周文采曰∶初生如饭粒，渐大而有根，头破血流，脓出肉反如花开之状，故名翻花疮。（《集验》）
陈实功曰∶此疮头大而蒂小，小者如豆，大者如菌，无苦无痛，揩损每流鲜血，
久亦虚人。大法当以津调冰蛳散遍擦正面，外用软油纸包裹，根蒂细处用线连纸扎紧，
十日后其患自落，换搽珍珠散收口。（《正宗》）
窦汉卿曰∶鸦啖者久中邪热，脏腑虚寒，血气衰少，腠理不密，发于皮肤之上，
相生如钱窍，后烂似鸦啖，日久损伤难治，用鸦啖散。（《全书》）
鸦啖散（窦氏）。
老鸦毛（烧灰） 大红绒（烧灰） 黄丹（各一钱） 珍珠（五分） 冰片（一分） 麝香（少许
）轻粉（三分） 枯矾（五分）
上为细末，先用苦茶洗净，干掺。
面上生疮。
胡粉 轻粉 松香（各等分）
研细。鸡蛋黄煎油，调搓。
面上热毒恶疮。（冯氏。）
胡粉 黄柏（炙） 黄连（各等分）
研细。猪油调敷。
面上毒疮初起。（凌潢章秘方。）急寻水蜒蚰一二条，用酱少许共捣，涂纸上，留一小孔透气，粘贴。
申斗垣曰∶黄水疮又名滴脓疮。（《启玄》）
陈实功曰∶头面、耳项忽生黄泡，破流脂水，顷刻延开，多生痛痒，此因日晒
风吹，暴感湿热，或内飧湿热之物，风动火生者有之。治用蛤粉散，或四味异功散搽之。（《正宗》）
冯鲁瞻曰∶面上耳边生疮，时出黄水，浸淫不愈，名曰香瓣疮。（《锦囊》）
凡初起细疮，手少动之即破，毒水流入何处，即生大水泡疮，即为黄水疮，此
热毒郁于皮毛也，当以汤洗之。（《秘录》）
周文采说：初起时像饭粒大小，逐渐增大并长出根部，顶端破溃后出血流脓，脓液流出后创面反而像花朵开放的样子，因此命名为翻花疮。（出自《集验方》）
陈实功说：这种疮头大蒂小，小的如豆粒，大的如菌菇，没有痛苦也没有疼痛，擦拭破损处会流出鲜血，时间久了会导致人体虚弱。治疗的大法应当用唾液调和冰蛳散（一种含轻粉、枯矾等成分的腐蚀性外用药），均匀涂抹在疮面正面，外用软油纸包裹，在根蒂较细的地方用线连同纸张扎紧，十日后患处组织自然脱落，再更换涂抹珍珠散（促进生肌收口的药物）以收敛伤口。（出自《外科正宗》）
窦汉卿说：鸦啖疮（一种皮肤溃疡）是由于长期感受邪热，导致脏腑虚寒，气血衰少，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）不紧密，病发于皮肤之上，初期形态如同铜钱上的孔窍，后来溃烂形状类似乌鸦啄食的痕迹，日久损伤难以治愈，使用鸦啖散治疗。（出自《医宗必读》或相关全书著作）
鸦啖散（窦氏配方）。
老鸦毛（烧成灰） 大红绒（烧成灰） 黄丹（各一钱） 珍珠（五分） 冰片（一分） 麝香（少许） 轻粉（三分） 枯矾（五分）
以上药材研为细末，先用苦茶洗净患处，然后干掺药粉。
面部生疮的方子。
胡粉 轻粉 松香（各等分）
研细。用鸡蛋黄煎成的油调和搓擦。
面部热毒恶疮（冯氏方）。
胡粉 黄柏（炙烤） 黄连（各等分）
研细。用猪油调和敷贴。
面部毒疮初起（凌潢章秘方）。急忙寻找水蜒蚰（即水蛭）一二条，加少许酱料共同捣碎，涂在纸上，留一个小孔透气，粘贴于患处。
陈实功说：头面、耳部及颈部突然生出黄色水泡，破溃后流出脂水，顷刻间蔓延扩大，多伴有痛痒感，这是因为日晒风吹，突然感受湿热之邪，或者内食湿热食物，风动火生所致。治疗使用蛤粉散，或四味异功散涂抹。（出自《外科正宗》）
冯鲁瞻说：面部和耳边生疮，时常流出黄水，浸淫扩散经久不愈，名为香瓣疮。（出自《外科锦囊》）
凡是初起细小的疮疡，手稍微触动就会破溃，毒水流入何处，就在何处生出大水疱疮，这就是黄水疮，这是热毒郁结于皮毛所致，应当用汤剂清洗患处。（出自《外科秘录》）
Zhou Wencai stated: Initially, it appears like a grain of rice, gradually enlarging with a root. When the head breaks, blood flows and pus is discharged, and the flesh resembles an open flower; hence it is named Fan Hua Chuang (Flower-Reversal Sore) (from *Ji Yan Fang*).
Chen Shigong stated: This sore has a large head and a small stalk; the small ones are like beans, and the large ones like mushrooms. It causes no pain or distress, but rubbing the damaged area causes fresh blood to flow. Over time, it debilitates the person. The general treatment principle is to mix Bing Si San (Ice Snail Powder, a caustic external preparation) with saliva and rub it evenly over the front surface of the sore. Cover externally with soft oiled paper. At the narrow base, tie tightly with thread along with the paper. After ten days, the affected tissue will naturally fall off, then switch to applying Zhen Zhu San (Pearl Powder) to promote healing and close the wound (from *Wai Ke Zheng Zong*).
Dou Hanqing stated: Ya Dan Chuang (Crow-Bitten Sore) results from long-term accumulation of pathogenic heat, leading to deficiency-cold in the zang-fu organs, depletion of qi and blood, and loose cou li (skin texture and pores). It manifests on the skin, initially resembling coin holes, later ulcerating with a shape similar to crow-pecked marks. If neglected for a long time, the damage becomes difficult to treat. Use Ya Dan San (Crow-Bitten Powder) (from *Yi Zong Bi Du* or related comprehensive texts).
Ya Dan San (Dou's Formula):
Lao Ya Mao (Old Crow Feather, burnt to ash), Da Hong Rong (Big Red Velvet/Fabric, burnt to ash), Huang Dan (Lead Monoxide, each 1 qian), Zhen Zhu (Pearl, 5 fen), Bing Pian (Borneol, 1 fen), She Xiang (Musk, a small amount), Qing Fen (Calomel, 3 fen), Ku Fan (Alum, calcined, 5 fen).
Grind all into a fine powder. First wash the affected area with bitter tea, then apply the dry powder directly.
For sores on the face:
Hu Fen (White Lead), Qing Fen (Calomel), Song Xiang (Pine Rosin) (equal parts).
Grind finely. Mix with oil fried from egg yolks and rub onto the area.
For toxic malignant sores with heat-toxin on the face (Feng's Formula):
Hu Fen (White Lead), Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, stir-baked), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizome) (equal parts).
Grind finely. Mix with lard and apply as a poultice.
For early-stage toxic sores on the face (Secret Recipe of Ling Huangzhang):
Hastily find one or two Shui Yan You (Leeches), mash them together with a little sauce, spread the mixture on paper, leave a small hole for ventilation, and paste it on the lesion.
Shen Douyuan stated: Huang Shui Chuang (Yellow Water Sore) is also known as Di Nong Chuang (Dripping Pus Sore) (from *Qi Xuan Zhi Zhang*).
Chen Shigong stated: Yellow blisters suddenly appear on the head, face, ears, neck, and sides, bursting to discharge serous fluid, spreading rapidly within moments, often accompanied by pain and itching. This is caused by sun exposure and wind blowing, sudden contraction of damp-heat pathogens, or internal consumption of damp-heat-inducing foods, leading to wind stirring and fire generating. Treat using Ge Fen San (Clam Powder) or Si Wei Yi Gong San (Four-Ingredient Extraordinary Efficacy Powder) applied topically (from *Wai Ke Zheng Zong*).
Feng Luzhan stated: Sores appearing on the face and around the ears, discharging yellow water intermittently, spreading and failing to heal for a long time, are named Xiang Ban Chuang (Fragrant Petal Sore) (from *Wai Ke Jin Nang*).
Whenever tiny sores arise initially, they break easily upon slight touch. Wherever the toxic fluid flows, large blister-like sores emerge, which constitutes Huang Shui Chuang (Yellow Water Sore). This is due to heat-toxin stagnating in the skin and hair follicles. It should be washed with decoctions (from *Wai Ke Mi Lu*).