王肯堂曰∶上 痈，状如紫葡萄，又名悬痈，属手太阴、手厥阴心包络。令人
寒热大作，舌不能伸缩，口不能开阖，惟欲仰面而卧，鼻中时出红涕，乃手足少阴
经及三焦积热所致。过时不治，饮食不下，神昏脉乱者死。（《准绳》）
陈实功曰∶上 红肿胀痛，成脓为痈，脓出自愈。其病虽凶，却是标病无妨。脓
胀痛者开之，损而痛者益之，其患自安。（《正宗》）
经曰∶不放脓，非法也。
冯鲁瞻曰∶上 痈即垂痈，宛如芦箨盛水之状。治宜刺之，令泄去青黄赤血，盐
汤洗拭，蜜调一字散少许敷之。再生再刺可也。（《锦囊》）
《医论选要》曰∶悬痈生于上 ，虽不关于咽喉，所以暴肿者，亦热气使然也。不急疗则杀人。
窦汉卿曰∶悬痈生于上 ，形如紫李，坠下抵舌，其人口不能言，舌不能伸，头
不能低，仰面而立，鼻中时出红涕。若不速治，毒入于脑即死。用铜箸排开口，竹
披针破痈头，用盐汤搅净，血出尽，用冰片散吹入患处，闭口以待，药化自然咽下，
连吹三五次。（《全书》）
奎光曰，悬痈生口内上 ，紫泡如豆大者是也。
王肯堂说：上痈，形状像紫葡萄，又叫做悬痈，归属于手太阴肺经和手厥阴心包络。患者会出现严重的寒热交替，舌头不能伸缩，嘴巴不能开合，只想仰面躺着，鼻孔时常流出带血的鼻涕，这是由手足少阴经以及三焦积聚的热邪所致。如果拖延不治，导致饮食无法下咽，神志昏迷、脉象紊乱的就会死亡。（出自《医学准绳六要》）
陈实功说：上痈红肿疼痛，化脓后成为痈，脓液排出后自然痊愈。虽然病情凶险，但属于标病（体表之病），无大妨碍。如果因脓液积聚而胀痛，就应当切开排脓；如果疮口破损且疼痛，就用补益的方法治疗，病患自然安宁。（出自《外科正宗》）
医经说：不排脓，是不符合治疗法则的。
冯鲁瞻说：上痈就是垂痈，形状宛如芦花苞里盛着水一样。治疗适宜用针刺破，让青黄赤色的血液流出，用盐水清洗擦拭，再用蜂蜜调和少许一字散敷在患处。如果再生出脓血，再次刺破即可。（出自《疡医锦囊》）
《医论选要》说：悬痈生于口腔上部，虽然不直接关乎咽喉，但之所以突然肿胀，也是热气造成的缘故。如果不紧急治疗，会致人死亡。
窦汉卿说：悬痈生于口腔上部，形状像紫色的李子，下垂抵住舌头，患者不能说话，舌头不能伸出，头不能低下，只能仰面站立，鼻孔时常流出带血的鼻涕。如果不迅速治疗，毒气侵入脑部就会死亡。用铜筷撑开嘴巴，用竹制披针刺破痈头，用盐水搅动洗净，待血出尽后，将冰片散吹入患处，闭口等待，药物融化后自然吞咽下去，连续吹三五次。（出自《外科全书》）
奎光说，悬痈生在口腔内部的上部，呈现为紫色水泡，大小如豆子，这就是悬痈。
对于上痈日久，肿胀坚硬下垂且不溃破的情况：
食盐（适量） 枯矾（与食盐等量）
研成细末，用汤药调匀，用筷子头蘸取点涂在患处。
申斗垣说：小儿刚出生时，腮内出现如米粒或豆子大小的小疮，第二天逐渐变大，腐蚀破溃腮颊，所以名叫含腮疮。如果不尽早治疗，一旦破透则难以治愈。适宜使用二金散。（出自《外科启玄》）
Weng Kentang stated: Shangyong (Upper Carbuncle), resembling a purple grape, is also known as Xuanyong (Hanging Carbuncle). It belongs to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian. It causes severe chills and high fever, inability to extend or retract the tongue, inability to open or close the mouth, with a preference for lying on the back. Reddish nasal discharge occurs intermittently. This is caused by accumulated heat in the Hand-Shaoyin and Foot-Shaoyin meridians and the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). If left untreated beyond the appropriate time, leading to inability to ingest food, unconsciousness, and chaotic pulse, death will ensue. (From *Yixue Zhunsheng*)
Chen Shigong stated: Shangyong presents with red swelling and pain; upon suppuration, it becomes a carbuncle, and self-healing occurs once pus is discharged. Although the condition appears fierce, it is a superficial disease (biao bing) and poses no major threat. If distending pain is caused by pus accumulation, incision should be performed; if pain results from tissue damage, tonification methods should be applied, ensuring patient safety. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)
The Classics state: Failure to drain pus is not in accordance with proper medical practice.
Feng Luzhan stated: Shangyong is equivalent to Chuizhong (Drooping Carbuncle), resembling water held within a reed husk. Treatment involves pricking to release green, yellow, and red blood, followed by washing with salt water. A small amount of Yizi San (One-Character Powder) mixed with honey should be applied to the lesion. Repeated pricking may be performed if necessary. (From *Yangyi Jinnang*)
*Yilun Xuanya* states: Xuanyong arises in the upper part of the oral cavity. Although it does not directly involve the throat, sudden swelling is caused by heat qi. Urgent treatment is required, otherwise, it can be fatal.
Dou Hanqing stated: Xuanyong arises in the upper part of the oral cavity, resembling a purple plum, hanging down to touch the tongue. The patient cannot speak, extend the tongue, or lower the head, standing only with the face upward. Reddish nasal discharge occurs intermittently. If not treated promptly, toxins entering the brain will cause death. Use copper chopsticks to hold the mouth open, pierce the carbuncle head with a bamboo needle, clean thoroughly with salt water, allow all blood to drain, then blow Bingpian San (Borneol Powder) into the affected area. Keep the mouth closed until the medicine melts and is swallowed naturally. Repeat blowing three to five times. (From *Waike Quan shu*)
Kui Guang stated that Xuanyong occurs inside the mouth at the upper region, presenting as purple blisters the size of beans.
For cases where Shangyong has persisted for a long time, becoming swollen, hard, drooping, and un-ulcerated:
Shiyan (Halitum, Salt) [Amount unspecified]
Gufan (Alumen Exsiccatum, Dried Alum) [Equal amount]
Grind into fine powder, mix with decoction, and apply to the lesion using the tip of a chopstick.
Shen Douyuan stated: When infants are first born, a small sore the size of rice grains or beans appears inside the cheek. The next day, it gradually enlarges, eroding and ulcerating the cheek, hence named Hansai Chuang (Cheek-Eroding Sore). If not treated early, once fully perforated, it becomes difficult to cure. Erjin San (Two-Gold Powder) is suitable. (From *Waike Qixuan*)