味咸，寒。主小儿惊痫、夜啼， 病，寒热。生杨柳上。
《名医》曰∶五月采，蒸干之。
案∶《说文》云∶蝉以旁鸣者，蜩蝉也。《广雅》云∶KT ，蝉也；复育，蜕也。旧
作蚱蝉。《别录》云∶蚱者，鸣蝉也。壳，一名 蝉。又名伏 ，案∶蚱，即柞字。《周礼·考
工记》云∶侈，则柞。郑元云∶柞，读为咋咋然之咋，声大外也。《说文》云∶诸，大声也，
音同柞，今据作柞。柞蝉，即五月鸣蜩之蜩。《夏小正》云∶五月良蜩鸣。《传》∶良蜩也，
五采具。《尔雅》云∶蜩，螂蜩。《毛诗》云∶如蜩。《传》云∶蜩，蝉也。《方言》云∶楚，
谓之蜩；宋、卫之间，谓之螗蜩；陈郑之间，谓之螂蜩；秦、晋之间，谓之蝉；海岱之间，
谓之KT 。《论衡》云∶蝉，生于复育，开背而出。而《玉篇》云∶蚱蝉，七月生。陶弘景∶
音蚱作笮，云 蝉，是为《月令》人寒蝉，《尔雅》所云 矣，《唐本》注非之也。
味咸，微温。主恶血、血瘀（《御览》作血瘴），痹气，破折、血在胁下坚满痛，月闭，
目中淫肤，青翳白膜。一名 蛴。生平泽。
《名医》曰∶一名 齐，一名勃齐。生河内人家积粪草中。取无时。反行者，良。
案∶《说文》云 ， 螬也；蝤，蝤 也；蝎，蝤 也。《广雅》云∶蛭 ， ，地蚕，
蠹，蛴螬。《尔雅》云∶ ，蛴螬。郭璞云∶在粪土中。又蝤蛴，蝎。郭璞云∶在木中。今
虽通名蝎，所在异。又蝎， 。郭璞云∶木中囊虫。蝎，桑蠹，郭璞云∶即拮掘。《毛诗》
云∶领如蝤蛴。《传》云∶蝤蛴，蝎虫也。《方言》云∶蛴螬，谓之 。自关而东，谓之蝤蛴，
或谓之蚕 ，梁益之间，谓之 ，或谓之蝎，或谓之蛭 ；秦晋之间，谓之蠹，或谓之天蝼。
《列子·天瑞篇》云∶乌足根为蛴螬。《博物志》云∶蛴螬以背行，快于足用。《说文》无
字，当借 为之。声相近，字之误也。
【柞蝉】
味道咸，性寒。主治小儿惊风抽搐、夜间啼哭，[疟]疾，以及寒热往来症状。生长在杨柳树上。
《名医别录》记载：五月采集，蒸熟后晒干。
考证：《说文解字》说：从侧面鸣叫的蝉，叫做蜩蝉。《广雅》说：KT（此处为古籍异体字或脱文，指某种蝉），是蝉；复育，是蝉蜕。旧本作“蚱蝉”。《名医别录》说：“蚱”是指鸣叫的蝉。“壳”，又名“蝉”。又名“伏...”，考证认为：“蚱”即“柞”字。《周礼·考工记》说：“侈，则柞。”郑玄注解说：“柞”，读音同“咋咋然”的“咋”，声音宏大向外。《说文解字》说：“诸”，是大声，音同“柞”，现在依据原文作“柞”。“柞蝉”，就是五月鸣叫的“蜩”。《夏小正》说：“五月良蜩鸣。”《传》解释说：“良蜩”，具备五色。《尔雅》说：“蜩”，即“螂蜩”。《毛诗》说：“如蜩。”《传》说：“蜩”，就是蝉。《方言》说：楚地，称它为“蜩”；宋国、卫国之间，称它为“螗蜩”；陈国、郑国之间，称它为“螂蜩”；秦国、晋国之间，称它为“蝉”；海岱之间，称它为“KT”。《论衡》说：蝉，生于复育（蝉蜕），破背而出。而《玉篇》说：蚱蝉，七月出生。陶弘景：读音为“蚱”作“笮”，说“...蝉”，这是《月令》中提到的“寒蝉”，也就是《尔雅》所说的“...矣”，《唐本草》注对此进行了驳斥。
【蛴螬】
味道咸，微温。主治恶血、血瘀（《太平御览》作“血瘴”）、痹气，以及跌打损伤、胁下坚硬胀满疼痛、闭经、眼中生翳膜（淫肤，青翳白膜）。又名“...蛴”。生长于平原沼泽地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名“...齐”，又名“勃齐”。生长在河内人家堆积粪便和杂草的地方。随时可以采集。如果是反着走的（指虫体蠕动方向异常或特定状态），品质更好。
考证：《说文解字》说：“...”是“螬”；“蝤”，是“蝤...”；“蝎”，是“蝤...”。“《广雅》说：蛭...，...，地蚕，蠹，蛴螬。《尔雅》说：“...”，即“蛴螬”。郭璞注解说：在粪土中。又说“蝤蛴”，即“蝎”。郭璞注解说：在木头中。现在虽然通称为“蝎”，但所在环境不同。又有“蝎”，即“...”。郭璞注解说：木中的囊虫。“蝎”，即桑蠹，郭璞注解说：就是“拮掘”。《毛诗》说：“领如蝤蛴。”《传》说：“蝤蛴”，是“蝎虫”。《方言》说：“蛴螬”，称之为“...”。自函谷关以东，称之为“蝤蛴”，或者称之为“蚕...”，梁州、益州之间，称之为“...”，或者称之为“蝎”，或者称之为“蛭...”；秦晋之间，称之为“蠹”，或者称之为“天蝼”。《列子·天瑞篇》说：乌足的根变成蛴螬。《博物志》说：蛴螬用背部行走，比用脚走更快。《说文解字》中没有“...”字，应当借用“...”来代替。声音相近，是字的误写。
[Zha Chan (Oak Cicada)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (Xiao'er Jingxian), night crying, malaria (Bing - likely referring to Nue/Malaria given context of chills and fever), and alternating chills and fever. Habitat: Grows on willow trees.
Recorded in *Mingyi Bielu*: Harvest in the fifth lunar month, steam until cooked, then dry.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: The cicada that sings from the side is called "Tiao Chan". *Guaya* states: [Character missing/variant], which is a cicada; "Fuyu" is the exuviae (shed skin). The old text reads "Zha Chan". *Mingyi Bielu* states: "Zha" refers to the singing cicada. The shell is also named "Chan". It is also named "Fu...". Research indicates: "Zha" is the character for "Zha" (oak/acorn tree). *Rites of Zhou · Kaogong Ji* states: "Chi, then Zha." Zheng Xuan's commentary notes: "Zha" is pronounced like "Zha" in "Zhazhara" (onomatopoeia for loud sound), meaning the sound is loud and outward. *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zhu" means loud sound, with the same pronunciation as "Zha"; thus, it is now written as "Zha". "Zha Chan" is the "Tiao" that sings in the fifth month. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: "In the fifth month, Liang Tiao sings." The Commentary explains: "Liang Tiao" possesses five colors. *Erya* states: "Tiao" is "Lang Tiao". *Mao Shi* states: "Like Tiao." The Commentary states: "Tiao" is a cicada. *Fangyan* states: In Chu, it is called "Tiao"; between Song and Wei, it is called "Tang Tiao"; between Chen and Zheng, it is called "Lang Tiao"; between Qin and Jin, it is called "Chan"; between Hai and Dai, it is called [Character missing/variant]. *Lunheng* states: Cicadas are born from Fuyu (exuviae) and emerge by breaking open their backs. However, *Yupian* states: Zha Chan is born in the seventh month. Tao Hongjing: Pronounces "Zha" as "Ze", stating that [...] Chan is the "Han Chan" (Winter Cicada) mentioned in *Yueling*, which is what *Erya* refers to as [...]; the annotation in *Tang Bencao* refutes this.
[Qi Cao (Mealworm/Silphium Larva)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Slightly Warm. Indications: Evil blood (E xue), blood stasis (Xue Yu - noted as "Xue Zhang" in *Taiping Yulan*), bi syndrome (Bi Qi), fractures/dislocations (Po Zhe), hardness and fullness with pain under the hypochondrium due to blood retention, amenorrhea (Yue Bi), and ocular opacities including pterygium-like growths (Yin Fu), blue nebula (Qing Yi), and white membrane (Bai Mo). Also known as [...] Si. Habitat: Grows in plains and marshes.
Recorded in *Mingyi Bielu*: Also known as [...] Qi, and Bo Qi. Grows in piles of manure and grass in households in Henei. Can be harvested at any time. Those that move in reverse are considered superior.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [...] is "Cao"; "You" is "You..."; "Xie" is "You...". *Guaya* states: Zhi..., ..., Earth Silkworm, Du, Qi Cao. *Erya* states: [...], Qi Cao. Guo Pu's commentary notes: In manure and soil. Furthermore, "You Si" is "Xie". Guo Pu's commentary notes: In wood. Although currently all are commonly called "Xie", their habitats differ. There is also "Xie", which is [...]. Guo Pu's commentary notes: Cystic larvae in wood. "Xie" is Sang Du (Mulberry Borer); Guo Pu's commentary notes: It is "Jiejue". *Mao Shi* states: "The neck is like You Si." The Commentary states: "You Si" is the Xie insect. *Fangyan* states: "Qi Cao" is called [...]. East of the pass, it is called "You Si", or "Can...", in Liang and Yi regions, it is called [...], or "Xie", or "Zhi..."; between Qin and Jin, it is called "Du", or "Tian Lou". *Liezi · Tianrui Pian* states: The roots of Wu Zu transform into Qi Cao. *Bowuzhi* states: Qi Cao walks on its back, faster than using legs. *Shuowen Jiezi* lacks the character [...], so one should borrow [...] instead. The sounds are similar, indicating a textual error.