味甘寒。主湿痹。面目浮肿。下大水。一名 鱼。生池泽。（初学记引作鳢）
称水厌。礼斗灵嘉。疏经误鲩。具性通蛇。七星首戴。双砺形差。附生鳗子。聚沫吹
沙。
李时珍曰。道家指为水厌。斋 所忌。夜朝北斗。有自然之礼。故为之鳢。宋送神歌。
灵有
嘉兮。尔雅疏。鳢鲩并列训鳢。一名鲩非。陶弘景曰。言是公蛎蛇所化。犹通蛇性。尔雅翼
。首有七点作北斗之状。水经注。林邑范文为奴时。于涧水得两鳢。挟归托云蛎石。郎至鱼
前。见是两石。埤雅。鳗子附鳢而生。李夷亮赋。聚沫纡徐。尔雅疏。鲨 鱼狭而小。张口
吹沙。
味苦寒。主目热赤痛。青盲明目。久服强悍。益志气。生池泽。
三十六鳞。披胆加志。弗共冰栖。非调饴味。熊可和丸。獭亦分器。苦口功同。悬珠目
治。
苏颂曰。胁鳞一道无大小。皆三十六鳞。汉书传。路温舒披大胆。新书 俯而加志。晋
书纪
。武帝衔胆栖冰。李 歌。尝胆不苦味若饴。唐书传。柳仲郢母。和熊胆丸使夜咀咽。说文
。獭胆分卮。史记世家。毒药苦口利于病。汉书传。东方朔目若悬珠。谷梁传。六 先数聚
辞也。目治也。李时珍曰。熊胆明目去翳。苏颂曰。獭胆主治目翳。视物不明。
味甘平。主补中养神。益气力。除百疾。久服轻身耐老。不饥延年。一名水芝丹。
生池泽。
冰丝玉节。蛰卧川阿。红裳独立。翠扇交摩。中藏鱼目。仰露蜂窠。水羞相辈。痊起沉
。
于慎行诗。冰丝欲断鲛人缕。陶弼诗。谁将玉节栽。冯璧诗。蛰卧时奋迅。王勃赋。誓
毕赏
于川阿。李纲赋。红裳影斜。韩 诗。香囊独立红。许浑诗。烟开翠扇清风晓。京房易传。
相摩而鸣。高启联句。鱼目微光皎。张楫诗。飞尽黄蜂露蜜房。刘孝威启。凡厥水羞。莫敢
相辈。谢 诗。已觉沉 痊。
味甘，性寒。主治湿痹（因湿邪阻滞经络引起的肢体疼痛、麻木等症）。面目浮肿。通利小便以排出体内积水。又名鳢鱼。生长于池塘沼泽之中。（《初学记》引用时写作“鳢”）
被称为水神厌胜之物。祭祀北斗星时具有灵验嘉美之德。疏通经络时误用鲩鱼。其本性能够通达蛇类（的特性）。头部有七星斑点。形状与双砺石略有差异。依附于鳗子而生。聚集泡沫缓缓游动。
李时珍说：道家将其称为水厌（一种用于镇水的厌胜物），在斋戒期间忌讳食用。夜晚朝向北斗星礼拜，符合自然的礼仪，因此称之为“鳢”。宋代送神歌中有：“神灵有嘉美啊。”《尔雅疏》中，鳢和鲩并列解释为鳢，称其为鲩是不对的。陶弘景说：说是公蛎蛇所化生，因此仍保留蛇的本性。《尔雅翼》记载：头部有七个点，呈北斗星的形状。《水经注》记载：林邑人范文做奴仆时，在山涧水中得到两条鳢，挟带回来托辞是蛎石，郎君走到鱼前，发现那是两块石头。《埤雅》记载：鳗子依附于鳢而生长。李夷亮的赋中提到：聚集泡沫，动作舒缓。《尔雅疏》记载：鲨鱼狭小而短小，张口吹沙。
味苦，性寒。主治眼睛红肿热痛。治疗青盲（视力减退或失明）并明目。长期服用可使身体强健有力，增强意志和气力。生长于池塘沼泽之中。
身披三十六片鳞片。剖开胆囊可增强志气。不与冰一起栖息。味道并非调和饴糖之甜。熊胆可与药丸同服。水獭胆也可分装使用。苦口的功效相同。悬挂的珍珠状物体用于治疗眼部疾病。
苏颂说：胁部的鳞片只有一行，无论大小，都是三十六片鳞。《汉书传》记载：路温舒披着大熊胆。《新书》记载：俯身加志（立志）。《晋书纪》记载：武帝含着胆汁，睡在冰上。李峤的歌谣唱道：尝胆不觉得苦，味道像饴糖一样。《唐书传》记载：柳仲郢的母亲，将熊胆制成丸药让他夜间咀嚼吞咽。《说文解字》记载：獭胆分卮（酒杯）。《史记世家》记载：毒药苦口但对病情有利。《汉书传》记载：东方朔的眼睛像悬挂的珍珠。《谷梁传》记载：六是指先数聚辞的意思，“目”指治理。李时珍说：熊胆能明目去翳。苏颂说：獭胆主治眼翳，视物不明。
味甘，性平。主治补益中气，养神，益气力。去除各种疾病。长期服用可使身体轻盈，耐老，不感到饥饿，延年益寿。又名水芝丹。生长于池塘沼泽之中。
如冰丝般洁白，如玉节般分明。冬眠于山川角落。红色的花叶独立挺立。翠绿的叶子相互摩擦。中间藏着如鱼目般的种子。仰面露出如蜂巢般的孔穴。水中的美味同类相比。治愈了沉疴。
于慎行的诗写道：冰丝欲断，似鲛人之缕。陶弼的诗问道：谁将玉节栽种？冯璧的诗写道：冬眠之时奋起迅捷。王勃的赋写道：发誓毕赏于山川角落。李纲的赋写道：红裳影斜。韩偓的诗写道：香囊独立，红色鲜明。许浑的诗写道：烟雾散开，翠扇带来清晨清风。京房《易传》记载：相互摩擦而鸣叫。高启的联句写道：鱼目微光皎洁。张楫的诗写道：飞尽黄蜂，露出蜜房。刘孝威的启文中写道：凡是水中的美味，不敢相提并论。谢朓的诗写道：已觉沉疴痊愈。
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats damp-bi (a syndrome caused by pathogenic dampness obstructing the meridians, characterized by pain and numbness in the limbs). It addresses edema of the face and eyes. It promotes urination to drain excessive water from the body. Also known as Lì fish. It grows in ponds and marshes. (Cited in *Chuxue Ji* as "Lǐ")
It is referred to as a water-suppressing object (an apotropaic item used to control water spirits). It possesses spiritual efficacy and auspiciousness in rituals honoring the Big Dipper. When unblocking the meridians, it is mistakenly confused with Huàn fish. Its nature allows it to connect with that of snakes. The head bears seven star-like spots. Its shape differs slightly from that of double whetstones. It grows attached to eels. It gathers foam and moves slowly.
Li Shizhen stated: The Daoist school refers to it as a water-suppressing object, which is taboo during fasting rituals. At night, it faces the Big Dipper for worship, adhering to natural rites; hence it is called "Lǐ". In the Song Dynasty's song for sending off deities, it says: "The spirit is auspicious." *Erya Shu* lists Lǐ and Huàn together, defining them as Lǐ; calling it Huàn is incorrect. Tao Hongjing stated: It is said to be transformed from a male Li snake, thus retaining the nature of snakes. *Erya Yi* records: The head has seven dots resembling the Big Dipper. *Shui Jing Zhu* records: When Fan Wen was a slave in Linyi, he found two Lǐ fish in a stream, carried them back claiming they were Li stones, but when the master approached, he saw they were just two stones. *Pi Ya* records: Eels grow attached to Lǐ. Li Yiliang's fu mentions: Gathering foam, moving leisurely. *Erya Shu* records: Sharks are narrow and small, opening their mouths to blow sand.
The flavor is bitter, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats red, hot, and painful eyes. It treats Qingmang (blindness or severe visual impairment) and improves vision. Long-term consumption makes the body strong and vigorous, enhancing willpower and Qi. It grows in ponds and marshes.
It is covered with thirty-six scales. Opening the gallbladder enhances willpower. It does not dwell with ice. Its taste is not like sweetened malt syrup. Bear bile can be mixed into pills. Otter gallbladder can also be shared in vessels. Though bitter to the mouth, its efficacy is similar. Suspended pearls (metaphor for clear eyes) treat eye conditions.
Su Song stated: There is only one row of scales on the flanks, regardless of size, totaling thirty-six scales. *Han Shu Zhuan* records: Lu Wenshu wore a large bear gall. *Xin Shu* records: Bowing down to strengthen his will. *Jin Shu Ji* records: Emperor Wu held gall in his mouth and slept on ice. Li Qiao's song sang: Tasting gall does not feel bitter, tasting like malt syrup. *Tang Shu Zhuan* records: The mother of Liu Zhongying made bear gall pills for him to chew and swallow at night. *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* records: Otter gall divided into cups. *Shi Ji Shi Jia* records: Poisonous medicine is bitter to the mouth but beneficial to the illness. *Han Shu Zhuan* records: Dongfang Shuo's eyes were like suspended pearls. *Guliang Zhuan* records: "Six" refers to gathering words first; "Mu" (eye) refers to governance. Li Shizhen stated: Bear bile brightens the eyes and removes nebulae. Su Song stated: Otter gall treats eye nebulae and unclear vision.
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily tonifies the Middle Jiao, nourishes the Shen (Spirit), benefits Qi and strength. It eliminates various diseases. Long-term consumption makes the body light, resists aging, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Also known as Shui Zhi Dan (Water Lotus Pill). It grows in ponds and marshes.
White as ice silk, distinct as jade joints. Hibernating in river banks. Standing alone in red robes. Green fans rubbing against each other. Hiding fish-eye seeds inside. Exposing honeycomb structures upwards. Aquatic delicacies compare with each other. Healing deep-seated ailments.
Yu Shenxing's poem writes: Ice silk about to break, like the threads of the mermaid. Tao Bi's poem asks: Who planted the jade joints? Feng Bi's poem writes: Rousing swiftly during hibernation. Wang Bo's fu writes: Vowing to complete appreciation in the river banks. Li Gang's fu writes: Red robes casting slanting shadows. Han Wo's poem writes: Fragrant pouch standing alone, red and bright. Xu Hun's poem writes: Smoke clearing, green fans bringing morning breeze. Jing Fang's *Yi Zhuan* records: Rubbing against each other and singing. Gao Qi's linked verse writes: Fish eyes shining with faint light. Zhang Ji's poem writes: Yellow bees have flown away, revealing honeycombs. Liu Xiaowei's qi states: All aquatic delicacies dare not compare. Xie Tiao's poem writes: Already feeling the cure for deep-seated ailments.