外障皆因六气生，暑寒燥湿火与风，内热召邪乘隙入，随经循系上头中。
【注】此明外障受病之因也。外障者，从外而遮也。风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，六气
也。外障之病，皆因六淫所感，然必因其人
内热外蒸，腠理不密，相召外邪，乘虚而入。入项属太阳，入面属阳明，入颊属少阳，各
随其经之系，上头入脑中，而为患于目焉。其证∶赤、痛、肿、涩、眵、泪、翳膜遮睛也。
病由不内外因者，饮食起居击刺成，邪无定体内外障，细察其因无遁情。
【注】此明不内外因受病之因也。既非外感六气，又非内伤七情，但因饮食不节，伤
饱失饥，起居不慎，劳役过度，或遭击振，或被刺损。以其邪无定体，故或成内障，或成
外障之病。当细察其所因，则病无遁情矣。
内障初患变五风，黄绿黑乌青圆冰，滑涩浮沉横散偃，黄心黑水枣花形，雷头惊振
及瞳缺，雀目高风胎患名，二十四证为内障，须当一一辨分明。
【注】内障初患，尚未失明之证也，久而变成五风之证。瞳变黄色者，名曰黄风。变
绿白色者，名曰绿风。变黑色者，名曰黑风。变乌红色者，名曰乌风。变青色者，名曰青
风。圆者，圆翳也。冰者，冰翳也。滑者，滑翳也。涩者，涩翳也。浮者，浮翳也。沉者，
沉翳也，又名深翳。横者，横翳也，又名剑脊翳，散者，散翳也。偃者，偃月翳也。黄
心者，白翳黄心翳也。黑水者，黑水凝翳，亦名黑花翳。枣花者，枣花翳也。雷头者，雷
头风变内障也。惊振者，因惊振而成内障也。胎患者，胎患内障也。此内障二十四证之总
名也，须当一一分辨明白，以施治也。
外障眼病皆由六气引发，即暑、寒、燥、湿、火与风。体内有热招致外邪乘虚而入，邪气顺着经络循行系连之处上行至头部。
【注】此处阐明外障受病的病因。所谓外障，是指病邪从外部侵袭遮蔽眼睛。风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，合称六气。外障之病，皆因感受六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪）所致，但必须是因为人体内部有热向外蒸腾，腠理（皮肤毛孔及肌肉纹理）不致密，从而招引外邪，乘虚而入。邪气侵入项部属于太阳经，侵入面部属于阳明经，侵入颊部属于少阳经，各自随着所属经络的系连，上行入脑，从而在眼部产生病变。其症状表现为：目赤、疼痛、肿胀、干涩、眵多（眼屎）、流泪、翳膜遮蔽瞳孔等。
疾病由不内外因引起的，多由饮食起居不当或击打刺伤造成，邪气没有固定的形态，可形成内障也可形成外障，仔细考察其病因便无处遁形。
【注】此处阐明不内外因受病的病因。既不是外感六气，也不是内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊），而是因为饮食不节制，过饱或饥饿失时，起居不慎，劳役过度，或者遭受击打震动，或被刺伤损。因为邪气没有固定的形体，所以有的形成内障，有的形成外障之病。应当仔细考察致病的原因，那么病情就无所隐藏了。
内障初起变化为五风证，以及黄、绿、黑、乌、青、圆、冰、滑、涩、浮、沉、横、散、偃等形态，还有黄心、黑水、枣花形状，雷头、惊振及瞳神缺损，雀目、高风、胎患等名称，共二十四种证候称为内障，必须一一辨别清楚。
【注】内障初患，是指尚未失明的证候，日久则转变为五风之证。瞳神变为黄色者，名为黄风。变为绿白色者，名为绿风。变为黑色者，名为黑风。变为乌红色者，名为乌风。变为青色者，名为青风。圆者，指圆翳内障。冰者，指冰翳内障。滑者，指滑翳内障。涩者，指涩翳内障。浮者，指浮翳内障。沉者，指沉翳内障，又名深翳。横者，指横翳内障，又名剑脊翳。散者，指散翳内障。偃者，指偃月翳内障。黄心者，指白翳黄心翳。黑水者，指黑水凝翳，亦名黑花翳。枣花者，指枣花翳。雷头者，指雷头风变成的内障。惊振者，指因惊吓震动而成的内障。胎患者，指胎患内障。这是内障二十四种证候的总称，必须一一分辨明白，以便施治。
Exterior disorders (Exterior Eye Disorders) arise from the Six Qi (Six Atmospheric Influences), namely heat, cold, dryness, dampness, fire, and wind. Internal heat attracts pathogens to enter through gaps; following the meridians and their connections, they ascend to the head.
[Note] This clarifies the etiology of exterior eye disorders. "Exterior" refers to obstruction caused by external factors. Wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness, and fire constitute the Six Qi. Diseases of the exterior are all caused by the contraction of the Six Excesses (Six Pathogenic Factors). However, it is necessary that internal heat steams outward, the cou li (pores and interstices) are not dense, thereby attracting external pathogens to enter via deficiency. Entry into the nape belongs to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian; entry into the face belongs to the Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridian; entry into the cheek belongs to the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridian. Each follows its respective meridian's connections, ascending to the head and brain, causing pathology in the eyes. The manifestations include: redness, pain, swelling, astringency (dryness/roughness), excessive discharge (eye gunk), tearing, and nebulae (opacities) obscuring the pupil.
Diseases arising from non-internal or non-external causes result from diet, daily life irregularities, blows, or puncture injuries. The pathogen has no fixed form, potentially forming interior or exterior disorders; careful examination of the cause reveals the truth without concealment.
[Note] This clarifies the etiology of non-internal/non-external causes. It is neither external contraction of the Six Qi nor internal injury from the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Grief, Fear, Fright). Instead, it stems from undisciplined diet, overeating or starvation, careless living habits, excessive labor, suffering blows or shocks, or being pierced/injured. Since the pathogen lacks a fixed form, it may result in interior disorders or exterior disorders. One must carefully investigate the causative factor, so that the disease cannot hide its nature.
Interior disorders initially manifest as changes into the Five Winds, along with forms such as Yellow, Green, Black, Dark, Cyan, Round, Ice, Slippery, Rough, Floating, Sinking, Horizontal, Scattered, and Recumbent; shapes like Yellow Center, Black Water, and Jujube Flower; conditions like Thunder Head, Shock/Vibration, and pupil defects; and names such as Sparrow Blindness, High Wind, and Congenital Disorder. These twenty-four syndromes are collectively termed interior disorders and must be distinguished one by one clearly.
[Note] Initial interior disorders refer to symptoms before total blindness, which eventually transform into the Five Wind syndromes. If the pupil turns yellow, it is named Yellow Wind. If it turns greenish-white, it is named Green Wind. If it turns black, it is named Black Wind. If it turns dark-red, it is named Dark Wind. If it turns cyan, it is named Cyan Wind. "Round" refers to Round Nebula. "Ice" refers to Ice Nebula. "Slippery" refers to Slippery Nebula. "Rough" refers to Rough Nebula. "Floating" refers to Floating Nebula. "Sinking" refers to Sinking Nebula, also known as Deep Nebula. "Horizontal" refers to Horizontal Nebula, also known as Sword-Ridge Nebula. "Scattered" refers to Scattered Nebula. "Recumbent" refers to Crescent Nebula. "Yellow Center" refers to White Nebula with Yellow Center. "Black Water" refers to Black Water Coagulated Nebula, also named Black Flower Nebula. "Jujube Flower" refers to Jujube Flower Nebula. "Thunder Head" refers to interior disorder transformed from Thunder Head Wind. "Shock/Vibration" refers to interior disorder caused by fright or shock. "Congenital" refers to Congenital Interior Disorder. These are the collective names for the twenty-four syndromes of interior disorders; they must be distinguished clearly to guide treatment.