典藏书目

There are two theories regarding the "Thirteen Departments" (Shisan Ke): The theory of the Great Physicians states: Cold [diseases] 1, Internal [medicine] 2, Throat 3, Eyes 4, Sores/Ulcers 5, Trauma 6, Arrowheads/Metal injuries 7, Women's [medicine] 8, Children's [medicine] 9, Smallpox and Rashes 10, Acupuncture and Moxibustion 11, Incantations (Zhuyou) 12, Talismans and Prohibitions (Fujin) 13. Wang Kentang's *Zhengzhi Zhunsheng* from the Ming Dynasty and Wang Jinshan's *Gufang Xuanzhu* from recent times both adopt this view. The theory of the Zhuyou school combines Talismans and Prohibitions into Zhuyou, and separately establishes a Wind Department to make up the number. Research shows that Zhuyou invariably uses Talismans and Prohibitions; how can Talismans and Prohibitions be separated as an independent department? Stroke (Zhongfeng) is complex with myriad manifestations and should naturally be established as a separate department, not mixed with Internal Medicine. Moreover, Internal Medicine primarily governs diseases related to diet, daily life, sexual activity, and emotions, whereas the pathogenic factors of stroke come from external invasion, not generated internally, so they cannot belong to Internal Medicine. The *Records of the Grand Historian · Biography of Bian Que* records that when Bian Que arrived in Luoyang, where children were respected, he became a pediatrician; when he arrived in Handan, where women were respected, he became a gynecologist (Daixia Yi); when he arrived in Zhou, where the elderly were respected, he became an ophthalmologist and neurologist for Bi syndrome. That ophthalmologist and neurologist for Bi syndrome is essentially the Wind Department. Thus, the Wind Department being independent has been the case since ancient times.

Commentators all assert that "Madao" refers to a sore/ulcer, long in shape like a horse knife clam. However, in the classic text, Madao is juxtaposed with Xiaying. Xiaying is named by location, while Madao is named by morphological similarity; such antithetical phrasing is inconsistent. Madao should also be a name for a body part, similar to Xiaying. It is likely referring to the muscles on the side of the neck, located below the ear and slightly towards the back, directly above the Jianjing acupoint (GB21). Palpating it feels very much like a horse knife. Naming the muscles on the side of the neck "Madao" is analogous to naming the white flesh on the palm "Yuji" (Fish Border)! Using object names for metaphor is also an example of ancient naming conventions. What arises at the location of Xiaying is called Xiaying; therefore, what arises at the location of Madao is called Madao. The juxtaposition in the classic text should be understood in this sense. In Chapter 9 of *Qianjin Fang*, the symptoms of Madao and Madao Jianding (Shoulder Swelling) are treated with the same grammatical structure as axillary swelling, lip injury, inability to move limbs, throat obstruction (Houbi), and swelling in the Tianyou region. Since axilla, lips, and limbs are locations, Madao can be inferred similarly. Most notably, the four characters "Madao Jianding" mean that both the Madao area and the shoulder are swollen. Verifying *Jinkui Yaolue* with *Qianjin Fang*, this is conclusive. If it referred to a long-shaped sore, how would it differ from a round one, warranting specific mention? Furthermore, sores at the Xiaying location are not necessarily long, and sores in the neck-axilla region are not entirely long; how then to distinguish them? Examining the intent of the classic text closely, regardless of length, if it occurs between the muscles on the side of the neck, it is collectively called Madao.
This chapter specifically elucidates "Madao" in *Jinkui Yaolue*. If one rigidly applies this definition to summarize modern medical formularies, it would be incorrect. Those who wish to use modern books should not cite *Jinkui Yaolue*. Self-recorded.