纯阳初起必 肿，更兼身热有微寒，顶如尖字高凸起，肿似弯弓根有盘；七日之
间多 痛，二七之期脓渐漫，动息自宁食知味，二便调匀无泻干，肿消脓溃精神爽，
腐脱新生气血完；五善自然臻并至，七恶全无半点干，痛随脓减，肿退肌宽，此属
纯阳俱易治，百人百可保全安。（《正宗》）
初起，顶高根活，色赤发热， 肿疼痛，日渐高肿者顺。已成， 痛，皮薄光
亮，饮食如常，二便调和，身温者顺。已溃，脓稠，色鲜不臭，腐肉自脱， 肿易
消，身轻者顺。溃后，脓浓稠黄，新肉易生，疮口易敛，饮食渐进者顺。
纯阴初起不知疮，粟米之形疙瘩僵，不红不肿不知痛，少热少 少提防；七朝之
后身体倦，疮根平大喜洗汤，顶不高兮根不活，色不光兮腐不穣，软陷无脓空结聚，
脉浮数大细飞扬，饮食不餐身战战，尝汤止许意茫茫，疮上生衣如脱甲，孔中结子
似含芳，脓多臭秽身难便，举动怆惶韵不长；疮形成紫黑，面色变青黄，精神昏愦
多鼾睡，言语无人自发扬，口干多舌强，痰喘定身亡，此属纯阴俱不治，百人百可到泉乡（《正宗》）
初起，顶平根散，色暗微肿，不热不疼，身体倦怠者险。已成，肿坚色紫，不
作脓，不腐溃，惟口干多烦躁者逆。已溃，
皮烂肉坚不腐，肿仍不减，心烦者逆。溃后，脓水清稀，腐肉虽脱，新肉不生，色败臭秽者死。
【论辨纯阳疮疡法】
纯阳证在初起阶段必然出现肿胀，同时伴有身体发热和轻微的恶寒，疮顶像“尖”字一样高高凸起，肿胀部位像弯弓一样，根部有基底盘结；发病七天之内多表现为疼痛，十四天左右脓液逐渐渗出，此时患者动静自然安宁，饮食知味，大小便调匀，没有腹泻或便秘的情况，待肿胀消退、脓液溃破后精神清爽，腐肉脱落、新肉生长，气血恢复完整；五善证候自然到来并汇聚，七恶证候完全没有沾染，疼痛随着脓液排出而减轻，肿胀退去后肌肤宽松，这属于纯阳证，都容易治疗，百人之中百人皆可保全平安。（引自《外科正宗》）
初起时，疮顶高突、根基活络，颜色红赤且发热，肿胀疼痛，且日渐高肿的，为顺证。
脓成阶段，剧烈疼痛，皮肤变薄且光亮，饮食如常，大小便调和，身体温暖的，为顺证。
已溃破阶段，脓液稠厚，颜色鲜亮且不臭，腐肉自行脱落，肿胀容易消退，身体轻爽的，为顺证。
溃后阶段，脓液浓稠呈黄色，新肉容易生长，疮口容易收敛，饮食逐渐增加的，为顺证。
【论辨纯阴疮疡法】
纯阴证在初起阶段，患者往往不知道是疮疡，形态像粟米大小的疙瘩，僵硬不消，不红不肿也不觉得疼痛，仅有微热和微痛，需要小心提防；七天之后身体疲倦，疮根平塌，喜用汤药清洗，疮顶不高、根基不活，色泽不光润、腐肉不熟软，柔软下陷无脓，只是空结聚，脉象浮数大细或飞扬不定，饮食不进、身体颤抖，服用汤药也只能勉强维持意识模糊的状态，疮上生出衣膜如同脱落的指甲，孔中结子好似含着芳香之物，脓液多且臭秽导致身体难以忍受，举动惊慌失措、气息短促；若疮形呈现紫黑色，面色变为青黄色，精神昏沉困倦且多鼾睡，言语无人应答而自言自语，口干舌强，痰喘发作则注定身亡，这属于纯阴证，都难以治愈，百人之中百人皆会死亡。（引自《外科正宗》）
初起时，疮顶平塌、根基散漫，颜色晦暗微肿，不热不疼，身体倦怠的，为险证。
脓成阶段，肿胀坚硬、颜色紫黑，不作脓，不腐溃，只有口干且多烦躁的，为逆证。
已溃破阶段，皮肤烂坏、肌肉坚硬不腐，肿胀仍不减退，心烦意乱的，为逆证。
溃后阶段，脓水清稀，虽然腐肉脱落，但新肉不生，色泽败坏且气味臭秽的，为死证。
[Discussion on Differentiating Pure Yang Sores and Ulcers]
In the initial stage of a Pure Yang syndrome, swelling is inevitable, accompanied by fever and slight aversion to cold. The apex of the sore protrudes sharply like the character "Jian" (尖), and the swelling resembles a curved bow with a defined base ("Pan"). Within seven days, pain is predominant; by the second week (fourteen days), pus gradually exudes. At this stage, the patient's movements and rest are naturally calm, appetite returns, and bowel and bladder functions are regular without diarrhea or constipation. Once the swelling subsides and pus discharges, mental clarity is restored, necrotic tissue falls off, new tissue grows, and Qi and Blood are replenished. The "Five Good" prognostic signs naturally appear, while none of the "Seven Bad" signs are present. Pain decreases as pus drains, and swelling recedes with relaxed skin. This belongs to Pure Yang syndromes, which are all easy to treat; among a hundred patients, all can be saved and remain safe. (Quoted from *Waike Zhengzong*)
In the initial stage, if the apex is high, the base is active, the color is red and hot, there is swelling and pain, and it becomes increasingly swollen day by day, this is a favorable course (Shun).
When the abscess has formed, if there is severe pain, the skin is thin and shiny, diet is normal, bowel and bladder functions are harmonious, and the body temperature is warm, this is a favorable course.
After ulceration, if the pus is thick, bright in color, and odorless, necrotic tissue sheds spontaneously, swelling dissipates easily, and the body feels light, this is a favorable course.
After ulceration, if the pus is thick and yellow, new flesh generates easily, the wound closes readily, and dietary intake gradually increases, this is a favorable course.
[Discussion on Differentiating Pure Yin Sores and Ulcers]
In the initial stage of a Pure Yin syndrome, the patient may not realize it is a sore; it appears as a millet-sized nodule that is stiff and rigid. It is neither red nor swollen, nor painful, with only slight heat and slight pain, requiring careful vigilance. After seven days, the body feels fatigued. The base of the sore is flat, and the patient prefers washing with decoctions. The apex is not high, the base is not active, the luster is dull, and the necrotic tissue is not ripe. It is soft and sunken without pus, merely forming empty clusters. The pulse may be floating, rapid, large, fine, or erratic. There is no appetite, trembling of the body, and even after taking decoctions, consciousness remains vague. A membrane forms on the sore resembling shed nail plates, and nodules form in the pores as if containing fragrance. Excessive foul-smelling pus makes the body uncomfortable, movements are panicked, and breath is short. If the sore takes on a purple-black color, the face turns greenish-yellow, spirit is confused with heavy snoring, speech is disjointed or self-directed, the mouth is dry with tongue stiffness, and phlegm-wheezing occurs leading to death, this belongs to Pure Yin syndromes, which are all untreatable; among a hundred patients, all will die. (Quoted from *Waike Zhengzong*)
In the initial stage, if the apex is flat, the base is scattered, the color is dark and slightly swollen, there is no heat or pain, and the body feels fatigued, this is a dangerous condition (Xian).
When the abscess has formed, if it is hard and swollen with a purple color, fails to produce pus, does not ulcerate, and presents with dry mouth and irritability, this is an adverse course (Ni).
After ulceration, if the skin rots, the flesh is hard and does not slough, swelling persists, and there is mental restlessness, this is an adverse course.
After ulceration, if the discharge is clear and thin, although necrotic tissue sheds, new flesh does not grow, and the complexion is poor with a foul odor, this indicates a fatal outcome.