味苦温。主咳逆伤中。补不足。除邪气。利九窍。益智慧。耳目聪明。不忘强志。倍
力。久服轻身不老。叶名小草。一名棘菀。一名 绕。一名细草。生山谷。喻志决远。出处
何差。近洛玉粲。浮泗丹葩。根疑鹿食。苗杂龙沙。醒心月朗。倍力风加。
荀子。人主必有足使喻志决疑于远方者。然后可。世说。郝隆答桓公。处则为远志。出
则为
小草。苏颂曰。河洛陕西郡有之。开白花。泗州者花红。根如蒿根。苗如麻黄。书疏。惟洛
食近洛。而其兆得吉。刘桢赋。 玉粲以耀目。书。浮于泗。列仙传。颜 丹葩。诗。呦呦
鹿
鸣。食野之蒿。广雅。龙沙麻黄也。记事珠。远志为醒心杖。陆机诗。明月一何朗。法书要
录。风加而众草靡。
味苦涩。主骨间寒热。惊痫邪气。续绝伤。定五脏。杀蛊毒。久服益智不忘。轻身耐
老。一名陵游。生山谷。
茹苦若饴。味宜尝胆。葵叶阳倾。竹枝露泫。银蒜菀垂。金铃孰撼。夏茂冬藏宿根勿剪。
陈造诗。茹苦耐煎熬。李 歌。尝胆不苦味若饴。马志曰。叶如龙葵。味苦如胆。故名。
苏
颂曰。四月生叶如嫩蒜。细茎如竹枝。七月开花如牵牛。作铃铎状。冬后结子。苗便枯。曹
植表。葵藿之倾叶太阳。王勃诗。露泫竹潭枝。欧阳修诗。银蒜钩帘宛地垂。李商隐诗。
鹰掣撼金铃。诗。勿剪勿伐。
【远志】
味道苦，性温。主治咳嗽气逆并损伤中焦脾胃，补益身体不足，驱除邪气，通利九窍，增强智慧，使耳目灵敏聪明，记忆力强且意志坚定，体力倍增。长期服用可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老。其叶名为小草。又名棘菀，又名绕，又名细草。生长于山谷之中。
（赞语）志向远大而决断深远，出处有何差别？近洛水处花朵如玉般洁白灿烂，泗州处花朵如丹砂般红艳。根部疑似鹿所食之蒿，幼苗混杂于龙沙之地生长的麻黄丛中。心境如明月朗照般清醒，体力因风势加持而倍增。
（典故注释）《荀子》说：君主必须有足以让他向远方咨询决疑的人，然后才可以（治理国家）。《世说新语》记载：郝隆回答桓温，隐居在家时称为“远志”，出仕为官时则称为“小草”。苏颂说：河、洛及陕西各郡都有分布，开白花；泗州的开红花。根像蒿根的形态，苗像麻黄的形态。《书疏》提到：只有洛阳进贡的接近洛水，其兆头得吉。刘桢赋中说：“玉粲”耀眼夺目。《尚书》说：“浮于泗水”。《列仙传》提到颜氏的红花。《诗经》说：“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿”。《广雅》说：龙沙产的即是麻黄。《记事珠》说：远志是醒心的手杖。陆机诗说：“明月一何朗”。《法书要录》说：“风加而众草靡”。
【龙胆】
味道苦、涩。主治骨骼间的寒热症状，惊痫及邪气，接续断裂损伤，安定五脏，杀灭蛊毒。长期服用可益智、防止遗忘，使身体轻盈、耐老。又名陵游。生长于山谷之中。
（赞语）忍受苦涩如同饴糖一般甜美，品尝龙胆之苦并不觉得难忍。葵花向阳倾斜，竹枝上露水凝结。银蒜般的叶片低垂，金铃般的花朵由谁摇撼？夏季茂盛，冬季潜藏，宿根切勿剪断。
（典故注释）陈造诗说：“茹苦耐煎熬”。李歌说：“尝胆不苦味若饴”。马志说：叶子像龙葵，味道苦得像胆，因此得名。苏颂说：四月生出嫩蒜般的叶子，细茎像竹枝。七月开花像牵牛花，呈铃铛状。冬后结籽，苗随即枯死。曹植表奏中说：“葵藿之倾叶太阳”。王勃诗说：“露泫竹潭枝”。欧阳修诗说：“银蒜钩帘宛地垂”。李商隐诗说：“鹰掣撼金铃”。《诗经》说：“勿剪勿伐”。
[Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi)]
Taste: Bitter. Temperature: Warm.
Indications: Mainly treats cough with counterflow qi and damage to the middle jiao; tonifies insufficiency; eliminates pathogenic factors; unblocks the nine orifices; benefits wisdom; makes ears and eyes clear and bright; strengthens memory and willpower; doubles strength. Long-term use lightens the body and delays aging. The leaves are called Xiao Cao (Little Grass). Also known as Ji Wan, Rao, and Xi Cao. Grows in mountain valleys.
(Praise) With a resolute will extending far, what difference is there in its origin or emergence? Near the Luo River, flowers shine like white jade; floating on the Si River, red blossoms resemble cinnabar. Roots resemble those eaten by deer; seedlings mix with Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) in Longsha. The mind awakens under the bright moon; strength increases with the wind.
(Annotations) Xunzi states: "A ruler must have someone capable of resolving doubts from afar before he can govern." Shishuo Xinyu records: Hao Long replied to Huan Wen, "When residing at home, it is Yuanzhi (Far-reaching Will); when entering office, it is Xiao Cao (Little Grass)." Su Song states: It grows in He, Luo, and Shaanxi commanderies, bearing white flowers; those in Sizhou bear red flowers. The root resembles Artemisiae Argyi Radix (Ai Gen, 艾根), and the seedling resembles Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄). Shushu mentions: Only those near Luoyang yield auspicious omens. Liu Zhen's fu says: "White jade shines to dazzle the eye." Shangshu states: "Floating on the Si [River]." Lie Xian Zhuan mentions Yan's red flowers. Shi Jing states: "The deer call 'you you', eating mugwort in the wild." Guangya states: Mahuang found in Longsha is Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄). Jishi Zhu states: Yuanzhi is the staff that awakens the heart. Lu Ji's poem states: "How bright is the moon." Fashu Yaolu states: "With added wind, common grasses bow."
[Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma (Longdan)]
Taste: Bitter, Astringent.
Indications: Mainly treats cold-heat alternating in the bones, fright, epilepsy, and pathogenic factors; reconnects severed injuries; stabilizes the five zang organs; kills gu poison. Long-term use benefits intelligence, prevents forgetfulness, lightens the body, and promotes longevity. Also known as Ling You. Grows in mountain valleys.
(Praise) Enduring bitterness as if it were sweet syrup; tasting dragon gall feels not bitter but like maltose. Sunflower leaves tilt toward the sun; bamboo branches hold condensing dew. Silver garlic-like leaves hang low; who shakes the golden bells? Lush in summer, hidden in winter; do not cut the perennial roots.
(Annotations) Chen Zao's poem states: "Endure bitterness and endure hardship." Li Ge's song states: "Tasting gall is not bitter, taste like syrup." Ma Zhi states: Leaves resemble Solanum nigrum (Long Kui), taste bitter like gall, hence the name. Su Song states: In April, leaves emerge like tender garlic; thin stems resemble bamboo. In July, flowers bloom resembling Ipomoea nil (Qian Niu Hua, 牵牛花), shaped like bells. After winter, seeds form, and the seedlings wither. Cao Zhi's memorial states: "Sunflowers and beans tilt their leaves toward the sun." Wang Bo's poem states: "Dew condenses on bamboo潭 branches." Ouyang Xiu's poem states: "Silver garlic hooks the curtain, hanging low." Li Shangyin's poem states: "Eagles pull, shaking golden bells." Shi Jing states: "Do not cut, do not chop."