（《内经》亦名温疟）
【风疟之症】《内经》云∶风伤卫气，先热后寒。此言先后者，言多少也，言热多寒少
之疟。是以不曰恶寒，而曰恶风、自汗、烦躁、伸欠也。不恶寒，则寒少也。发热直至烦躁，
热多也。若头痛背痛，发于午前者，太阳也。目痛鼻干，发于午后者，阳明也。发于寅卯者
【风疟之因】《内经》云∶暑邪既伏，秋气收之，汗出遇风，与卫气并居，阴阳分争，
内外相搏，而风邪伤卫之疟作矣。
【风疟之脉】左脉浮缓，太阳疟也。右脉洪长，阳明疟也。左右皆弦，少阳疟也。
【风疟之治】疟在太阳有汗，桂枝石膏汤。在阳明，白芷石膏汤。在少阳，小柴胡汤。
三阳俱见症者，《准绳》和解汤。
桂枝石膏汤
桂枝 知母 石膏 黄芩
无汗加防风。身痛加羌活、柴胡。
白芷石膏汤 治阳明经温疟。
白芷 石膏 知母
家秘以升麻、葛根，易白芷。恶寒加桂枝。无汗，加防风、柴胡。身痛，加羌活、独活
小柴胡汤
柴胡 黄芩 陈皮 半夏 甘草 人参
《准绳》和解汤 治三阳经寒热之疟。
柴胡 升麻 葛根 羌活 知母 石膏 黄芩 猪芩 山甲 甘草 陈皮 防风
此方用表药五味，升散表邪，使郁热外发，而恶寒自已。用寒药三味以清里，使里热
得清，而发热自退，用猪苓分别阴阳，穿山甲以通经络，陈皮、甘草二味，助胃气，升降诸
桢按∶前二方，因热多寒少之温疟，故以知母、石膏、黄芩互用。若寒多，则凉药不可
用矣。其后和解汤，乃和解三阳之疟也。仲景治伤寒热病，表症多者，用辛温散表。里热多
者，用寒凉清里。若表里俱见症者，用一半散表、一半清里以双解之。若痰凝食滞者，兼用
化痰消滞之药。可见治伤寒如是，治疟疾外感症，皆如是也。
（《黄帝内经》中也称之为温疟）
【风疟的症状】《黄帝内经》说：风邪损伤卫气，表现为先发热后发冷。这里所说的先后，是指热与寒的程度比例，指的是热多寒少的疟疾。因此不说恶寒，而说怕风、自汗、烦躁、伸懒腰打哈欠。如果不恶寒，说明寒气少；发热直到出现烦躁，说明热气多。如果头痛、背痛，且在中午之前发作的，属于太阳经病证；眼睛痛、鼻子干，且在中午之后发作的，属于阳明经病证；在寅时、卯时（凌晨3点至7点）发作的……
【风疟的病因】《黄帝内经》说：暑邪潜伏体内，秋季气候收敛，出汗时遇到风邪，风邪与卫气共同停留，导致阴阳之气相互争斗，内外邪气相互搏结，于是因风邪伤及卫气而引发的疟疾就发作了。
【风疟的脉象】左手脉浮缓，是太阳疟；右手脉洪大长直，是阳明疟；左右手脉都呈弦象，是少阳疟。
【风疟的治疗】疟疾病在太阳经且有汗出的，用桂枝石膏汤。在阳明经的，用白芷石膏汤。在少阳经的，用小柴胡汤。三阳经症状同时出现的，用《准绳》和解汤。
桂枝石膏汤
组成：桂枝、知母、石膏、黄芩。
若无汗，加防风。身体疼痛，加羌活、柴胡。
白芷石膏汤 治疗阳明经温疟。
组成：白芷、石膏、知母。
作者家传秘方以升麻、葛根替换白芷。若恶寒，加桂枝。若无汗，加防风、柴胡。若身体疼痛，加羌活、独活。
《准绳》和解汤 治疗三阳经寒热往来的疟疾。
组成：柴胡、升麻、葛根、羌活、知母、石膏、黄芩、猪苓、穿山甲、甘草、陈皮、防风。
此方使用五味解表药，升散表邪，使郁积的热邪向外发散，恶寒自然停止。使用三味寒凉药以清泄里热，使里热得以清除，发热自然消退。使用猪苓分别阴阳，穿山甲疏通经络，陈皮、甘草两味药，辅助胃气，调节全身气机升降。
桢按语：前两个方子，是因为热多寒少的温疟，所以知母、石膏、黄芩互相配合使用。如果寒多，则不能使用凉性药物。后面的和解汤，是用来和解三阳经疟疾的。张仲景治疗伤寒热病，表证多的，用辛温药发散表邪。里热多的，用寒凉药清泄里热。如果表证和里证同时出现，就用一半药发散表邪、一半药清泄里热来双管齐下解决。如果有痰凝滞或食物停滞的情况，兼用化痰消食导滞的药物。由此可见，治疗伤寒是这样，治疗疟疾等外感病症，也都是这样的。
(Also known as Warm Malaria in the *Huangdi Neijing* [Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon].)
[Symptoms of Wind Malaria] The *Huangdi Neijing* states: "Wind pathogen damages Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), manifesting first as fever followed by chills." The mention of sequence here refers to the proportion of heat and cold, indicating malaria characterized by more heat than cold. Therefore, it does not describe aversion to cold, but rather aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, irritability, yawning, and stretching. Lack of aversion to cold indicates less cold; fever progressing to irritability indicates more heat. If headache and back pain occur before noon, it belongs to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian pattern; if eye pain and nasal dryness occur after noon, it belongs to the Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridian pattern; onset during Yin and Mao hours (3 AM to 7 AM)...
[Etiology of Wind Malaria] The *Huangdi Neijing* states: "Summer-heat pathogen lies dormant within; autumn air contracts it. When sweat is present and wind is encountered, the wind pathogen resides together with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Yin and Yang qi contend with each other, and internal and external pathogens clash, causing malaria due to wind damaging Wei Qi to erupt."
[Pulse Signs of Wind Malaria] A floating and moderate pulse on the left hand indicates Taiyang Malaria; a surging and long pulse on the right hand indicates Yangming Malaria; a wiry pulse on both hands indicates Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) Malaria.
[Treatment of Wind Malaria] For malaria in the Taiyang meridian with sweating, use Guizhi Shigao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Gypsum Decoction). For the Yangming meridian, use Baizhi Shigao Tang (Angelica Dahurica and Gypsum Decoction). For the Shaoyang meridian, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). When symptoms of all three Yang meridians appear simultaneously, use Jiehe Tang (Harmonizing Decoction) from *Zhunsheng*.
Guizhi Shigao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Gypsum Decoction)
Ingredients: Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae).
If no sweating, add Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae). If body pain, add Qianghuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii) and Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri).
Baizhi Shigao Tang (Angelica Dahurica and Gypsum Decoction) Treats Yangming Meridian Warm Malaria.
Ingredients: Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae).
The author's secret formula replaces Baizhi with Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix). If aversion to cold, add Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi). If no sweating, add Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae) and Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri). If body pain, add Qianghuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii) and Duhuo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis).
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
Ingredients: Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Renshen (Radix Ginseng).
Jiehe Tang (Harmonizing Decoction) from *Zhunsheng* Treats malaria with alternating chills and fever involving the three Yang meridians.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Qianghuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Zhuling (Polyporus), Shanjiapia (Squama Manis), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae).
This formula uses five exterior-releasing herbs to ascend and disperse exterior pathogens, allowing stagnant heat to emit outward, thereby stopping aversion to cold naturally. It uses three cooling herbs to clear interior heat, allowing interior heat to be cleared, thereby stopping fever naturally. Zhuling (Polyporus) is used to differentiate Yin and Yang; Shanjiapia (Squama Manis) is used to unblock collaterals; Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) and Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) assist Stomach Qi and regulate the ascending and descending of Zang-Fu organs.
Commentary by Zhen: The previous two formulas are used for Warm Malaria with more heat than cold, hence Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), and Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) are used in conjunction. If cold predominates, cooling herbs should not be used. The subsequent Jiehe Tang (Harmonizing Decoction) is for harmonizing malaria of the three Yang meridians. Zhang Zhongjing treated Shanghan (Cold Damage) febrile diseases: when exterior signs were predominant, he used acrid-warm herbs to release the exterior; when interior heat was predominant, he used cold-cool herbs to clear the interior. When both exterior and interior signs appeared, he used half dosage to release the exterior and half to clear the interior for a dual resolution. If there was phlegm stagnation or food retention, he concurrently used herbs to resolve phlegm and promote digestion. Thus, treating Shanghan is like this, and treating malaria and other exogenous conditions is also like this.