requires Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhiqiao); stabbing pain due to blood stasis requires Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui). Fullness and stuffiness below the heart require Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi). Cold fullness in the chest requires Chenpi (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae, with the white pith removed). A sensation of tightness in the abdomen requires Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Cangzhu). To break blood stasis, Peach Kernel (Taoren) is required. To invigorate blood and nourish blood, Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui) is required; to tonify blood, Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) is required. To regulate blood, Corydalis Rhizoma (Yanhusuo) is required; to tonify primordial qi, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) is required. To regulate various qi mechanisms, Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang) is required. To break qi stagnation, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhiqiao) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) are required. Heat at the muscle surface requires Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin); it is also used to resolve phlegm.
To resolve phlegm, Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) is used. To resolve wind-phlegm, Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing) is required. Various types of deficiency heat require Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin); night sweating is also treated with Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin). Dampness affecting the spleen and stomach is treated with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu); resolving phlegm also utilizes Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu). Damp swelling in the lower jiao is treated with Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Han Fangji) and Gentianae Radix (Caolongdan). Damp-heat in the middle jiao is treated with Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian); damp-heat in the lower jiao is treated with Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin). Restlessness and thirst require Poria (Fuling) and Puerariae Radix (Gegen). For cough, Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) is used; for cough with sound but no phlegm, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) are used. For cough with sound and phlegm, Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhiqiao), and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) are used. For wheezing, Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong), and Ophiopogonis Radix (Maimendong) are required. Various types of diarrhea require Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu). Various types of watery diarrhea are treated with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Poria (Fuling), and Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie). Various types of dysentery require Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishaoyao).
Bleeding from the upper part of the body requires Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng); bleeding from the middle part requires Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian); bleeding from the lower part requires Sanguisorbae Radix (Diyu). Sudden onset of eye redness and swelling requires Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng). Chronic dimness of vision is treated with Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang), Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), and Lepidii Semens (Xixin). To relieve wind-cold invasion, Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) should be the sovereign herb, with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) as minister herbs. To relieve cold damage, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) should be the sovereign herb, with Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) as minister herbs. For all types of wind diseases, Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) and Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma) are required. For all types of sores and ulcers, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (Huangbai) and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu) should be the sovereign herbs, with Poria (Fuling) and Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie) as minister herbs. For malaria, Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) should be the sovereign herb; depending on the time of onset and the meridian involved, specific guiding herbs should be added to direct the medicinal action to the affected area.
The above drugs are discussed in general terms as a preliminary guide for prescription formulation. To explore their subtleties further, please refer to Volume II, "Guidance on Indications."