味辛，平。主利水道，杀蛊毒，辟不祥。久服，益气、轻身、不老、通神明。一名水香。
生池泽。
《名医》曰∶生大吴，四月、五月采。
案∶《说文》云∶兰，香草也；《广雅》云∶ ，兰也；易∶其臭如兰。郑云∶兰，香草
也。《夏小正》∶五月蓄兰。《毛诗》云∶方秉 分。《传》云∶ ，兰也。陆玑云∶ ，即兰，
香草也，其茎、叶似药草泽兰。《范子计然》云∶大兰，出汉中三辅；兰，出河东宏农，白
者善。元杨齐贤注李白诗引《本草》云∶兰草、泽兰，二物同名。兰草，一名水香，云都梁
是也。《水经》∶零陵郡，都梁县西小山上，有 水，其中悉生兰草，绿叶紫茎；泽兰，如薄
荷，微香，荆湘岭南人家多种之，与兰大抵相类。颜师古以兰草为泽兰，非也
味苦，平。主妇人阴中肿痛，男子阳痿、湿痒，除痹气，利关节，癫痫恶创。久服，轻
身。一名蛇米。生川谷及田野。
《吴普》曰∶蛇床，一名蛇珠（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名蛇粟，一名虺床，一名思盐，一名绳毒，一名枣棘，一名墙蘼，生临
淄。五月采实，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云，蛇粟，马床，蛇床也；《尔雅》云∶盱虺床。《淮南子·汜论训》云∶
乱人者，若蛇床之与蘼芜。
味苦，寒。主膀胱热，利小便，补中，益精气。久服，耳目聪明、轻身、耐老。一名地
葵（《御览》引云∶一名地华，一名地脉。《大观本》无一名地华四字；脉，作麦，皆黑字）。
生平泽及田野。
《名医》曰∶一名地麦，生荆州，八月、十月采实，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶地葵，地肤也；《列仙传》云∶文宾服地肤；郑樵云∶地肤，曰落帚
，亦曰地扫；《尔雅》云∶ ，马帚，即此也；今人亦用为帚。
兰草：味辛，性平。主要功效是通利水道，杀灭蛊毒，驱除不祥之气。长期服用，能补益元气、使身体轻健、延缓衰老、通达神明。又名水香。生长在池塘沼泽地带。
《名医别录》说：生长在大吴地区，四月、五月采摘。
按语：《说文解字》说：兰，是香草；《广雅》说：蕑，就是兰；《易经》说：其气味像兰一样芳香。郑玄说：兰，是香草。《夏小正》说：五月蓄积兰草。《毛诗》说：手里拿着蕑。《传》说：蕑，就是兰。陆玑说：蕑，就是兰，是香草，它的茎、叶像药草泽兰。《范子计然》说：大兰，出产于汉中三辅地区；兰，出产于河东宏农，白色的质量好。元代杨齐贤注释李白诗歌时引用《本草》说：兰草、泽兰，是两种不同的药物但名称相同。兰草，又名水香，所说的都梁就是它。《水经》说：零陵郡，都梁县西面的小山上，有洣水，水中全都生长着兰草，绿叶紫茎；泽兰，像薄荷，微有香气，荆州、湘地、岭南的人家多种植它，与兰草大体相似。颜师古认为兰草就是泽兰，这是错误的。
蛇床子：味苦，性平。主要治疗妇女阴道内肿痛，男子阳痿、潮湿瘙痒，去除痹气，通利关节，治疗癫痫和恶性疮疡。长期服用，能使身体轻健。又名蛇米。生长在川谷及田野中。
《吴普本草》说：蛇床，又名蛇珠（见《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：又名蛇粟，又名虺床，又名思盐，又名绳毒，又名枣棘，又名墙蘼，生长在临淄。五月采集果实，阴干。
按语：《广雅》说，蛇粟，马床，就是蛇床；《尔雅》说：盱虺床。《淮南子·汜论训》说：迷惑人的东西，就像蛇床与蘼芜（容易混淆）。
地肤子：味苦，性寒。主要治疗膀胱热证，通利小便，补益中焦，增益精气。长期服用，能使耳聪目明、身体轻健、耐受衰老。又名地葵（《太平御览》引用说：又名地华，又名地脉。《大观本草》中没有“一名地华”这四个字；“脉”字写作“麦”，都是黑体字）。生长在平泽及田野中。
《名医别录》说：又名地麦，生长在荆州，八月、十月采集果实，阴干。
按语：《广雅》说：地葵，就是地肤；《列仙传》说：文宾服食地肤；郑樵说：地肤，叫做落帚，也叫做地扫；《尔雅》说：荓，马帚，就是这个；现在的人也用它做扫帚。
Lan Cao (Eupatorium fortunei, 兰草): The flavor is acrid, and the nature is neutral. It primarily facilitates the water passages, kills gu poison (parasitic or toxic pathogens), and wards off inausicious influences. Long-term administration benefits Qi (vital energy), lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances spiritual clarity. It is also known as Shui Xiang (Water Fragrance). It grows in ponds and marshes.
The Mingyi Bielu (Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians) states: It grows in the Dawu region and is harvested in the fourth and fifth months.
Commentary: The Shuowen Jiezi states: Lan is an aromatic herb. The Guangya states: Jian is Lan. The I Ching states: Its scent is like Lan. Zheng Xuan states: Lan is an aromatic herb. The Xia Xiao Zheng states: Lan is stored in the fifth month. The Mao Shi states: Holding Jian in hand. The Zhuan commentary states: Jian is Lan. Lu Ji states: Jian is Lan, an aromatic herb; its stems and leaves resemble the medicinal herb Ze Lan (Lycopus lucidus). The Fan Zi Ji Ran states: Da Lan originates from the Hanzhong Sanfu region; Lan originates from Hedong and Hongnong, with the white variety being superior. Yang Qixian of the Yuan Dynasty, annotating Li Bai's poetry, cites the Bencao stating: Lan Cao and Ze Lan are two distinct substances sharing the same name. Lan Cao, also known as Shui Xiang, refers to what is called Duliang. The Shui Jing states: In Lingling Commandery, on the small mountain west of Duliang County, there is the Mi River, where Lan Cao grows abundantly, featuring green leaves and purple stems. Ze Lan resembles Bo He (Mentha haplocalyx, 薄荷), has a slight fragrance, and is widely cultivated by households in Jing, Xiang, and Lingnan regions; it is generally similar to Lan. Yan Shigu's identification of Lan Cao as Ze Lan is incorrect.
She Chuang Zi (Cnidii Fructus, 蛇床子): The flavor is bitter, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats swelling and pain in the female genitalia, impotence and damp itching in males, eliminates Bi Qi (obstructive Qi causing pain/numbness), benefits the joints, and treats epilepsy and malignant sores. Long-term administration lightens the body. It is also known as She Mi. It grows in river valleys and fields.
The Wu Pu Bencao states: She Chuang is also known as She Zhu (see Taiping Yulan).
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is also known as She Su, Hui Chuang, Si Yan, Sheng Du, Zao Ji, and Qiang Mi. It grows in Linzi. The fruits are harvested in the fifth month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: The Guangya states: She Su and Ma Chuang refer to She Chuang. The Erya states: Xu Hui Chuang. The Huainanzi · Fan Lun Xun states: Things that confuse people are like She Chuang and Mi Wu (which are easily confused).
Di Fu Zi (Kochiae Fructus, 地肤子): The flavor is bitter, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats Bladder heat, promotes urination, tonifies the Middle Jiao (middle burner), and benefits Jing Qi (essence and Qi). Long-term administration improves hearing and vision, lightens the body, and increases resistance to aging. It is also known as Di Kui (Taiping Yulan cites: also known as Di Hua and Di Mai. The Daguan Bencao edition lacks the four characters "Yi Ming Di Hua"; "Mai" is written as "Wheat," all in bold text). It grows in flat marshes and fields.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is also known as Di Mai. It grows in Jingzhou. The fruits are harvested in the eighth and tenth months and dried in the shade.
Commentary: The Guangya states: Di Kui is Di Fu. The Lie Xian Zhuan states: Wen Bin consumed Di Fu. Zheng Qiao states: Di Fu is called Luo Zhou, also known as Di Sao. The Erya states: Ping, Ma Zhou, is this plant; people today also use it to make brooms.